Nidwalden
46.958.4Koordinaten: 47 ° N, 8 ° E; CH1903: 673185/200327 Nidwalden ( in local dialect Nidwaudä, until 2010 officially Unterwalden nid dem Wald; Nidwalden French, Italian Nidvaldo, Romansh Sutsilvania ) is a German-speaking canton in Switzerland. The main town is Stan.
Nidwalden Obwalden and together formed Unterwalden, one of the three original cantons of the Swiss Confederation from 1291.
- 4.1 tourism
- 6.1 Coat of Arms
- 7.1 districts
Geography
The highest elevation of the canton is the Rotstöckli with 2,901 m above sea level. M., the orographic part of the Urner Alps. However, the greater part of the canton are among the foothills of the Alps Unterwalden, a part of the central Swiss Alps. The deepest point of 434 m above sea level. M. is the lake level of Lake Lucerne.
Nidwalden is located in the center of Switzerland. In the north of the inland Canton is limited by the Lake Lucerne, in all other directions by mountain ranges. Adjacent neighboring cantons of Lucerne, Obwalden, Schwyz, Uri and Bern.
Population
The eleven political communities offer around 41'500 people home. On average populate 151 inhabitants per square kilometer.
The Nidwaldner dialect is very different. Talk Hergiswiler a mixed dialect of Lucerne and Nidwaldnermundart so Stanser speak a mixed dialect of Hergiswiler and Wolf Schiesser dialect. An example of the number word five in the different dialects: füüf in HERGISWIL, fiif in Stans and feyf in Wolfenschiessen.
Policy
Unlike the old Federal Constitution, was enumerated in the half-canton of Nidwalden as, Nidwalden is listed in the Federal Constitution of 18 April 1999 as an independent State. It applies the principle of the legal equality of the cantons. However, there are two limitations to the principle of equality: the cantons of Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Obwalden and Nidwalden comes in the representation in the Senate, and the determination of the levels Mehrs the mandatory referendum only half the weight.
Constitution
The Constitution of the canton of Nidwalden ( 2010: « Constitution of the Canton of Unterwalden nid of the woods ") was enacted in 1965 and has since been amended several times.
Direct Democratic People's Rights
Adoption and amendment of the Constitution, then laws decrees and changes, as far as a " counter-proposal " from the " active citizenship " exists, and issue decisions on one-time expenses in excess of 5 million francs or recurring annual expenditure of more than CHF 500,000 are necessarily the referendum ( mandatory referendum).
The remaining laws ordinances and amendments thereto, which inter-cantonal treaties, issue decisions on recurring expenses of more than 250,000 francs or recurring annual expenditure of more than 50,000 francs and the definition of the tax base subject to referendum if it requires 250 active citizens or been decided by the district administrator (optional referendum ).
The active citizenship may propose even constitutional and legislative changes that support 250 active citizens if a proposal to that end ( "Application "). For a partial revision of the Constitution, it needs the support of 500, for a total revision of the Constitution of 1000 that active citizens ( popular initiative ).
The traditional rural community and with it the obligatory referendum laws were abolished in 1996.
Legislature
The district administration, the cantonal parliament, has 60 seats and is elected by proportional representation electoral procedures at a legislative period of four years. The seat allocation is made since 2014 according to the system of double Pukelsheim.
The last elections in the district took place on 23 March 2014. The bourgeois parties Swiss People's Party (SVP ) with 17 seats, the Christian Democratic People's Party ( CVP) with 17 seats and FDP.Die Liberals with 15 seats have the majority. The Green Nidwalden (GN ) and the Social Democratic Party (SP ) complete with eight and three seats in the district.
The elected representatives of the PLD had at that time joined the SVP Group. The SP and the DN supported each other. This led in 2006 to a common list in two municipalities ( free list). The Democratic Nidwalden belongs to the Green Party of Switzerland and changed on 1 January 2009 in the name of Green Nidwalden. Since 2010, Green and SP occur again separated.
Executive
The government, the cantonal executive, consists of seven people and is elected for four years in Majorzwahlverfahren. The chairman of the committee called Landammann, in female form female Country Ammann, and is elected for one year.
The last elections were held on 7 March 2010. The Nidwaldner government is composed of three representatives of the FDP, two representatives of the CVP and two representatives from the SVP. They are:
Judiciary
The civil and criminal jurisdiction is exercised in the first instance by the canton cantonal court in the second instance by the cantonal high court. In most civil matters, the procedure before the court is preceded by an attempt at conciliation before the cantonal conciliation board.
The jurisdiction in administrative and social security disputes exerted by the Administrative Court.
Constitutional Court is the Supreme Court.
Federal MPs
The canton of Nidwalden is ever a National Council and Council of States. The Nidwaldner representation in the Senate is the CVP politician Paul Niederberger. As National officiated since 2011, the World Week journalist Peter Keller of the SVP.
Economy
Until the 20th century Nidwalden was dominated by agriculture. Cattle and cheese was exported, mainly to northern Italy. Since the mid-19th century, trade, industry and tourism began to grow in importance. Today, many small and medium-sized entrepreneurs have established in Nidwalden. Pilatus Aircraft, which manufactures aircraft, is a major employer. Many industrial enterprises have specialized in engineering, Medizinalapparaten, International Trade, optics or electronics.
Nidwalden lies in the middle of Switzerland, on the main north-south transport corridor and adjacent to Lake Lucerne. The connections to the road and rail network are therefore correspondingly well and contribute to the activities of national and international oriented companies.
Traditional enterprises in agriculture and forestry are still important. Agriculture is dedicated to cattle breeding and dairy products. The farms are still family farms.
Tourism
Because of the mountainous area tourism is important in Nidwalden. The lake and the mountains attract many holidaymakers in summer and in winter. The lakeside communities have a variety of water sports and the Alps are well served by cable cars. The main tourist areas are Klewenalp, Stanserhorn, the Titlis glacier, Bannalp and the guarantor floor.
Traffic
The Canton is conveniently moderately well developed. The A2 runs right through the canton. In Hergiswil branches off from this the A8 towards Brünigbahn from. The road lines Luzern- Engelberg, Lucerne -Sarnen - Brünig, Stans -Seelisberg and Stans- core -Sarnen are the major road arteries of the regional road traffic.
The canton of Nidwalden is well served by public transport, especially by the railway line Luzern- Stans- Engelberg Central Railway. These branches in Hergiswil on the also part of the central line of the Brünigbahn. Different communities are from Stans to the post bus.
History
1291 founded Unterwalden ( Nidwalden Obwalden and ) together with Uri and Schwyz, the Swiss Confederation. At the time, this was still not a state, but against the 14th and 15th century, established the first state forms. These were early forms of rural communities and courts. In the 14th and 15th century, deputies met with such Nidwalden Obwalden to discuss important matters, but the two half-cantons were never one. For example, Obwalden was not involved, as the areas of Bellinzona, Riviera and Blenio were annexed (now part of the canton of Ticino).
In 1500, many Nidwaldner went as mercenaries in foreign service, which is why the Nidwaldner were called by their neighbors also Riis Eckeler. Some later migrated permanently from many Alsace. After Nidwalden had rejected the new constitution of Napoleon - the ideas of the French Revolution were not very popular in the scenic Nidwalden - Nidwalden was hit on 9 September 1798 by French troops. Indiscriminate destruction was done, and at least 400 people lost their lives ( horror days of Nidwalden ). After Napoleon's end in 1814, many of the changes were reversed. It was only in 1877 led Nidwalden a new constitution. The rural municipality was abolished in 1997.
Coat of arms
Description: " In red with a silver (white ) double key "
The key is the symbol of Saint Peter as the patron saint of Nidwalden. Its form as a double key was chosen to distinguish it from Obwalden coat of arms, the first a split of red and silver shield analogue used for banners, but then also related a simple key.
Cities and towns
Listed below are all eleven municipalities as at 31 December 2012:
Districts
The canton of Nidwalden knows no division into districts. However, the Federal Statistical Office carries out the entire State as a district under the BFS number:. 0700th
Culture
The traditional culture is maintained in Nidwalden of many small clubs alive. There are traditional music, yodelling, dance, theater and traditional festivals. But modern culture is not neglected. Concerts or galleries are very common.
Two of Switzerland's most famous film directors come from Nidwalden, Fredi M. Murer and Urs Odermatt, also some of the most important Swiss photographers, namely Martin Imboden, Arnold Odermatt and Leonard von Matt.
Trivia
The song Zwische lake and heeche Bäärge of Henry J. Leuthold is also referred to as " the unofficial anthem of Canton ."
The Nidwaldner hair worm is named after the Canton since it was first detected in 1917 in a small area around the Bannalp (municipality Wolfenschiessen ), which still belongs to its main distribution area today.
The inhabitants Nidwalden be joking referred to as Reissäckler. The term is based on the Reissäcklein ( travel bag), a small, mostly consisting of green cotton or woolen fabric bag that is a traditional part of Nidwaldner costume.