Cichorieae

Solitary inflorescences of Agoseris aurantiaca

The Cichorieae are a tribe in plant sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The total distribution is almost worldwide, with an emphasis in the temperate zone of the Old World.

  • 3.1 Notes and references
  • 3.2 External links

Description

Appearance and leaves

The taxa of the tribe Cichorieae are herbaceous plants: one-to two -year or perennial; or there are woody plants: subshrubs, shrubs, rarely trees or vines. The plants usually contain latex.

The usually alternate and basal, or distributed on the stem arranged leaves are petiolate or sessile. The leaf margin is usually perforated to lobed, sometimes smooth or prickly, rarely strongly divided.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

The bloom conditions stand together in doldentraubigen to total paniculate inflorescences singly or in groups. The bracts are rare in one or two, usually in three to five rows. The axis (inflorescence bottom) of the flowers Körbchens is flat or concave.

In each flower heads are only hermaphrodite, fertile, zygomorphe ray florets. The petals are fused into a tube, which is formed up to a tongue, it has five corolla lobes, what can clearly be seen that the corolla tube is formed from five petals. The petals are usually yellow to orange, rarely blue or white. The pollen is sometimes dyed bright.

The fruit stand in a mostly identically shaped achenes usually have an early falling or stable pappus of scales or bristles.

System

The Tribe Cichorieae belongs to the subfamily of Cichorioideae within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The Tribe Cichorieae Lam. & DC. ( Syn: . Lactuceae Cass ) is in eleven subtribe with about 90 to 100 genera divided with about 1600-2300 species:

  • Subtribe Chondrillinae ( WDJKoch ) Lamotte: With three genera: Knorpellattiche ( Chondrilla L.): With about 30 species mainly in Central Asia, Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean.
  • Phitosia Kamari & Greuter, with only one type: Phitosia crocifolia ( Boiss. & Heldr. ) Kamari & Greuter
  • Kronenlattich ( Willemetia stipitata ( Jacq. ) Dalla Torre ): It is native to Europe.
  • Willemetia tuberosa fish. & C.A.Mey. ex DC. It occurs in the Caucasus, Azerbaijan and Iran.
  • Arnoseris Gaertn. With the only kind: Lambs lettuce ( Arnoseris minima (L.) Schweigg. & Korte )
  • Phalacroseris bolanderi A.Gray
  • Rothmaleria granatensis ( DC.) font cross-
  • Pudgy Bartpippau ( Tolpis crassiuscula Svent. ): It grows on rocks in Tenerife.
  • Zerschlitzter Bartpippau ( Tolpis laciniata ( Webb & Berthel Sch.Bip ex ) Webb.. ): It is resident in the Canary Islands.
  • Thrift hawkweed ( Tolpis staticifolia ( All. ) Sch.Bip. )
  • Doldiger Bartpippau ( Tolpis umbellata Bertol. )
  • Tolpis virgata Bertol.
  • Subtribe Crepidinae Dum. With 22 genera: Acanthocephalus Kar & Kir. With only two species.
  • Askellia WAWeber: With about 11 to 13 species in Central, Western Asia, Asia and northeastern North America.
  • Crepidiastrum Nakai: With about 14 to 20 species in Central Asia, East Asia and on the islands of Ogasawara- Gunto.
  • Pippau ( Crepis L.): With approximately 200 species in Eurasia, Africa and North America.
  • Dubyaea DC. With about 15 species in northern India, Bhutan, Nepal, northern Myanmar and southwestern China (12 species).
  • Faberia Hemsl. With about seven species in China.
  • Garhadiolus Jaub. & Spach: With about four species in Central and Western Asia.
  • Heteracia fish. & C. A. Mey. With the only kind: Heteracia szovitsii fish. & CAMey. Coming into South-Eastern Europe, Central and Western Asia before.
  • Heteroderis pusilla ( Boiss. ) Boiss.
  • Lagoseriopsis popovii ( Krasch. ) Kirp.
  • Common Rain cabbage ( Lapsana communis L.): With eight subspecies.
  • Spiroseris phyllocephala Rech.f.
  • Subtribe Hieraciinae Dum. With five genera: Andryala L.: With about 22 species.
  • Hawkweed ( Hieracium L.): With about 250 to 1000 species. With over 5000 apomictic taxa that have been described as small species or subspecies. They are widely used in Euro Asia, North Africa and in the New World.
  • Hispidella Lam. With the only kind: Hispidella hispanica Lam. It occurs only in Spain and Portugal.
  • Endivienhabichtskraut ( Schlagintweitia intybacea ( All. ) Gris; Syn. Hieracium intybaceum space. )
  • Subtribe Hyoseridinae Less: . With five genera: Aposeris Cass. With the only kind: Grove salad ( Aposeris foetida (L.) Less. )
  • Hyoseris scabra L.
  • Hyoseris lucida L.
  • Hyoseris frutescens Brullo & Pavone
  • Strahliger pork salad ( Hyoseris radiata L.)
  • Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth
  • Reichardia intermedia ( Sch. Bip. ) Samp.
  • Subtribe Hypochaeridinae Less: . With eight genera: Hedypnois Mill: With only two species in Europe, including: Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W. Schmidt
  • Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub: It occurs in the Mediterranean region.
  • Helminthotheca aculeata ( Vahl ) paint
  • Helminthotheca balansae ( Coss. & Durieu ) Paint: It occurs in North Africa.
  • Helminthotheca comosa ( Boiss. ) Holub
  • Soft -haired sulfur cosmos ( Urospermum dalechampii (L.) Scop. Ex FW Schmidt)
  • Bitter Herb sulfur cosmos ( Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. Ex FW Schmidt)
  • Subtribe Lactucinae Dum. With five genera: Chaetoseris C.Shih: With about 29 species.
  • Milchlattiche ( Cicerbita Wallr. ): Which species belong to this genus, and whether all of these types of the genus Lactuca L. are discussed controversially. With 20 to 30 species in Central, Western Asia and Europe.
  • Lettuces (Lactuca L.): With about 50 to 75 species mainly in Europe. Central, Western Asia and North America.
  • Melanoseris Decne. With about 50 to 75 species in Africa, Asia, the Himalayan region.
  • Notoseris C.Shih: With approximately eleven species in the Himalayan region, in China ten come before it.
  • Paraprenanthes C.Shih: With about 12 to 16 species in eastern Asia and Southeast Asia.
  • Stenoseris C.Shih: With about six species.
  • Subtribe Microseridinae Stebbins: With 22 genera: Agoseris Raf. With about twelve species.
  • Anisocoma Torr. & A. Gray: The only kind: Anisocoma acaulis Torr. & A. Gray
  • Atrichoseris platyphylla ( A. Gray ) A. Gray in A.Gray
  • Chaetadelpha wheeleri A. Gray ex S.Watson
  • Marshalljohnstonia gypsophila Henr.
  • Munzothamnus blairii ( Munz & IMJohnst. ) PHRaven
  • Pleiacanthus spinosus ( Nutt. ) Rydb.
  • Prenanthella exigua ( A. Gray ) Rydb.
  • Shinnersoseris rostrata ( A. Gray ) Tomb
  • Uropappus lindleyi ( DC.) Nutt.
  • Subtribe Scolyminae Less: . With four genera: Catananche L.: With about five ways, for example: Blue Rattle Flower ( Catananche caerulea L.): It occurs in the Mediterranean region.
  • Yellow rattle flower ( Catananche lutea L. ) It occurs in the Mediterranean region.
  • Gundelia tournefortii L.
  • Hymenonema graecum (L. ) DC.
  • Scolymus grandiflorus Desf.
  • Spanish gold thistle ( Scolymus hispanicus L.): It occurs in the Mediterranean region.
  • Gold spotted thistle ( scolymus L. maculatus ): It occurs in the Mediterranean region.
  • Subtribe Scorzonerinae Dum. Eleven genera: Avellara Blanca & C.Díaz, with only one type: Avellara fistulosa ( Brot. ) Blanca & C.Díaz
  • Geropogon hybridus (L.) Sch.Bip.
  • Lasiospora hirsuta ( Gouan ) Cass.
  • Pterachaenia stewartii ( Hook. f ) R.R.Stewart
  • Takhtajaniantha pusilla ( Pall. ) Nazarova
  • Tourneuxia variifolia Coss.
  • Subtribe Warioniinae Gemeinholzer & N.Kilian, with only one genus: Warionia Benth. & Coss. The only kind: Warionia saharae Benth. & Coss. It occurs only in the north-western border of the Sahara.

Swell

  • Zhu Shi, Xuejun Ge, Norbert Kilian Jan Kirschner Jan Stepanek, Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Günter God Schlich: Tribe Cichorieae. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0, pp. 195-257. , PDF file online ( Section Description and systematics).
  • Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother: Asteraceae, tribe Cichorieae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: unranked, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 ( Mutisieae - Anthemideae ), Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9, pp. 214-256. Registered as text printed work.
  • Ingrid Schoenfelder, Peter Schoenfelder: Cosmos Atlas Mediterranean and Canary Islands flora. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06223-6.
  • Werner Greuter: Compositae (per parte majore ): Cichorieae. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab - Straube ( Eds.): Compositae. Euro Med Plant Base - the information resource for Euro - Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006-2009.
Asterids Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Augustin Pyramus de Candolle Liana Raceme Pappus (flower structure) Tolpis barbata New Zealand Scolymus maculatus Agricultural Research Service
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