Charles I of Hungary
Charles Robert, Charles Robert Hungarian, Croatian Karlo I. Robert, also called carobert, (* 1288 in Naples, † July 16, 1342 in Visegrád ) from the House of Anjou was from 1308 until his death King of Hungary. He was the eldest son of Charles Martel and the Titularkönigs Clementia of Habsburg.
Life
He was baptized under the name Caroberto, the name is not a compound word. After the extinction of the Árpád dynasty in 1301 came with Charles the first king from the House of Anjou to the throne of Hungary. His grandmother Maria, wife of Charles II of Naples, was a sister of the penultimate arpadischen King Ladislaus IV and looked on as the heiress of Hungary. She transferred this title to Karl. 1299, Pope Boniface VIII, who considered himself a lord of Hungary, this claim. The Hungarian nobility but initially raised Wenceslas III. to the throne. After his death in 1305 succeeded Charles but to move the Curia to renounce their Lehnsanspruch. At the same time he was increasingly able to gain recognition among the Hungarian nobles, some of them in a violent manner, so that he had largely prevailed until 1308 against the Gegenprätendenten Otto of Bavaria.
Karl also had claims to the throne of the Kingdom of Naples, as his father was the eldest son of King Charles II of Naples. 1297 Karl but was excluded from the Pope, the overlord of Naples from the succession, yet he maintained his claims, even after 1309, his uncle Robert had ascended the throne in Naples.
The 1311 Bohemia came to power in John of Luxembourg rose as the successor Wenceslas a claim to the Hungarian and the Polish throne. This meant that Karl and Grand Duke Władysław I the Elbow- ally of Poland and Charles 1320 married the daughter of Wladyslaw. Previously Wladyslaw had united with the help of Charles Poland again under his rule and was also crowned King in 1320. In the 1320s, he finished in a series of campaigns, the power of the ruler of the, among the last Árpádenkönigen incurred Hungarian small kingdoms and set the central power restored. As a foundation, Charles was born in 1326 at St. George Order of Knights to tie the nobility itself. 1330 Charles was with his army defeated by the Vlachs under their prince Basarab I in the Battle of Posada and barely escaped with his life. However, the first Wallachia remained a dependent principality.
1333 came Charles with his uncle, King Robert of Naples, to settle net in the succession question in Naples. Charles's son Andras was the heiress Roberts, Johanna, married. 1335 Karl mediated a meeting of Wladyslaw son and successor, Casimir III. with John of Luxembourg in his residence Visegrád on the Danube. This meeting laid the foundation for the exchange of Silesia against Masovia in 1339 and a long-term alliance between Poland and Bohemia.
Also in 1339 put the childless Casimir III. Karl and his son Ludwig as the heirs of the Polish crown.
Charles I promoted targeting the mining and so sparked an economic boom from Hungary. In 1325 he let dominate the first Hungarian gold gulden.
Marriages and descendants
Charles was married three times, first with Maria ( † 1317 ), daughter of Duke Casimir II Beuthener After her death he married Beatrice of Luxembourg, daughter of the German Emperor Henry VII, who died in 1319. Both marriages were childless. His third wife was Elizabeth († 1380 ), daughter of the Polish king Władysław I the Elbow- with whom he married in 1320. This marriage produced the following:
- Louis the Great (* 1326, † 1382 ), King of Hungary and Poland
- Andrew ( * 1327, † 1345 murdered ), claimant to the throne of Naples
- Stephan (* 1332, † 1354 ), Duke of Slovenia, Croatia and Dalmatia