Lower Harz Pond and Ditch System
In the resin ( in the field of counties resin and Mansfeld- South Harz ), many traces of water found from the time of mining and metallurgy. In addition to water-bearing ditches and ponds also long-abandoned trenches and dry ponds exist. The Lower Harz Pond and grave system. Its unique historical collection of related part, the Lower Harz Water Regale, it is in the middle of the Lower Harz, entirely on the territory of today's Harzgerode. The article essentially describes this part of the Lower Harz Pond and grave system.
- 5.1 Notes and references
Magnitude and extent
In the middle Unterharz between Neudorf, Silberhütte, Strassberg, Big Auersberg and upper Lude found the only historically grown mining water management system of the Lower Harz. The geographical and climatic conditions of the Lower Harz ( leeward ) owed, the systems never reached the Big comparable systems in the Upper Harz and Erzgebirge. The curled river basins are primarily the source areas and the headwaters of small mountain streams. Parts of the plants can be dated back to the year 1320. For this system of ditches, ponds florets and the name had Lower Harz Pond and grave system imprinted, which is more precise than the older name Straßberger pond and grave system.
In the entire resin there was something 300 ponds. Of these, 36 were larger mining ponds having a total storage capacity of 2.6 million cubic meters had .. The ponds in the catchment area of the silver Hütter Art trench there were about 40 % of the storage capacity of all the Lower Harz ponds. Here were 25 ponds, most of it is covered up today. They now serve in part as a drinking water reservoir.
All parts of mining water, no matter what state, were found in 1991 as a conservation area under protection. Here, the least since 1976 already in common use for the system of the middle Unterharz term Lower Harz Pond and grave system has been extended by the State Office of Historic Monuments and Archaeology Saxony -Anhalt to the entire Anhalt Harz. Some time later, Lower Harz Water Regale was coined for the historically belong together in the middle part of the Lower Harz term.
History
Prehistory
The mining industry in Straßberger area existed since at least 1438, and possibly since 1279th The first smelter for silver has been demonstrated for the period from 1511 to 1566. First water management facilities in Rödelbachtal are detected from this period. Already in the second half of the 16th century, the near-surface ore deposits were exploited and mining came to a virtual standstill. In the Thirty Years' War, mining was then set completely.
The water of the Straßberger coalfield was at that time still at the level of the year 1610. Besides the Rödel Bachgraben existed between the village crispness Rödel Bachgraben and rafts. There were also two ponds, the Countess founder Pond and Lower Pond Kilian.
1693 - 1755
It was not until 1663 led to the formation of new unions and the presumption of some mines. Until re- silver ore was expanded, took another seven years.
1701 took over coming Georg Christoff of Utterodt, from Ilmenau, the post of Straßberger mountain captain. He united all the pits for a " big union " with 1024 mining shares. Farms were now under the direction Utterodts the main pits blessing of God, God's help, God helps certain confidence (later renamed mine Glasebach ) to God, even the neighbor transitions as well as the pits of Hayn and Schwenda. There were also traveling, art and production wells. Utterodt 1703-1704 was the shingle Brücher trench art from the Countess founder pond build rotting puddles pond. By 1707 six Artificial ponds were added with approximately 380,000 m³ of storage space as well as two other art trenches. The shingle Brücher art could ditch after construction supply all Straßberger ponds with water and is the oldest art ditch the Lower Harz Pond and grave system. He also left the hut tunnels, a deep tunnels, push the Selke valley out to the mine water of the pits Getreuer Bergmann, God certainly helps, and Good luck to solve Zum Schwarzen deer. The Straßberger area was under the leadership of Utterodts 1704 the most important mining area in the resin. Funding problems occurring from 1707, the union was dissolved in 1708 on the Straßberger Gewerkentag under the leadership of Johann Jeremias Gründler ( 1681-1753 ) and Jacob Waitz. Around 1709 ended Utterodts activity in Strassberg.
Christian Zacharias Cook took over in 1712 the post of mine director in Strassberg. There he led the work of Georg Christoff of Utterodt continued and developed mining and water management in the style of the Upper Harz mining continues. Among others, emerged under his leadership the two largest lakes of the Lower Harz with a total of about 800,000 m³ storage volume: Glasebacher Pond ( 1716) and Franks Pond ( 1724). He let extend the shingle Brücher Art digging in the catchment area of the rivers Lude and Thyra. Due to the resistance of the citizens Stolberg was initially built without permission Count and completed from 1726 to 1736 except for the Luden crispness ( Connector to shingle Brücher Art ditch ). The crust could only be ascended in 1745 and thus the Lower Harz Pond and grave system are completed. His work he finished in 1755, which also ended the most important phase of the operation Straßberger silver ore mining.
1756 - 1910
The Seven Years' War, the following personnel and financial problems and the scams of the ridge of Gardener ( 1769 to 1781 in Strassberg acting) led to the decline of Straßberger mining. This was accompanied by the extension of the cook - digging in the area of Neudorf, to supply the mines there with extra water. The mining ended in 1903. 's Grave piece to Neudorf was shut down and it built a new section in the vicious reason. This is called Seven founder ditch.
1911 - 1939
The hazards arising from the devil pond surcharge trench was still used until 1939 for power generation in Silberhütte. Then, after more than 300 years, the end of the Lower Harz Pond and grave system was sealed.
Today's state
The Lower Harz Pond and grave system was made in 1991 as a conservation area under protection.
At the same time forestry were official ignorance and privatized the rigorous foregoing, in Saxony- Anhalt, destroyed significant portions. Walks are thus themselves along the main ditches difficult, most ponds fall slowly.
According Saxony- anhaltischem Water Act, all dams are more than 100,000 cubic meters of storage space and more than 5 meters high Absperrbauwerken as a dam and are particularly relevant authorities ( through the reservoir operation Saxony -Anhalt ) monitor. This includes seven of the still -covered ponds, were partially restored and are in accordance with good condition. They are part of the drinking water supply. The reservoir operation Saxony- Anhalt manages his own words " with great emphasis and high level of commitment these impressive monuments of hydraulic engineering, which are a beredetes testimony to the ingenuity and skill of the former moated farmhouse in the Lower Harz. "
Some ponds and ditches are signposted along the mining trails, primarily through mining firs.
Ponds
Essentially, there are a total of 24 storage ponds in the mining districts of Strassberg, Silberhütte and Neudorf.