Apodolirion

The genus belongs to the subfamily Apodolirion Amaryllidoideae within the family of the Amaryllis family ( Amaryllidaceae ). The six species are native to southern Africa.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

The Apodolirion species grow as perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of growth of only a few centimeters. They have long, fleshy roots. They form onions as outlasting to survive long periods of drought; they do not protrude from the ground. Often the bulbs have a distinctive upper end and there are often at the base of leaves or a few, surrounding the leaves, leaf sheaths of older leaves present. These Geophyten the leaves are dried up during the flowering period in the dry season. Fresh leaves drift after the heyday again.

There are only one or a few only basal leaves present, which are sessile. The simple bare leaf blades are parallel-veined, slender and sometimes spirally twisted. The leaf margin is smooth.

Inflorescence and flowers

The short inflorescence stem is below the surface. The flowers appear singly in a much reduced inflorescence just above the ground. In knospigen state a spathe encloses the inflorescence, which is formed from two fused, membranous bracts and two-piece ends, but is hidden in the " onion neck ". The stiff to lax flower stems are as long as or much longer than the perianth. The flowers are densely arranged contiguously, or are wide spread in the inflorescence. The flower stalks are only a few millimeters long during anthesis and extended to fruit maturity.

The heyday of all Apodolirion species is located in the South African summer, during the dry phase. The scented flowers are hermaphrodite and threefold radial symmetry. The relatively short -lasting perianth is stalk dish or funnel-shaped. The six bracts are fused into a long, mostly very narrow, cylindrical tube that expands the throat towards something. The free portions of the bloom are much shorter than the flower tube, almost the same shape and often spread to back curved. The color of the bloom is usually white, rarely slightly pink to dull red. There are two circles, each with three stamens present; they are distributed much shorter than the sleeve and evenly flowers. The shelter completely free, short, thread-like stamens of a circle are in the flower throat and inserted that of the other a little deeper into the flower tube. The anthers are more or less the same length as the stamens. The bright yellow to cream - yellow, lineal anthers of the inner circle are basifix and the outer circle are Medifix dorsifix up. The anthers open by starting roll in from the upper end to the rear. Three carpels are fused to a dreikammerigen, inferior ovary, which is enveloped by the spathe and the " onion neck " and is plugged underground. Each ovary chamber contains many ovules. The thin, erect to often curved stylus always ends with a distinctly three-lobed, broad scar. There are currently no observations on pollinators.

Fruit and seeds

The club-shaped to ellipsoidal, relatively thin-walled tear berries when ripe irregular parts and contain many seeds. The case of a diameter of 2.5 to 4 mm nearly spherical seeds are dark or have a translucent top layer. The embryo is green. The fruits ripen quickly until the autumn rains. Then the seeds are released and germinate without rest period in this wet period usually in the vicinity of the parent plant.

Chromosome number

The basic chromosome number is x = 6

Occurrence

The six species are native to southern Africa. Three types are elements of the capensis. The genus Apodolirion occurs in Swaziland and South African provinces of Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Free State and KwaZulu -Natal and in the Western and Eastern Cape. Apodolirion species occur mainly in semi-arid areas with summer rain before.

Systematics and endangering the species

The genus name Apodolirion was first published in 1878 by John Gilbert Baker in Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, Volume 16, page 74. As Lectotypusart Apodolirion buchananii ( Baker) Baker by Edwin Percy Phillips in The Genera of South African Flowering Plants, 2nd edition, p 203 has been set.

The genus belongs to the subtribe Apodolirion Gethyllidinae ( eponymous genus ) from the tribe Haemantheae in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae within the family of Amaryllidaceae. Previously, she was also classified in the family Liliaceae.

There are six species of the genus Apodolirion:

• Apodolirion amyanum D.Müll. - Doblies: The home is the Eastern Cape. It was in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Endangered " = 2009 " high risk " rating.
• Apodolirion bolusii Baker: The home is the Eastern Cape. In the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa is about the degree of hazard, nothing is known.
• Apodolirion buchananii ( Baker) Baker (syn.: Apodolirion ettae Baker, Apodolirion mackenii Baker, Cyphonema buchananii Baker ): it is in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
• Apodolirion cedarbergense D.Müll. - Doblies: It was 2009 in the Red List of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Rare " = " rare but not endangered" rated.
• Apodolirion lanceolatum ( Thunb. ) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks. ( Syn: Gethyllis lanceolata ( Thunb. ) Lf, Papiria lanceolata Thunb. ): In the Red List of endangered plant species in South Africa, nothing is known about the degree of hazard.
• Apodolirion macowanii Baker: It was in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Vulnerable " = 2009 'at risk' rated.

Use

Apodolirion types are used due to the short duration of flowering rarely as ornamental plants.

Swell

• John C. Manning, Peter Goldblatt & Deirdre A. Snijman: The Color Encyclopedia of Cape Bulbs, 2002, Timber Press, Portland. ISBN 0-88192-547-0: Apodolirion on page 68-70 (Section Description, occurrence and use)
• Emily Smith 27 April 2009: Apodolirion - Data sheet at Gateway to African Plants. ( Description section )
• AW Meerow, & JR Clayton: Generic relationships among the baccate - fruited Amaryllidaceae ( tribe Haemantheae ) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences, In: Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 244, 2004, pp. 141-155. Full-text PDF. ( Section systematics)
• Dietrich Müller- Doblies: De Liliifloris notulae 3 Enumeratio specierum generum Gethyllis et Apodolirion ( Amaryllidaceae ), In: Willdenowia, Volume 15, 1986, pp. 465-471.