Chinatown

Chinatown ( German as " Chinatown " ) designated district outside of China, where most people of Chinese descent live and work. Chinese often choose the term Tangrenjie (唐人街; German: "Street of the Tang People ").

In the past, the term had a negative connotation, because in Chinatowns often prevailed hygienic and structural ills. Chinatowns are subject for a long time a conversion process. Assimilation of the Asian population in many countries, leading to the gentrification of the formerly unified district. Some Chinatowns are popular tourist destinations today.

3.11.1 Australia
3.11.2 Nauru

3.12.1 Peru
3.12.2 Cuba

3.13.1 Canada
3.13.2 United States

3.14.1 Morocco
3.14.2 South Africa

Historical development

As the oldest Chinese city district separate Shinchimachi apply in Nagasaki ( Japan), and Yaowarat Road in Bangkok ( Thailand), which established Chinese traders more than 200 years ago. The Chinatown in Melbourne (Melbourne Chinatown ) was established in 1854 during the Victorian gold rush, and is the longest continuously active Chinatown outside of Asia.

Immigration in other parts of the world from China accelerated in the 1860s with the entry into force of the Beijing Convention. The first immigrants came mainly from the coastal provinces of Guangdong and Fujian - where Cantonese, Min Nan ( Hokkien ), Hakka and Chaozhou ( Teochew, Chiu Chow ) are largely spoken - in the southeast of China. Initially, the Qing government of China did not care for these migrant social misfits, who left the country. They were considered socially undesirable and as a traitor to China.

Taischanesen and Cantonese first settled Chinatowns in North America (USA, Canada), Australia and Latin America (Cuba, Mexico, Peru). The American sociologist Min Zhou goes so far as to regard the western Chinatowns as a genuine American invention. In contrast to the classical Einwandervierteln, as in the contemplation Robert Ezra Park Chinatowns have become no transfer stations in the American melting pot, but would take and keep a long-term economic and sociological special position.

Cantonese remained the leading language and was the heritage of many Chinatowns in Western countries until the 1970s. As seen group, the Cantonese are linguistically and ethnically distinct from other groups in China different, with migrants who come mainly from the Siyi and Sanyi region, where different variations of the Cantonese are spoken. As a result of legislation in some countries, particularly in the U.S., where immigration of Chinese wives was due to the alleged Yellow Peril not allowed, the Chinatowns developed to a place dominated in the men and the male-female ratio was distorted in general. In Latin America, the Cantonese - speaking migrants arrived as coolies. They were preferably used in Peru in the guano fields in Cuba and on the sugar plantations, which publicly supported Chinatowns emerged.

The Hokkien and Teochew (both groups, the Minnan sub- group of Chinese dialects speak ) are common to the Cantonese are the dominant group in Southeast Asian Chinatowns, such as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Hakka built in Africa, for example Mauritius, in Latin America and the Caribbean Chinatowns. Chinese from the north settled in Korea in the 1940s on. In Europe, the first Chinese were seafarers and port workers. Because of this, there were the first Chinatowns there in port cities such as Hamburg, Germany. France has the largest portion of the first Chinese immigrants workers received, mainly from Wenzhou. Furthermore, there is also Chinatowns in the Indian cities such as Kolkata and Mumbai.

Since the mid- 1970s, a process has been used in Chinatowns, which led to significant changes and gentrification and tourist attractiveness in the neighborhoods. Immigrants from other parts of the Asian region move into the Chinese quarter, leading to a mixture of Asian ethnicities. Events such as the Vietnam War reinforced this trend. The Chinese majority population moved increasingly to a pan-Asian population, which was limited to the Chinese exiles embossing is partially lost.

Towards the end of the 20th century the number of start-ups of Chinatowns have fallen sharply. Chinatowns in Las Vegas (1990) and Seoul ( 2005) are the most recent major foundations.

Characteristics

Historical Chinatowns with large entrance gates ( Paifang ) that were built on the access roads and buildings and temples in traditional Chinese architecture are considered as the typical image of a city Chinatown. Most Chinatowns are the result of chaotic development, rarely districts, such as in Seoul, planned to be created. Traditionally, they reach a high population density and are socially, culturally and economically self-sufficient part of the rest of the city. Traditions, such as the Chinese New Year, language and religions will continue unchanged. In some cities, even bilingual road signs were introduced in Chinatowns. It is dominated by Asian restaurants, snack bars, shops and small industries. The informal sector is an important economic activity.

The social conditions are fundamentally different in the various cities, regions and continents. Nowadays causes an increasing assimilation that many districts lose their uniform Chinese characteristics and population. The result is a gentrification. Some Chinatowns have evolved into modern quarters with fully developed infrastructure and a strong economy, but equally there are many poor Chinatowns who suffer from devastating grievances. Tourism has many places greatly improved the quality of life in the neighborhoods. However, he also leads to distortion and artificial exaggeration of Asian accents.

Sydney

Manchester

Chinatowns worldwide

Belgium

In Belgium, there are currently three Chinatowns in the Belgian capital of Brussels and Antwerp. The Brussels Chinatown settled in between the stock market and the Place Sainte -Catherine.

Germany

In Germany there is no right Chinatown more, since the Nazis evacuated the small Chinese district of St Pauli and the inhabitants deported. The reconstruction of a Chinatown is planned. Hamburg has close relations with the People 's Republic of China, is also Shanghai 's sister city of Hamburg. Furthermore, there are plans of a Chinatown in Oranienburg near Berlin. The plans for this relate under this name also activities and potential residents with general Asian background with a.

France

Paris boasts of le plus grand quartier chinois ( the largest Chinatown) in Europe. Located in the 13th arrondissement, is the Quartier asiatique of Chinese, Vietnamese and Laotian merchants and residents. The range runs between the Avenue d' Ivry and the Avenue de Choisy, east of the Rue de Tolbiac. Of the inhabitants of Paris, this area is often referred to as Chinatown, although the residents actually mostly from former French colonies in Southeast Asia ( French Indochina ) originate. In addition to the large Chinatown in the 13th arrondissement, there are two smaller Asian Quarter:

In the third arrondissement, around rue des Gravilliers, there are very many Asian wholesalers ( fabrics, bags, clothes, jewelry ), which is why this neighborhood is also called Sentier chinois, (named after the center of the Parisian garment industry Sentier in the second arrondissement ). It is the oldest Chinatown in Paris.
In the district of Belleville in the 19th arrondissement, which is influenced by many different cultures, there is another Chinese quarter.

Great Britain

The London Chinatown is located in the district of Soho. In addition, Manchester has a significant Chinatown. Newcastle upon Tyne, Birmingham and Liverpool have also Chinatowns.

Italy

Italy has a rapidly growing Chinese minority. The country had a small Chinese minority since the Second World War, but the bulk of the current Chinese population arrived since the 1980s. Estimated 60,000 to 100,000 Chinese lived in Italy in 2005.

Rome has some small Chinatown districts; the fastest-growing Roman Chinatown is in Esquilino.

The Chinatown of Milan is around Via Paolo Sarpi.

The Chinatown in the city of Prato is the largest in Italy. Many first-generation immigrants to work in the clothing industry. The Italian term for Chinatown is roosts cinese, often also the English name Chinatown will be used.

Netherlands

Chinatown in Amsterdam is the oldest Chinatown in mainland Europe. 2010 celebrated the district its 100th anniversary.

Austria

In Austria there is no significant Chinatown. In Vienna, a large part of Asian shops and businesses, however, focused on the area in the vicinity of the Naschmarkt, and spread all over the city you will find around 300 Chinese restaurants with more or less authentic cuisine.

Serbia

The largest Chinatown is in the new part of Belgrade. In Novi Pazar, many Chinese traders are found. Serbian Chinatowns have no special name; the normal name is kinezi.

Hungary

In 1994, on the approximately 26 -acre site of MÁV, the Hungarian railway company, which is still the owner, the largest Asian market in Budapest. The early 1990s settled here in the Józsefváros ( Josefstadt ) Thousands of Chinese low that poured into the country after 1988. During this time, the proposal was during a routine consular conference of the Hungarian side expressed to abolish the visa regime between the countries, since they're two " friends states " the principal, between which existed hardly tourist and official delegation contacts. New markets - new myths: As descendants of Huns, Hungarians are actually Chinese in all these activities show migrants an incredible willingness to take risks. A Chinese saleswoman from Hong Kong came to Hungary in 1997, reported: " I knew nothing about Hungary before we came here I had not even heard of it, but my husband said it was a nice place, modern, clean and with. . running water. " News of lucrative destinations spreading fast, Cousin to cousin of snakehead to client. Reality and myth are blurred: Hungary and China, according to a widespread Maer were related. Not only would be presented in both countries the surname of the nickname - the Hungarians are descendants of the Huns actually Chinese. Usually, however, the decision for Hungary falls due to convinced finding there an under-served after decades of lack of market economy with good infrastructure and loose residency requirements. Between 1989 and 1992, 30,000 to 40,000 Chinese arrived in the Danube metropolis.

Asia

Japan

The oldest Chinatown is that of Nagasaki, which dates back to the 17th century. The other Chinatowns, v. alia in Yokohama and Kobe emerged after the port opening of Japan, when foreigners were allowed to settle only in certain assigned areas of the treaty ports.

Thailand

The most famous Chinatown of Thailand is of course those in the capital Bangkok. The district Samphanthawong forms along Yaowarat Road, New Road ( Thanon Charoen Krung ) and also the Sampheng Lane (now Soi Wanit 1) a large collection of shops, especially for gold and jewelry and evening seafood restaurants with fresh seafood and fish. The proportion of Chinese -descended people in the total population of Thailand is approximately 10-15%. The province with the highest percentage Chinese is supposed to Chanthaburi, about 180 kilometers east of Bangkok.

Australasia

Australia

Known Chinatowns are available in Sydney, Melbourne and Broome. But even in Darwin, Adelaide and other major towns there are small Chinatowns.

Nauru

The island nation of Nauru has a Chinatown when Aiue Boulevard in Aiwo.

Central and South America

Peru

Peru has a higher than average proportion of the population of Chinese origin, around 300,000 Abstämmige, mostly from Guangdong. Most of them live in the capital Lima. The Chinatown in Lima is known as the Barrio Chino and situated in the east of the historic city center, in the Barrios Altos neighborhood. The landmark of this area is the Chinese archway with subsequent pedestrian area with Chinese shops and restaurants.

A special development went through the Chinese food in Peru, which in contrast to the world's usual typical Chinese meals experienced a strong mixing with the existing Peruvian cuisine and new dishes brought forth. This kitchen is known as Chifa and today forms an integral part of the Peruvian gastronomy. Visitors from Lima are advised to consult an appropriate Chifa restaurant.

Cuba

The Barrio Chino Havana is centrally located near the Capitol around Calle Dragones. Although it is still characterized by an archway and some Chinese restaurants, it is not a particularly long Chinese embossed neighborhood more.

North America

In rich countries of North America, the majority of Chinese people has reached a high degree of social integration and usually also the rise of the middle class. The Chinatowns, which always lie in the centers of large cities, have lost by lack of space and by the rise in property prices its attractiveness as residential areas; Chinese families since the 1950s can be rather low in the suburbs. With its infrastructure of shops, restaurants, cultural institutions and churches, however, the Chinatowns form to this day centers of the North American Chinese social life.

Canada

In Canada, the Chinese are the largest visible ethnic minority. Major Chinatowns exist among others in Vancouver, Toronto and Montréal.

United States

The first major Chinese-American wave of immigration took place in the time of the California Gold Rush ( since 1848 ). In the port city of San Francisco, where the majority of Chinese migrants einreiste, the first Chinatown dates from this time on North American soil. As sojourners ( German: guest workers ') they were almost always without their wives and children they supported by remittances from America. From the beginning, the Chinese were exposed to a considerable xenophobia that led to mass expulsions during the economic slump of the 1870s and 1882 culminated in the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese for more than 60 years altogether. This development coincided with a displacement of Chinese workers from many sectors of the economy (agriculture, fisheries, light industry ) and their spatial segregation together: after the Chinese migrants had hitherto throughout the American West scattered lived and worked, they retreated - often under statutory compulsion - in the back of Chinatown. Looking for job opportunities, many went to the big cities in the eastern U.S., where now also Chinatowns were created. Segregation ended only in the second half of the 20th century, when immigration laws were liberalized 1943-1965 by little, could enter larger numbers of Chinese women and Chinese migrants were given the first opportunity to acquire American citizenship. The Chinatown of New York City, with around 666,000 inhabitants, is today the largest Chinese community outside Asia. At the same time created a broad Sino- American middle class, highly educated and equally high social and cultural assimilation. The majority of Chinese Americans now living in residential areas, as they are also preferred by the non-Asian middle class, such as in the suburbs of large cities. The Chinatowns with their beleaguered housing conditions and unfashionable today offer only a small minority of Chinese accommodation, which often do not speak English - many of them elderly poor. In addition, the Chinatowns serve - with its infrastructure of shops, restaurants, churches, theaters, cinemas, etc. - the Chinese- American community as an economic, cultural and social center for, the Chinese also those regularly who live in the suburbs. Play a role in the Chinatowns always as tourist attractions.

Chinatowns can be found in the United States among others in Honolulu, San Francisco, Oakland, Los Angeles, Stockton, Portland, Seattle, Houston, Chicago, Philadelphia, New York City, Boston, Baltimore, Washington, D. C., . Some Chinatowns in the United States have been abandoned in the last hundred years, as the Chinese quarter in Sacramento, San Diego, St. Louis, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, or Oklahoma City.

Africa

Morocco

The fastest growing Chinatown of the Arabic-speaking North Africa is the Quartier chinois in Derb Granny district of Casablanca. Many residents of this Chinatown work in textile wholesaler.

South Africa

Johannesburg has an old Chinatown on Commissioner Street. In the suburb of Cyrildene on Derrick Avenue, a newer Chinatown be found.

Pictures of Chinatown

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