Celâl Bayar
Mahmut Celâleddin (since the family name Act 1934 :) Bayar ( born May 16, 1883 in Umurbey, Bursa Province; † August 22, 1986 in Istanbul) was a Turkish politician and president.
Life
1908 Mahmut Celâl joined the Young Turks. 1914 supported Celâl as a local representative of the Committee of Union and Progress of Izmir and a leading member of the local specialty organization Teskilat -ı Mahsusa the ethnic cleansing and dispossession of Greeks of the Aegean coast.
In April 1919, sentenced Mahmut Celâl Cemal Pasha public opinion on the factuality of the Armenian genocide by the Turkish press. In 1919, under the code name Celâl Galip Hoca in the Izmir region to the ethnic cleansing of the Greeks and the Turkification of trade and farms part.
From 1921 to 1922 Celâl Bayar was Minister of Economic Affairs of the Ankara government. 1922-1923 he took part in the peace talks in Lausanne as a member of the Turkish delegation. 1924 Celâl Bayar Minister for Population, development and resettlement. From 1932 to 1937 he was Minister of Economic Affairs of Turkey. From 1937 to 1939 he held the office of prime minister. After President İsmet İnönü in May 1945 announced the end of the one-party system in Turkey, Bayar and his politically related parties as Adnan Menderes withdrew from the Republican People's Party (CHP) and founded in 1946, the Democrat Parti ( DP). In the 1946 elections, the DP could still not achieve a great success. But in the elections in 1950 won the parliamentary majority. Bayar was a Turkish on May 22, 1950 President and Prime Minister Menderes. Under his presidency was the anti- Greek pogrom in Istanbul instead of 6 - 7th September 1955.
Mid- April 1960 began demonstrations against the government, first in Ankara, and later in other cities. The government finally declared a state of siege for Istanbul and Ankara, but the military refused to intervene. Instead, the military staged a coup on 27 May 1960 under General Cemal Gursel, which had recently been removed from the high command for insubordination by Prime Minister Menderes. Bayar, Menderes and other government politicians were arrested and brought before an extraordinary court. In 1961, Bayar and Menderes convicted in the Yassıada processes to death - but while Menderes was executed in the same year on İmralı, Bayar remained jailed until he was pardoned in 1966.