Mangosuthu Buthelezi

Mangosuthu Buthelezi Gatsha ( born August 27, 1928 in Mahlabatini, now KwaZulu -Natal) is a South African politician. He is Chairman of the Zulu party Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP ), which he founded in 1975, and was Minister of the Interior of South Africa.

Life

Youth and Education

Buthelezi is derived from the last independent Zulu King Cetshwayo, his mother was a daughter of King Dinuzulu, his grandfather Myamana Buthelezi was Prime Minister under Cetshwayo. He makes his high school degree at Adams College in Amanzimtoti, after which he studied at the University of Fort Hare, the subjects of history and Bantu Administration. At university he had contact with Robert Sobukwe and Robert Mugabe and was two years a member of the ANC Youth League. After participating in a protest against the Governor-General van Zyl he was expelled, but was able to finish with a Bachelor of Arts studies. From 1951 to 1952 he worked as an interpreter for the Bantu Administration, subsequently as an employee for a company.

Career during the apartheid

In 1953 he became chief of the Buthelezi tribe of Zulu; In this function, recognized him by the provincial government in 1957. From 1970 to 1972 he was Chief Executive Officer of the Homelands Zululand, to 1976, then chief counsel of the regional administrative authority of Zululand. In 1976, the apartheid government appointed him chief minister of the KwaZulu now referred to and considered as autonomous homelands; He held the office until 1994. A de jure independence for KwaZulu, as it granted the South African government about the Transkei, Buthelezi refused. In 1974, he signed with the liberal politician Harry Schwarz of the Progressive Party Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith, in a non-violent end of apartheid was demanded. During this time he founded the South African Black Alliance ( SABA ).

Buthelezi saw since the death of Albert John Luthulis of Xhosa dominated ANC than competitors, making him among other things, establishing a new party, the IFP, led. He rejected the idea of a South African " unitary state " and sought from a federal solution to ethnic aspects to. Against this background, Buthelezi was built in the 1980s by conservative circles in the West to an alternative to Nelson Mandela as a black leader. Buthelezi was by anti-apartheid activists collaborating with the white minority regime accused, if only because of its political function in the KwaZulu homeland. Although he demanded the unconditional release of Mandela, but rejected the other hand, sanctions against the apartheid regime from.

Career after apartheid

During the negotiations for a democratic South Africa in the early 1990s Buthelezi represented the IFP. In the episode began in parts of South Africa violent clashes between supporters of the Zulu -dominated IFP and the Xhosa -dominated ANC. The negotiations between the incumbent since 1989 the South African government under Frederik Willem de Klerk, the ANC and other parties about the end of apartheid and South Africa's future boycotted Buthelezi 's Inkatha mostly. Due to the demographic strength of the Zulu and their geographical distribution, which was not confined to KwaZulu, the IFP had a following, which went far beyond this Homeland. The harder it weighed that Buthelezi announced to boycott the scheduled in April 1994, the first free elections in South Africa. He drew only a few days before the elections one after mediation by the Zulu King Goodwill Zwelithini. The already printed ballots had to be supplemented with stickers with the logo of Inkatha. The IFP reached nationwide about 10.5 % of the votes and an absolute majority in KwaZulu -Natal in the election. She was involved in the government of national unity in 1994 under the new President Mandela. Buthelezi became the minister of the interior, but without having the police department in his ministry.

Buthelezi remained until 2004 ministers. He is also Chairman of the IFP and member of the South African Parliament, head of the Buthelezi tribe and chairman of the regional authority for the Buthelezi.

He is married to Irene Mzila, has three sons and four daughters.

Awards

  • Chancellor of the University of Zululand 1979-2001
  • Honorary doctorate from the City University Los Angeles, awarded 1989
  • Honorary citizen of Birmingham, USA, awarded 1989
  • Honorary doctorate from Boston University, awarded in 1986
  • Honorary Doctor of the University of Tampa, awarded 1985
  • Man of the year the Financial Mail, 1985
  • Ordre national du Mérite, awarded 1981
  • Honorary Doctor of the University of Cape Town, awarded 1978
  • Honorary Doctor of the University of Zululand, awarded 1976
  • Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of Africa, awarded in 1975 by William R. Tolbert Jr.

Publications

  • For freedom and reconciliation. Edited by Horst- Klaus Hofmann, Gütersloh publisher Poppy, Gütersloh 1982, ISBN 3-579-01056-5.
  • Buthelezi report. The main report. Richarz, St. Augustine in 1982, ISBN 3-88345-361-7.
  • South Africa, my vision. Busse Seewald, Herforth 1990, ISBN 3-512-00976- X.
KwaZulu-Natal Zulu people School leaving qualification Bantustan Progressive Federal Party Albert Lutuli Xhosa people Ethnic group Conservatism Collaborationism Sanctions (law) Chancellor (education) Integrated Authority File
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