Klingon language
- Constructed language Fictional language
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Tlh
Tlh
Klingon (proper name: tlhIngan Hol [ t͡ɬɪŋɑn xol ] ) is a constructed language that was founded in 1984 by Marc Okrand, created on behalf of the film company Paramount for the Klingons, an alien species in the Star Trek movies. With foreign nations in science fiction films spoke mostly a meaningless gibberish, but the producers of Star Trek wanted to use a "real" language with a realistic background, so that the use in the various films is mutually consistent. Fans of the series, but also linguists, picked up the language and began to learn to speak and active. The Klingon Language Institute ( KLI ) is concerned with the conservation, protection and dissemination of language. As a standard work and the basis of the grammar applies authored by Okrand Dictionary The Klingon Dictionary.
- 2.1 Vocabulary
- 2.2 grammar
- 2.3 font
- 2.4 dialects
- 4.1 Star Trek Movies
- 4.2 Other Movies 4.2.1 correct Klingon
- 4.2.2 hints or imitations
Formation
Reality
The first Klingon terms in 1979 for the first Star Trek movie of James Doohan, the actor Scotty proposed. As for the film Star Trek III: The Search for Spock Klingon further dialogues were needed, Marc Okrand was instructed to draw up the language. He walked out of the first terms in the year 1979. In order to give the language a strange sound as possible, Okrand decorated it with many tongue twisters. Since it is a warlike people with the Klingons, and their usage is correspondingly harsh. On arrival they say (if anything at all ) nuqneH, literally, what do you want? ' Means. The only known expression to say goodbye, is Qapla ', which translates as ' success' means. Marc Okrand is in close contact with the KLI and its members. He gives them at irregular intervals new vocabulary known.
CBS or its subsidiaries as a publishing house Simon & Schuster have the copyright on the official dictionaries and the canonical language description. Your entitlement to the language itself is being questioned, but has not yet been the subject of litigation.
The registered with the IANA language code for the Klingon language is "i- klingon ", the ISO 639-2 code is " tlh ". Klingon is, therefore, recognized as a real language.
Fiction
On the Klingon homeworld, the planet Qo'noS (Kronos ), existed until the establishment of the Empire by the mythical founder Kahless different ethnic groups and different languages. As part of the agreement grew out of the need to communicate, the tlhIngan Hol. Ancient forms of the Klingon language but preserved as no ' Hol ( language of the ancestors ') in the ceremonial language in songs and classic stories, especially true in the Klingon opera. In such a case, the passages in no ' Hol must be memorized by the celebrant and performers, as they would otherwise be understood by living today Klingons no longer or only in a wrong sense.
After the incident on the planet Genesis (see Star Trek III: The Search for Spock ) was a Klingon named, Maltz ' captured by Captain Kirk. This Klingon lives in captivity and betrays the Federation regularly new Klingon words. His reticence is the reason why many words are still unknown.
Language
Vocabulary
As the words were originally created for use only in the movies, there are many terms that rarely apply in everyday life, such as for " Phaser ", " spaceship" or "planet". For the same reason, there is a large deficit in everyday terms that were not used in the film, such as " refrigerator ", " key " or " diapers ".
Overall, the Klingon language contains 90 prefixes and suffixes, as well as about 1960 root words. Included are 60 proper names, 25 planets, 40 fictitious names of animals, almost 100 Star Trek - specific terms and 42 transcribed earthly food and country names. Thus, there are basically only just under 1700 basic words, however, are defined by the ability of the composition and also the use of suffixes to a total of approximately 3000 possible terms. 1985 1997 in the sequel ( Klingon Advanced ) 800 and in the following years were in the first dictionary about 1500, in the enlarged edition in 1992 an additional 300, given in various sources again about 400 words known. This includes only those recognized as Canon sources that come directly from Marc Okrand. The formation of new meanings can be illustrated on the basic word chen " result ": chenmoH " form " → chenmoHwI ' " creator " → Hew chenmoHwI ' " sculptor ". Creations are accepted here, to a certain degree even without canonical use permitted and by the general public as long as the meaning is clear.
The words are based on no earthly language, but the author of various word games has served to invent a Klingon word. So the word for " neighbor" JIL has the background that Okrands neighbor Jill called. The word for " fish " is Ghoti ', in reference to the pun Ghoti. The word for boot - boot in English - is DaS, as in the film title to read the boat.
Grammar
Since this language was developed for an alien race, the linguist Marc Okrand has endeavored to provide them with a particularly exotic character. For this, the rare linguistic properties were used, such as the very rare set position object - predicate - subject and the use of prefixes and suffixes (see agglutinative languages).
In Klingon, there are only three parts of speech: verbs, nouns, and " everything else". Adjectives fall under this verbs and be translated as, ... be ', such as tIn be great '.
The structure of the Klingon is very much similar to a modular system. Sets are composed of many individual parts in a ( mostly) immutable order given. The Klingon knows neither conjugation nor declination. There is also no different tenses and any products.
Font
To avoid the phonetic spelling of the IPA system and to facilitate the presentation by conventional means, the Klingon language is represented with the help of latin letters. These represent a specially developed for the Klingon language phonetics, which explains why some of the letters are written in the middle of the word as a capital letter.
There was never an "official" Klingon font, so that inconsistencies in the film set can be avoided. In The Klingon Dictionary states that had very little is known about the Klingon script, except that it is called pIqaD. Very well known is the so-called almond font, the 1980 book The USS Enterprise Officer 's Manual was presented. However, this was associated with the English alphabet and is therefore not compatible with Okrands phonetics.
KLI has since its inception in 1992, used a Klingon font in its quarterly journal, which is based on the visible characters in the movies, but not identical. The exact source of these characters is not clearly known, or at least they existed before the foundation of the KLI. Just this writing in 2011 ( a spaceship - type) used in the publication of the Klingon Monopoly, in a Klingon language learning software and in 2012 published a book on the Klingon Bird of Prey. Therefore, this font set can now be regarded as official, even if it is not used in the films.
Dialects
The while the films badly pronounced scenes and unintentional grammatical errors are subsequently explained as follows in the book Klingon for the Galactic Traveler ( Klingon advanced) as dialects and slang: A " standard Klingon " the dialect of the current ruler, is considered the ta ' tlhIngan Hol ( short: ta ' Hol) is called (literally, Klingon of the Emperor '). Since frequent change of power for the Klingon culture are characteristic of the dialect of the ruler changes repeatedly. For comparative purposes linguistically finds the Klingon dialect, which is spoken in the capital city of Qo'noS, as the standard use.
Number of speakers
The Chairman of the KLI, Lawrence M. Schoen, and the linguist Arika Okrent estimate that there are about 20 to 30 people who speak Klingon fluently. There would probably " more than two thousand " people who know at least one or two words in Klingon. The problem with an estimate is the definition of when someone can speak a language fluently.
Use
Klingon was originally developed only for the movies and used there. An everyday conversation in Klingon quickly reaches the borders of the limited vocabulary of nearly 3,000 words. Fans like to use the language in the context of the role play (see Cosplay ) and at conventions to breathe more authenticity to their characters. In language courses Klingon is practiced and spoken (→ qepHom ), but also language researchers and students concerned with the subject and create eg Dissertations on the subject of Klingon or its users. There are regular mentions and small uses in various media.
Star Trek Movies
Klingon was spoken in the following movies:
- Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979 )
- Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (1984 )
- Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (1989 )
- Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991 )
- Star Trek: Generations (1994 )
- Star Trek (2009)
- Star Trek Into Darkness (2013 )
Other Movies
Correct Klingon
- Daddy Day Care (2003)
- Richard coward ( " Faintheart " ) (2008 )
- Paul - An alien on the run (2011)
Hints or imitations
- Fanboys (2009)
- Garden State (2004)
- Emergency Room (TV series, 2004)
- Kill Bill - Volume 1 (2003)
TV series
- Star Trek: The Next Generation
- The Simpsons
- How I Met Your Mother
- NCIS
- Chuck
- The Big Bang Theory
Literary translations
The limited vocabulary of the language can be translations of literary works to a limited extent. Thus, for instance, a translation of Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland in the Klingon not be created (as opposed to other artificial languages such as Esperanto or Volapük ), as many words necessary for this are not available. Even the often described incorrectly as complete Bible translation project is stopped at this hurdle. Other projects do not require rare reformulations in the translation. For example, the word "sun" in Klingon Hamlet paraphrased as " day star" ( pemHov ) because at the time was known still no word for it. New vocabulary by Okrand are occasionally provided for new projects.
- Shakespeare
- Gilgamesh
Other projects
- Opera 'u'
- Opera juHrop
- Internet
- Software
Trivia
- According to the Guinness Book of World Records 2006 Klingon is the most common language of its kind
- The German music cabaret artist Bodo Wartke sings in his " love song " a verse in Klingon.
- In Esperanto Museum in Vienna there to listen through headphones Klingon text examples from the Papyri.
- In the Australian Jenolan Caves is since 2010 the audio guide in addition to 10 other languages also available in Klingon.
- The U.S. politician David Waddell wrote his letter of resignation from a city council office in North Carolina in the Klingon language.