České Budějovice District
The České Budějovice ( Budweis ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It is located in the South Bohemian Region and contains 109 municipalities. The district covers an area of 1638 km ².
Surface
České Budějovice with the limits currently in force was created in 1960. Covering an area of 1638 km ² it is the second largest district in South Bohemia and the tenth largest in the Czech Republic. The largest part of the district form the previous districts České Budějovice, Trhové Sviny and Tyn nad Vltavou. There were communities from the former districts of Trebon, Kaplice, Český Krumlov, Vodňany and Soběslav. The district borders to all other districts of South Bohemia ( from the west on the north to the south - Cesky Krumlov, Prachatice, Strakonice, Pisek, Tabor, Jindřichův Hradec ). South-east it borders Austria. The length of the state border is 22 kilometers.
Landscape
The majority of the area consists of rolling hills. The middle part is the Budweiser pan that goes southeast into the Novohradské mountains. The northern area is slightly undulating, and the southern part goes into the foothills. The highest mountain is Vysoká in Novohradské mountains ( 1034 m nm). The lowest point lies in the valley of the Vltava river in Tyn nad Vltavou (343 m n m. ) The Mean sea level is moving at 500 m n m.
Climate
In the district there is a colder climate with an annual average temperature 7-8 ° C. The mean rainfall moves 400-2100 mm / m². 25% of the precipitation falls in the spring, 40 % in summer, 20 % in autumn and 15 % in winter.
Water
For the district characteristic is the high proportion of water surfaces. In these areas up to 300 ponds were managed in the past. The most famous is the Bezdrev at Zliv. From south to north the Vltava River, is fed primarily by the Malše Vltavou and the Lužnice in Tyn nad flows. The dam at Římov on the Malše supplies a large part of South Bohemia with drinking water. The Vltava River Dam near Hněvkovice was built for the supply of the Temelín nuclear power station. The majority of rivers and streams in the district belongs to the category " contaminated ".
Surface
Of the total area of the district 53% is used for agriculture, 32% forest, 5.6% water areas and 1.4% is covered with buildings. The trend is currently towards the further development of agricultural land and its forest cover.
Natural resources
The district has few natural resources. Important are merely the reduction of graphite in Tyn nad Vltavou, construction minerals (granite, quartz and sand) as well as peat. Of great importance are the forests as a source of raw materials for wood and natural regulator of the climate and the water balance. Most mixed forests are found in southern and northern part of the district.
History
The earliest human settlement of the area took place in the Bronze Age. The first Slavic peoples settled around 800 mainly Pomalší. The oldest written proof of 1008 mentions the village of Doudleby. This place was at that time the Slavnikiden. End of the 12th century, the communities Borovany, Olešnice, Mohuřlce, Něchov, Todně and Žár were mentioned. The majority of the population in the 13th and 14th centuries. Significant was the beginning of the royal city of Budweis, which had been founded in 1265 by Czech king Přemysl Otakar II.
On 1 January 2007 came from the Okres Tábor the community Čenkov u Bechyně and from the Pisek Okres the community DRAZIC added.
Population
In the district live about 181 thousand inhabitants. Thus, the district is among the most populous in South Bohemia and the seventh largest in the Czech Republic. The population density of 110 inhabitants / km ², the highest in the county. In the densest areas are the České Budějovice, Rudolfov, Hluboká and settled Zliv, followed by the area around Tyn nad Vltavou and Trhové Sviny. The lowest population density is recorded in the area Novohradec, which is due to the Entsiedlung the villages along the border under the communist regime. Approximately ¾ of the inhabitants live in cities, the majority in České Budějovice ( 55%). In the long term takes the number of inhabitants in the district from 1961. In the last ten years, however, the migration balance was improved ( 487), but the birth of balance is negative ( -84 ). The average age in the region is 38.4 years, which is at the level of the average of the circle.
Colonization
The district includes nine cities and 109 municipalities. The smallest place ( at the same time in the Czech Republic ) is Vlkov with 24 inhabitants.
Economy
In 2001, in the district of approximately 40,000 companies registered, of which 32,000 partnerships. Approximately 1,000 companies come from abroad. From 926,000 social insurance contributions are accounted for by the industrial sectors: 25.5% industry, 14.8% Educational services, 11.7% retail and repairs, 11.4% health and social services, 10.8% construction. The average monthly income was 2001 15.178 Kč ( about 500 EUR ). Thus, the district is in the region of the first in the Czech Republic the 23th Place. The economic structure of tourism and a high number of self-employed positively affect the economic development of the district. The district has 4.6% unemployment, the lowest unemployment rate in the Czech Republic ( average: 8.9%). The highest unemployment there is in the less developed area of Neubug ( Novohradsko ).
Industry
The greatest economic interest are the food industry, especially the production of beer, as well as metal processing, the pencil production, construction materials and engineering industries. Industrial center is České Budějovice, further Tyn nad Vltavou, Zliv, Borovany, Lišově, Ledenice and Trhové Sviny. The products of some companies are also known worldwide, such as the Budvar beer, pencils Koh-i- Noor Hardtmuth. Beginning of the 1990 years began with the construction of the nuclear power plant Temelín.
Traffic
České Budějovice The part of the area with a high density of traffic both on the streets and on the track. The problem is that the District of the infrastructure is poorly developed. Thus the growth of the economy is impeded. Here in the northern part of the infrastructure is better developed than in the rest of the district. The main traffic arteries are the roads Dolni Dvořiště - České Budějovice - Praha (E 55) and Trebon - České Budějovice - Plzeň (E 49). All other roads have only regional importance. A border crossing was opened in Gratzen. The railway network consists of four major compounds: České Budějovice - Prague, České Velenice - České Budějovice - Plzeň, České Budějovice - Horni Dvořiště, České Budějovice - Volary.
Education
The majority of schools, health care, institutions of culture and sport are concentrated in the cities; mainly due to České Budějovice, Tyn nad Vltavou and Trhové Sviny. In the district there are 88 kindergartens with about 5000 children, 56 primary schools with 18,000 students, 10 schools (3500 students), 17 schools (4000 students), 14 training centers ( 5000 trainees), 5 technical colleges (5000 students). Then there are the University of South Bohemia with the focus on agriculture, education, biology, theology and health care, with about 5500 students.
Research
In České Budějovice six research institutes of the Academy of Sciences are located. Research is conducted in the fields of entomology, Hydrobiology, parasitology, landscape ecology, molecular biology and soil biology.
Health service
Primary health care is brought by a hospital with 1,500 beds, 4 outpatient clinics, 119 general practitioners, 84 pediatricians, 118 dentists, 30 gynecologists, 155 specialty physicians and 84 other facilities. In addition, 42 pharmacies.
Social Services
In the district there are six nursing homes with 700 beds, 2 OAP with 276 beds and 8 other facilities with 185 beds. In recent times, the number of maintenance devices grows. Currently, there are 18 houses with 753 apartments. The total capacity of social institutions can currently take 7% of over-65s population.
Culture
Cultural institutions there are, especially in the cities; in the smaller towns it is limited mostly to libraries, of which there are 167 in a circle. In addition, 12 museums and 36 galleries. A prominent position have the South Bohemian Theatre, South Bohemian Museum and the South Bohemian Gallery of ALS. As a sports facility are to mention 12 covered stadiums, 30 swimming pools, 320 sports fields, 81 gymnasiums, 6 Winter stadiums as well as a number of other facilities.
Environment
Although the situation has improved considerably in the last ten years, the district is one of the areas with the highest concentration of emissions. The Vltava River and the other rivers are polluted. One of the cleanest rivers belonged to the Malše.
Attractions
In the field a large number of monuments could be obtained. Among the most important and most visited Nature Reserve It ranks (331 ha comprehensive bog ) and the natural monument Terčino 's Valley ( parkland from the 18th century ), both at Novohradský.
Also worth seeing are the Hluboká, the former hunting lodge Ohrada and Novohradský castle with an exhibition of ancient glass. From religious institutions comes from the Romanesque period Hosín. It is the oldest church building in the region. There are also many churches in the Gothic style ( Dolni Bukovsko, Doudleby Ševětín, Dominican Monastery in České Budějovice ) Baroque ( Trhový Sviny, Dobra Voda, Tyn nad Vltavou ).
Architectural monuments include many city building in České Budějovice, the city center is a historic monument reserve. In a number of villages, the original folk architecture further Bavorovice and Munice ( districts of Hluboká ), Malé Chrášťany a Plástovice remained, especially in Holašovice, which were declared a UNESCO monument, ( districts of Sedlec ) Mazelov, Radošovice, Vitin and Záboří. The way of life of the population shows best the Museum in České Budějovice ( local history museum, motorcycle museum ), in Tyn nad Vltavou (home exhibition, stone collections) in Vrabče ( information about the Temelín nuclear power plant ), in Purkarc, the raft museum in Rudolfov, the Mining Museum, in Lisova ( game machines ), in Žumberk ( folkloric furniture), Buškův hamr (water- powered machines forge) and numerous other monuments.
Tourism
Landscape and nature attract many visitors from the Czech Republic and abroad in the district. 2001 visited 155 thousand tourists (48% from abroad) the district. The average length of stay was four days. The proximity to Germany and Austria are still many day trippers recorded. The former military airfield Plana is located since 2006 sponsored by the Okres and the city of České Budějovice and will be developed into an international airport.
Cities and Towns
Adamov (Adam City) - Bečice ( Betschitz ) - Borek ( Bida ) - Borovany (Forbes ) - Borovnice ( Borownitz ) - Boršov nad Vltavou ( Payreschau ) - Bošilec ( Boschiletz ) - Branišov ( Branischen ) - Břehov ( Schwiehalm ) - Čakov ( United Cekau ) - Čejkovice ( Tschejkowitz ) - Čenkov u Bechyně - České Budějovice (Budweis) - Čížkrajice ( sitting in a circle ) - Dasný ( Kronfellern ) - Dívčice ( Diwtschitz ) - Dobra Voda u Českých Budějovic ( Gutwasser ) - Dobsice ( Dobschitz ) - Dolni Bukovsko ( Unterbukowsko ) - Doubravice ( Daubrawitz ) - Doudleby ( Doudleby ) - Drahotěšice ( Drahoteschitz ) - DRAZIC ( Draschitz ) - Dříteň ( Zirnau ) - Dubičné ( Dubiken ) - Dubné ( Duben ) - Dynín ( Dinin ) - Habří - Hartmanice ( Hartmanice ) - Heřmaň ( Hermann village) - Hlavatce ( Hlawatetz ) - Hlincová Hora ( Pfaff village) - Hluboká ( Mrs. Berg ) - Homole ( bumblebees ) - Horni Kněžeklady (Upper Knischeklad ) - Horni Stropnice ( Strobnitz ) - Hosín ( Hosin ) - Hosty ( Hosty ) - Hradce ( Prabsch ) - Hranice (July grove ) - Hrdějovice ( Hartowitz ) - Hůry ( Hurr ) - Hvozdec ( Hwostetz ) - Chotýčany ( Schmiedgraben ) - Chrášťany ( Chrastan ) - Yankov ( Jankau ) - Jílovice ( Jilowitz ) - Jivno ( Gieben ) - Kamenná ( Sacherles ) - Kamenný Újezd (stone churches ) - Komařice ( Komarschitz ) - Kvítkovice ( Kwitkowitz ) - Ledenice ( Ledenice ) - Libín ( Libin ) - Libníč ( Libnitsch ) - Lipí (Lips) - Lišov ( Lischau ) - Litvínovice ( Leitnowitz ) - Ločenice ( Lotschenitz ) - Mazelov ( Mazalow ) - Mladošovice ( Mladoschowitz ) - Modra Hurka ( Blue Hurka ) - Mokrý Lom - Mydlovary ( Mydlowar ) - Nákří ( Nakersch ) - Nedabyle ( Hables ) - Neplachov ( Neplachow ) - Nová Ves ( Neudorf ) - Novohradský ( Gratzen ) - Olešnice ( Elexnitz ) - Olešník ( Wolleschnik ) - Ostrolovský Újezd ( Aujest Ostrolow ) - Petříkov ( Petersin ) - Pištín ( Pischtin ) - Plana (Plan) - Plav ( Plaben ) - Radošovice ( Roschowitz ) - Roudné ( Ruden ) - Rudolfov (Rudolf city) - Římov ( Rimau ) - Sedlec ( Selz ) - Slavče ( Slabsch ) - Srubec ( Strups ) - Staré Hodějovice ( Hodowitz ) - Strážkovice ( Straschkowitz ) - Strýčice ( Stritschitz ) - Střížov ( Driesendorf ) - svatý Jan nad Malší ( Lotschenitz ) - Ševětín ( Schewetin ) - Štěpánovice ( Stepanowitz ) - Temelín ( United Temelin ) - Trhové Sviny ( Schweinitz ) - Tyn nad Vltavou ( Moldova Thein ) - Úsilné ( Woselno ) - Včelná ( bees village) - Vidov (re- Poland) - Vitin ( Wittine ) - Vlkov ( Wilkow ) - Vrábče ( Prabsch ) - Vráto ( Brod) - Všemyslice ( Schemeslitz ) - Záboří ( Saborz ) - Zahájí ( Sahaj ) - Závraty ( Zawraten ) - Zliv ( Sliw ) - Zvíkov ( Zwikow ) - Žabovřesky ( Schabowres ) - Žár ( Sohors ) - Zimutice ( Schimutitz )