List of Russian rulers
The list of Russian rulers includes all the rulers of the Russian Empire and its predecessor states of 862 by the year 1917, when the monarchy was ended by a revolution. From 1478 was the ruler Tsar name, which was also the title of Keeper of the Byzantine throne.
- 4.1 Czar of Russia
- 4.2 Emperor of Russia
Capital Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod is one of the oldest cities of Russia (founded 859) and was developed by the Varangian prince Rurik, the founder of the first East Slavic empire, ruled 862-879. Novgorod was already in the medieval kingdom of Kievan Rus a large center with more than ten thousand inhabitants. The social structure consisted of three layers: rich merchants and bankers ( the same landowners ) were at the head, ordinary merchants were representatives of the middle layer; Artisans and laborers belonged to the lower segment of the population. Novgorod was in the Middle Ages alongside Konstantin Opel is the only city in Europe in which could read and write not only the nobility and the clergy, but also the ordinary people of what is now among other things, over 1000 during archaeological excavations found, written on birch bark letters ( as called birch-bark documents ) testify, the story of everyday life in the medieval city. In Novgorod flourished at the time of trade and culture. So had a famous icon painters such as Andrei Rublev and Theophanes the Greek. The Norwegian king Olav Tryggvason, I., Olav II Haraldsson, Magnus I., Harald III. sought refuge in Novgorod often when danger threatened. Olav Tryggvason and I. Magnus I. spent her childhood and youth here and had his life a close connection to the city.