DebraÄ
Debraď ( until 1927 slovak " Debrač "; Hungarian Debrőd - in the 19th century Jászódebrőd ) is a municipality in eastern Slovakia with 376 mostly Hungarian-speaking population (as of 31 December 2011). It is located in Okres Košice - okolie kraj part of Košice.
Geography
The community is located about 20 kilometers west of the city of Košice and about twelve kilometers north of the border with Hungary. The almost 24 km ² large municipality covers the easternmost section of the Slovak Karst and extends east to the river valley on the Bodva from ( district Hatiny ). The nucleus is situated on a plateau above the Bodvatal which partly steep, partly terraced slopes to the east. The clearing Debraď island is surrounded by wooded heights ( Lipová hora 376 m nm, koncový košiar 463 m nm, Vápenný vrch 478 m nm). East of the Bodva the terrain is flat. It is dominated by arable land, but also of mixed forests.
A special feature are the five caves in the immediate vicinity of Debraď - all located on steep karstic west bank of the Bodva. The most famous is the Jossauer Cave ( Cave Jasovska ), already in the municipality of Jasov.
Neighboring communities of Debraď are Jasov in the north, Rudnik in the northeast, Panovce in the east, Mokrance the southeast, Moldava nad Bodvou in the south, Drienovec the southwest, Turňa Bodvou in the west and Hacava ( point of contact ) and Medzev ( point of contact ) to the northwest.
History
1255 appeared Debraď first time in a deed of the Premonstratensian monastery Jasov as Debragh on, under whose rule the village with interruptions until 1848 remained. In the 14th century, farmers settled from the near Moldava, who brought the wine cultivation. From 1436 reported Nádasdi István László and Hangoni, the lords of the castle Tornau to claim ownership of lands in and around Debraď, which two years later transpose with their sons, by appropriating to Raubritterart forests, fields and meadows. It was not until 1447 Debraď returned to the possession of the monastery Jasov. In the following decades, the ownership changed under the regional landed gentry still quite common. During the uprising against the Habsburgs and a rampant plague many residents left the village Debraď. After the expulsion of the Turks in 1715, the village of the southern Hungarian peasants from the area around Szeged was repopulated, still speak their descendants the Szeged dialect. The first Roman Catholic school was opened in 1734. In 1828 there were 657 inhabitants in Debraď in 93 houses, for 1851 659 purely Catholic inhabitants were called. 1866, the municipality was expanded to include some areas east of the Bodva. In 1900 the population of the village had risen to 724. A major fire destroyed large parts of the village in 1911. During reconstruction Debraď got a new water supply and disposal system.
In World War I soldiers from nine Debraď perished. Another 14 villagers lost in 1918 during fighting on the ground their lives, when the village was occupied by troops of the Hungarian Soviet Republic under Béla Kun. Under the provisions of the Treaty of Trianon Debraď part of Czechoslovakia. After the First Vienna Award of the village between 1938 and 1945 belonged to Hungary again. The winding road of Debraď down to the hamlet Hatiny at the Bodva was built in 1939. On Maundy Thursday in the church tower struck by lightning 1944wurde, four died as believers, more than ten were injured.
After the end of World War II, the Hungarian school had to close. Many residents left Debraď towards Hungary, some were deported for forced labor to the Czech Republic. Only in 1948 ended the political ostracism and persecution of Hungary.
1950 also began in Debraď the collectivization of agriculture. In the following years, some infrastructure projects were successfully completed. These included the new community center (1977 ), the paving of all roads (1988 ) and the new water supply ( 1993). In 2000, a lime kiln was opened in the district Hatiny, which continues the old craft tradition of lime burning in the place, but the limestone concerns from nearby quarries.
Population
According to the results of the 2001 census lived in Debraď 391 inhabitants, of which 69% of Hungarians and 30% of Slovaks. 88.7 % of residents pleaded with the Roman Catholic Church.
Attractions
- Roman Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul ( Farský kostol sv. Apostolov Petra a Pavla ) on the northeast edge of the village
- Spring St. Ladislaus, said to have been freigescharrt according to legend by the hoof of the horse of St. Ladislaus, as his army was about to die of thirst. Near the source was formerly a church, now a place of pilgrimage, a grove with a sculpture of Ladislaus
- Chapel of the Holy Trinity ( Kaplnka svatej Trojice )
Economy and infrastructure
An important source of income is in Debraď for many generations agriculture - especially the livestock. In addition to forestry and the service sector, the lime kiln plays an important role. Some residents commute to the nearby cities of Moldava nad Bodvou and Košice.
In Debraď there is a kindergarten, a primary school, a library and a small grocery store.
Thanks to the east of the district Debraď leads the provincial road 550, which provides access to the upper Bodvatal of Medzev after Moldava nad Bodvou. There is connection to the highway 50 (also part of the European Route 58) from Košice to Bratislava Rožňava. After Medzev and Moldava nad Bodvou Regular bus services. Parallel to the main road 550 runs since 1894, the single-track railway line Moldava nad Bodvou - Medzev with a breakpoint in the district Debraďer Hatiny. However, this route carries since 2003 have ceased passenger service.