József Szén

József SZEN [ jo ː se ː ʒɛf n] ( born July 9, 1805 in Pest, † January 13, 1857 ) was a Hungarian chess master.

Life

SZEN, a professional archivist, learned the game of chess in the cafes of Pest (now Budapest). 1830/31 he won the championship of the café worm plague and was soon thereafter as Philidor Hungary. In the years 1836-1839 SZEN undertook a European tour that took him to France, England and Germany. He took the opportunity to stage the strongest chess players of these countries competitions and opportunity games. His tour and its affiliated successes were increasing his fame in Europe chess players. In 1836 he defeated Louis -Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais in Paris in a default match 13-12 ( 13, -12, = 0) ( SZEN received Bauer and train set ). In April 1839 SZEN stayed a few days in Berlin and challenged himself with the strongest players of the Berlin Chess Club: the match against Paul Rudolph of Bilguer he lost, Carl Mayet won two of three games and held the third draw. Tassilo von der Lasa Heydebrand and lost the first two games and won the third; Ludwig Bledow lost the first and won the second game.

SZEN 1839 belonged to the founders of the Pest chess clubs (this was provisionally a temporary collaboration in coffee ), the campaigner was also the Hungarian composer Ferenc Erkel, a strong player, the SZEN even defeated in individual lots.

The Pest chess club was led by SZEN, Johann Jacob Loewenthal and Vince Grimm, as has been in the years 1842 to 1845, a then widely acclaimed correspondence match against Paris, led by chess masters Pierre Saint -Amant, aligned. The victory of Pest 2-0 at that time was a sensation. The defense applied by the Pestern in her black game into chess theory as a Hungarian defense.

In 1851 SZEN by Howard Staunton was invited to the first international chess tournament in the history of chess to London, which took place during the World Expo. SZEN was fifth and proved with this excellent result, which was his biggest success in his career, his world class. SZEN had Lospech in this tournament. Already in the second round he met the eventual champions Adolf Anderssen whom he defeated with 2:4. This estimated the skill level Széns so high that before the competition led to an agreement between the two, after which the winner should deliver the loser one-third of his future prize money.

On the return trip from London SZEN met in April 1852 at the Vienna Café Nine in various Viennese chess player. From 20 played between SZEN Ernst and Falk Beer games won every nine and two were undecided. 1853 lost SZEN in London against Daniel Harrwitz with 1,5:3,5 ( 1, -3, = 1). Some written by him playoffs (mainly pawn endings ) found their way to the chess literature.

Chess composition

The following is a famous study of his compositions, whose position had been considered for a long time as a draw and in which he was able to prove that the right of the suit is crucial and that the first player wins.

Solution: 1 ♔ e2! ♚ ♚ d7 2 ♔ f3 c6 3 ♙ a4 ♟ h5 4 ♙ c4 f5 ♟ 5 ♔ ♚ g3 b6 6 ♙ b4 ♟ g5 7 ♙ a5 a6 † ♚ 8 ♙ c5 ♟ h4 † 9 ♔ h3 variants: 9 ... c6 ♙ ♟ f4 10 f3 11 ♟ ♙ b5 † ♚ a7 12 ♙ c7 ♟ g4 † 13 ♔ XG4 ♟ f2 14 ♙ c8 f1 ♛ ♕ ♟ 15 ♙ b6 # 9 ... b5 10 ♚ ♔ h2 ♟ g4 11 ♔ ♔ g1 g2 ♟ f4 12 f3 13 ♟ ♔ ♔ f2 ♟ h3 14 g3, etc., with profit The solution history contains numerous deviations that are themselves worth a further considered separately.

The characterized by the two wing -insulated farmhouse phalanxes with reclining king starting position is not, as one might suspect, determined by mutual zugzwang, but by far the opposition of the two kings.

Because of the material used counts above study on the pawn endings and there to the so-called three -peasant problems that are already been the subject of extensive mathematical studies partly chess with computer support.