Kalyazin
Kalyazin (Russian Калязин ) is a city in the Russian Tver Oblast. It has 13,867 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ) and is located at the Uglich Reservoir in the headwaters of the Volga River, 25 km southeast of the nearest town of Kashin, 44 km southwest of Uglich and 175 km north-east of the regional center of Tver.
History
Kalyazin emerged later than in the 15th century, making it one of the oldest cities in the Tver region. His first record comes from records of the year 1434, in which Kalyazin is named as the founding place later known as " Holy Trinity Monastery " known hermitage. The place name, originally known as Koljasin, comes, according to some local historian one of the Finno -Ugric languages where kala kola and literally means "fish". Thus, there might have been at the site of the present Kalyazin in the Middle Ages a fishing village.
From the 15th until the 17th century the village was known primarily as a possession of the Holy Trinity monastery. 1466 visited Tver merchant Afanassi Nikitin on his way to India the monastery. Until the 17th century, the former monastery village developed into a larger settlement, the same combined several villages on both banks of the Volga in itself. In the 18th century gained here with organized twice yearly fairs increasingly the commercial importance. As a result Kalyazin was built after the model of a city, which, among other public parks and promenades Volga emerged.
1775 received Kalyazin finally by decree of Catherine the Great, the city rights and was capital of the eponymous Ujesd ( county ). In the 19th century the trade in Kalyazin experienced its heyday, also came here at that time numerous workshops as well as the first industry, most notably shipbuilding and felt boots production.
After the political upheaval in the wake of the October Revolution Kalyazin lost its importance as a commercial -influenced city.
As industrialization policy under Stalin from 1935 to 1940 near Kalyazin built a new hydropower plant. For this, the Volga was dammed in this area, leading to the destruction of parts of the historic Kaljasiner urban area. In particular, the former Trinity Monastery was flooded, including all church buildings and disappeared completely under the water of the Uglich Reservoir. The same thing happened with the 1800 built Nicholas Cathedral. Only the bell tower is still preserved as a ruin, and stands on a small island in the lake. The unusually, almost middle standing in the water tower is now regarded as the main attraction Kaljasins.
Demographics
Note: Census data
Economy and infrastructure
As one of the ancient Russian cities Kalyazin is primarily a tourist destination. Industry there is a relatively small extent; represented are the shoe and textile industries, but also mechanical engineering.
Kalyazin has a boat landing on the Volga River and is the crossroads of several highways, including the R104 according to Sergiev Posad. Through the town the railway line runs Moscow ( Savyolovsky Station ) - Kimry - Saint Petersburg (not to be confused with the Moscow - Petersburg high-speed line ), branches off from the here a branch line to Uglich. On Kalyazin - Passaschirski central train station stop, both commuter and long-distance trains.