Lactarius subdulcis
Sweet- Book - Milchling ( Lactarius subdulcis )
The Sweetish beech Milchling or Sweetish Milchling ( Lactarius subdulcis ) is a species of fungus in the family Täublingsverwandten ( Russulaceae ). It's a pretty small Milchling with whitish to cream- yellow, steady milk, the sweet mild and often tastes slightly bitter at first. The hat is dull reddish-brown, the hat skin dry and ripped the hat brim coarse. Also typical is the whitish and brownish- groomed stem base and the smell of leaf bugs. The Milchling usually grows relatively late in the year under Book and is edible.
- 5.1 Infra Generic Systematics
- 8.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat is first curved 3-7 cm wide and in young fruit bodies, later expanded and then depressed. In the middle of the hat often has a more or less distinct papilla. The hat color ranges from dull brown to maroon, ocher - buff to dirty orange brown, often the hat is also hygrophanous something and tends auszublassen from the edge. Then he is colored cinnamon to brownish ocher and has sometimes a more meat brownish tone. The hat skin is even in the rain and wet weather, not slimy, but acts like grease. Dry it is almost radially tuberculate to rugose or slightly furrowed - pitted matt to feinsamtig and in older specimens. The edge is often flat and roughly serrated, with the grooving is usually formed only weak
The moderately crowded lamella are lighter than the hat, pale cream- colored to pale flesh-colored and often have brownish spots. At the age they are also to cinnamon reddish flesh.
The stem is 5-7 cm long and about 1 cm thick. It is similar to the hat but usually more brightly colored. He is more zimtbräunlich yellowish brown to pale. Below the fins and on the stem base it is usually lighter in color, so that the stem tip is colored yellowish- cream fleischockerlich and the stem base appears groomed whitish brown. The stem base is often covered by a yellow-brown, felt-like mycelium.
The milk is watery - whitish or whey -like and does not change its color on a white paper handkerchief. The fruiting body smells ( sweet and rancid ) after leaf bugs. Some authors describe the smell as rubbery or the Kartoffelbovist remembering. The meat tastes mild, but often has a distinctly bitter aftertaste. The spore powder is whitish.
Microscopic characteristics
The broadly elliptic to roundish spores are on average 7.4 to 8.2 microns long and 6.2-6.7 microns wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and spore width) is 1.1-1.3. The spores ornament is up to 1.5 microns high and consists of more or less numerous, coarse warts and ridges, which are mostly connected to each other like a net. The Hilarfleck is inamyloid or in the outer part irregularly amyloid.
The clavate basidia are 32-54 microns long and 10-12 microns wide and usually wear four, but sometimes only two sterigmata. The spindle-shaped to pfriemförmigen Cheilomakrozystiden are numerous and 23-36 microns long and 3.5-7.5 microns wide. The spindle-shaped Pleuromakrozystiden are sparse and 33-90 microns long and 5-10 microns wide.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a Oedotrichoderm and consists of ascending, more or less cylindrical hyphae that are 20-50 microns long and 3.5-4.5 microns wide. Below are 6-12 microns wide, oblong to oval cells.
Artabgrenzung
The Sweetish Milchling is characterized by the following features: It has a reddish brown hat with a greasy appearing in moisture hat skin, a watery whitish, mild to bitter milk and a more or less distinct bugs smell. He also grows under beech trees.
The Milchling can be confused with a number braunhütiger Milkcaps:
- The camphor - Milchling ( Lactarius camphoratus ) has a similar red-brown, slightly hygrophanen hat that something ausblasst during drying. It can be easily distinguished by the Maggi smell, which occurs especially when dried mushroom.
- The may also like reddish brown Milchling ( Lactarius rufus) has a distinctly pungent-tasting milk and is found in the coniferous forest.
- The usually pale brownish flutter Milchling ( Lactarius tabidus ) also has a watery white milk, but turns clear sulfur yellow on a white paper. The meat tastes only mildly and then clearly sharp.
- Even the closely related oak Milchling ( Lactarius quietus ) is similar and also smells of leaf bugs. [Note 1 ] It has a more matte, non hygrophanen and often slightly zoned hat and a cream- yellowish milk that tastes bitter, more or less mild and in the aftertaste. The Milchling always comes before under oaks.
Very difficult to distinguish are the Milkcaps from the section Mitissimi
- The mildness Milchling ( Lactarius aurantiacus ) has an orange-brown, smooth, ungezonten hat and a barely perceptible, little characteristic odor.
- Very similar is the Orangefuchsige Milchling (L. fulvissimus ), which has a bright orange brown hat and not reticular - ridged spores.
- Also confusingly similar to the Rotgegürtelte wrinkle - Milchling ( Lactarius rubrocinctus ), which has a bitter- sharpening Royal flesh and microscopically distinguished by the Huthautanatomie.
Ecology
The Sweetish Milchling is at least in central Europe a strict mycorrhizal fungus of red beech. It is a characteristic species of native beech forests, which, together with its host but can also occur in deciduous tree, oak mixing, pines and spruce- fir forests. He comes almost before on all soils, preferably, however, moderate to clearly fresh, medium subtle and neutral soils, which can be slightly acidic to slightly alkaline but. One finds the fruiting bodies rarely on "naked" soils, but almost always in decomposing leaf litter of beech.
The fruiting bodies appear quite late in the year usually from September to November. The peak season is September and October.
Dissemination
The Sweetish Milchling comes in North Asia ( Western and Eastern Siberia, Japan, Korea), North America (Canada, USA, Mexico), in Jamaica, in North Africa (Morocco ) and Europe. The European area substantially equal to the area of distribution of beech. The species is temperat to sub-Mediterranean and comes in Western Europe from France to the Shetland Islands, in southern Europe from Spain to Bulgaria and to the north across the southern Fennoscandia before. In Eastern Europe, Milchling in Ukraine and Slovakia has been demonstrated.
In Germany the Sweetish Milchling among the most common Lingen milk and is widely used by the Danish border to the northern Alps and often almost everywhere. Only in the rather dry, continental embossed areas it is rare. In Austria and Switzerland it is widespread and common.
System
The Sweetish beech Milchling was first described in 1801 by Christian Hendrik Persoon subdulcis as Agaricus. 1821 introduced him to the British botanist and pharmacologist Samuel Frederick Gray in the genus Lactarius, so he got his today valid name. The Latin epithet " subdulcis " might be translated as fairly sweet. It derives from the Latin prefix sub ( something pretty ) and the adjective " dulcis " (sweet) from. It refers to the slightly sweet taste of the milk.
Infra Generic Systematics
The Sweetish Milchling is placed in the section Subdulces. The members of this section have a blunt, smooth hat surface with dull reddish brown to pale brown colors. The milk turns not on white paper.
Importance
The Sweetish Milchling is edible and is valued by some fungal friends well. Usually it is only recommended as a mixed mushroom. If you want to eat larger quantities of this Milchling, you should boil it better before cooking.