Oberoderwitzer Spitzberg
Considered Oderwitz Spitzberg of the Berndt- mill
The upper Oderwitz Spitzberg, also Oderwitz Spitzberg, the local mountain of the municipality or joke and one of the most distinctive cone mountains in eastern Lusatian mountains in Saxony. The composed of phonolite summit cliffs are a natural monument under protection since 1936. Widely known the summer toboggan run located on the north side. On the summit plateau is a mountain cottage, which is accessible via a driveway. On the rocks a sport climbing area with over 90 routes was established.
The position and shape
The Spitzberg belongs to the southeastern part of the Lusatian Highlands and is surrounded by the towns or joke Spitzkunnersdorf, Leutersdorf, Eibau and Neueibau. He know the typical shape of a truncated mountain, but his distinctive tripartite summit rock is clearly from the middle and lower slope. On the west side of the summit is a plateau on which a community space and a mountain cottage were built.
Below the summit of the rock slope of the pointed hill in a northerly direction falls off very gently and merges into the upstream, 438 -meter-high mountain Blunt, which in turn gently slopes to 368 meters high Wilhelm height down. Even in a southwesterly direction the slope is only slightly inclined to the upstream Hofeberg. However, this forms a nearly one hundred meters high steep drop to the valley of Spitzkunnersdorfer Bach. This stream flows eastwards past the mountain and takes the water of the Spitzberg trench on which rises on the southern slope of the pointed mountain.
Also southern and eastern sides of the pointed hill are much steeper sloped so is about the valley of the country water is about two hundred feet lower than the summit of Mt. Also the bleach water pond on the west side of the terrain drops off more.
View
Two of the summit rocks are accessible by balconies from this one has a wide view over the south-eastern Upper Lusatia, the Jizera Mountains and the adjacent North Bohemia. The most important landmarks are within sight of the Kottmar, the sun Karpacz, the Polish power plant Turow ( Türchau ), Zittau, with its towers, the Zittau mountains with high forest, potters, Ameisenberg and Listen and Varnsdorfský Špičák ( Varnsdorfer Spitzberg ). For better view of Ještěd ( ridge), the High wheel in the Giant Mountains and some mesas in Saxon Switzerland is seen.
History
Was first documented in 1596 in the mountain Schoepp book by Oberoderwitz. The naturalist Nathanael Gottfried Leske visited the Spitzberg 1785 on one of his trips through the Upper Lusatia and described the geological structure. From 1850 to about the end of the 19th century, a quarry was at Spitzberg entertained by this, the steep drop originated in the northeast of the summit, and a pond on the high plateau. The rock from this quarry was used among other things for the construction of the church in Niederoderwitz.
Because of its great view of the mountain with the emerging romance mid-19th century to a popular destination was. But the ascent was not always completely harmless, such as the later Saxon King Friedrich August II had to be rescued during the descent of two locals. Therefore they began to open up the mountain, in 1860 paved the rock you back and put on a society place. 1882 Oderwitz Mountain Club was founded, who laid out different paths and railings anbrachte. Another objective was the maintenance of the pointed mountain as a recreational area, which already founded in 1861, the Humboldt Club had prescribed. In 1904, representatives of all mountain clubs of central Germany and Silesia met on the upper Oderwitz Spitzberg.
Here a second-order station was established for the processing performed in the years 1862 to 1890 Royal Saxon Triangulation 1864. For this, a 1.2 -meter-high column of Beyersdorfer granite was admitted with a diameter of 49 centimeters into the rock of the highest viewing platform. From this point, the stations on the Kottmar, the Schanzberg Listen and could be targeted. The inscription of the column is " station SPITZBERG the Kings. Saxon. Triangulation 1864. ", The addition Kgs. had been removed in the meantime, but was restored in 2010.
1891 was built on the plateau, a mountain cottage, but these fell into disrepair over time and therefore was reconstructed from 1964 to 1965. It was built on the north side of the mountain 1922 Ski Jump no longer obtained, on the 1936 Germany's first " artificial snow - competition " was discharged from a covering of pine needles. Furthermore, a natural toboggan run was applied to the 1950s in the years also took place Skiabfahrtsrennen.
Also for climbing the summit rocks of the pointed hill were interesting. 1930 increased the climbing guild watchman 13 first way to the summit. 1952 Oderwitz climbing section was founded, there were eight different routes opened up on the north and east sides, the first securing hooks were attached in 1964. 2001 began with the establishment of a sport climbing area on Oderwitz Spitzberg, which was opened on 25 May 2003. Meanwhile, this has more than 90 routes with difficulty 1-9 UIAA scale. Among the visitors of the mountain climbers also included not only German Danish, Czech, French and Australian climber. For the further expansion and maintenance of the crag of the patrons sport climbing area Oderwitz Spitzberg was founded eV on 5 January 2005.
Well known is also opened in 1995, summer toboggan run on the eastern slope of the mountain, on whose premises October 12, also an official weather observation station was inaugurated in 1998. 2001 was the toboggan run an environmental award for commitment to conservation -oriented design of the area.
Geology
Due to volcanic activity in the Miocene the Central Bohemian Massif was the impact of these processes extended to the Upper Lusatia. Again produced numerous volcanic mountains, such as the Listen or Spitzberg. The surface of tuffs and Nephelinbasanit was covered in a first step from one to 100 meters thick layer of basaltic lava. Later, this ceiling was broken by streams phonolithischer lava. Erosion processes in the Elster glaciation formed the extinct volcanoes to flat summits and peaks mountains. By further frost weathering in the Saale and Weichsel glaciation the hilltops were further eroded and formed scree to the loess-covered mountain slopes.
The summit rocks of the pointed hill made entirely of phonolite, in the north, however, in these columns usually occurs platy, in the southeast up to one meter in diameter. The sloping upward arrangement of these columns indicates that it is a former chimney filling in these cliffs. The basalt on the northern and western slopes of the mountain is crisscrossed by brown to dark violet Lapillituffen that ensure a reddish tint of the soil.
Ecology
The summit of the mountain cliffs are under protection since 1935. Compared with the basalt mountains, the vegetation here on a significant depletion. During middle and lower slope for agriculture are used, large parts of the upper slope were planted with pines. On the south side, however, English oak, birch and rowan trees are predominant, the ground vegetation where they form acid- loving species such as blueberry, wire Schmiele, meadows Cow-wheat, Doldiges hawkweed and shade flowers. To Wild grass pea, bear pepper, lily of the valley, Wirbeldost and stone berry found in sunny locations such as forest edges .. come Bristly Bellflower, Willowleaf Elecampane, Moor Clover, Great burnet, spice chervil, arnica and soft -haired hollow tooth on the herbaceous meadows on the western slope on.
On the northern slope grow in the shade of ash layers, the bird cherry, elm and hazel. Typical types of basalt hills thrive here daphne, Forest Dog's Mercury, Lungwort and Nick Perlgras. The plants of the middle elevations are represented by red elderberry and the Fuchsian ragwort. Also ferns are found here, such as the Nordic Spleenwort and south-facing slopes or the Ordinary Polypody in shady areas.
Legal dispute over the use as a climbing area
When setting up the sport climbing area on the rock of Spitzberg, there were conflicts between conservationists and climbing athletes, since this was done without the approval of the Lower Nature Conservation Authority. For example, some rocks were freed from any vegetation, as well as several trees cut down to make room for a barbecue. Furthermore dumps were removed by the reconstruction of the Pointed Mountain cottage, although the vegetation was classified on these contaminated soils previously considered extremely valuable. This dispute culminated in a criminal case against the operator of the climbing park in 2004. The following judgment climbing on Spitzberg was legalized and there was a convergence of stakeholders.