Port Authority Trans-Hudson
Port Authority Trans -Hudson ( PATH ) is a about above ground guided half underground, some of which has the character of a train and was originally operated as the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad. It connects the New York City borough of Manhattan with the cities of Jersey City, Hoboken, Harrison, and Newark in the neighboring state of New Jersey. The operation is carried out by the State Port Authority Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Although there are some PATH stations transitions to the New York subway and New Jersey Transit, there is only a very limited collective bargaining unit: from the subway only the multi-journey cards are accepted and if there are exceptional operating situations between Newark Pennsylvania Station, New York, Pennsylvania station the tickets from New jersey to be recognized transit.
The standard-gauge and narrow -profile PATH rail network is electrified 22.2 km long and with 650 V DC via power rail. In Manhattan, Hoboken and downtown Jersey City, the train runs underground ( 11.9 km). The century-old tunnel under the Hudson River is made of cast iron and is located at the bottom of the river, covered by a thin layer of mud. The route west of the station Grove Street runs in cuts, ground level or on embankments. Working day took in the third quarter of 2010, an average of 252 300 passengers, the railway, which is in operation 24 hours a day.
- 3.1 New York City
- 3.2 Hoboken
- 3.3 Jersey City
- 3.4 Harrison
- 3.5 Newark
History
Tunneling
The PATH lines, formerly known as the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad, are of older origin than the actual New York City Subway. The first plans have been drafted in 1874, but at that time the technology required for the tunnel under the Hudson River was not yet available. Construction began in 1890 but had to be stopped after a short time due to lack of funding. It was not until 1900 could continue to be built after the had from Tennessee native William Gibbs McAdoo, who later became finance minister and son of Woodrow Wilson, took over the lead. Later McAdoo was also president of the society, which is why you jokingly described the routes under the river for a long time as " McAdoo tunnel".
Hudson and Manhattan Railroad
The first test trains ran late in 1907. On February 26, 1908 began at midnight of the public service between Hoboken and 19th Street in Central Manhattan after President Wilson had turned on the power in the White House push of a button. On July 19, 1909, the section between Lower Manhattan and Jersey City was opened, the trains ran it through a two-kilometer further south tunnel. 1911 was followed by the extensions to 33rd Street, Newark, and to the ( now-defunct ) Manhattan Transfer station. The cost of the entire project is estimated at 55 to 60 million, which corresponds to today's values about one billion dollars.
The H & M was built mainly in order New York City west of the river to connect with three large terminus stations: In Hoboken Lackawanna Railroad Station in Jersey City, the stations of the Erie Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR ). In Newark, the transfer was made by the PRR trains to the H & M trains to 1937 in the Manhattan Transfer station, then the distance around a few hundred meters to the Pennsylvania Station was moved to Newark. Problems were, however, the construction of the IND 6th Avenue Line of the New York subway under the 6th Avenue in Manhattan in the 1930s. After an integration of the H & M trails in the route network of the Independent Subway ( IND) because of the different profiles has not been possible own tunnel M line had to be built parallel to the H &. However, the road width was not sufficient for a total of six tracks plus platform systems, so that the 6th Avenue Subway is distributed between the stations at 34th Street and West 4th Street / Washington Square on two plains. Because the " Independent" also at any other collaboration with H & M was interested in were railway tracks and even par -lying platforms separately; a condition that continues to this day.
Plans to extend the H & M trails in Manhattan to Astor Place and Grand Central Terminal, were never realized, as an extension of Hoboken to Secaucus Junction today. The opening of the Holland Tunnel (1927) and the global economic crisis shortly afterwards had a noticeable drop in passenger numbers result. This trend increased after the opening of the George Washington Bridge (1931 ) and the Lincoln Tunnel (1937 ) even further. Numerous campaigns could not stop the economic decline of the society.
Acquisition by the Port Authority
In the late 1950s, H & M went bankrupt. The railway was initially adopted by the states of New York and New Jersey and in 1962 transferred to the new company "Port Authority Trans -Hudson ," a subdivision of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The Port Authority, however, agreed only to acquire ready when she got permission " Hudson Terminal " To be the World Trade Center building in the grounds of.
The station World Trade Center, one of the PATH terminal stations in New York City, was destroyed on September 11, 2001. Immediately before the collapse of the station had been closed and was evacuated with a waiting train. Already in the attacks of 26 February 1993 the station was heavily damaged and was so far not been fully set repaired. The Exchange Place station was closed due to flooding of the tunnel for almost two years. Although the water damage could be quickly resolved, Exchange Place was not designed as a terminus and had to be rebuilt accordingly. As of June 2003 wrong here again trains to Newark and Hoboken.
The operation to southern Manhattan was resumed on 23 November 2003 after the opening of a makeshift, 323 -million-dollar train station. The opening move was the same that had been used for the evacuation and had left as a last before the collapse of the Twin Towers Manhattan. The railway facilities have been restored to initial position and not be changed for the final station. However, they are only temporarily developed until the new World Trade Center Transportation Hub is completed. The station also has therefore no heating or air conditioning. The cost of two billion dollars have been covered by the insurance and tax dollars of the states of New York and New Jersey. Access to the railway facilities had to be relocated in 2007 because he was the construction of the World Trade Center Transportation Hub in the way. He blocked now for the completion of the loading ramps for the One World Trade Center, which must be established provisionally in another place now.
There are plans the route from Penn Station in Newark to extend 3.2 km to Newark Airport.
Operation
PATH operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week. During the day, four lines to three terminal stations in New Jersey and two in Manhattan. Each line is identified by a color.
- Newark - World Trade Center ( Red)
- Hoboken - World Trade Center ( Green)
- Journal Square - 33rd Street (Yellow)
- Hoboken - 33rd Street ( Blue)
Monday to Friday between 23 und 6 clock clock and all day on weekends and public holidays only run two lines.
- Newark - World Trade Center ( Red)
- Journal Square - Hoboken - 33rd Street ( Yellow / Blue)
The yellow and the blue line will be merged into a yellow- blue line; make the trains in Hoboken head.
After the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001, the stations World Trade Center and Exchange Place were temporarily closed. It only perverted the three lines Newark - 33rd Street (red), Hoboken - 33rd Street (Blue) and Hoboken - Journal Square ( green). 2003 a provisional station World Trade Center was opened and the operation resumes.
Stations
There are currently 13 stations. Seven of the disabled, namely 33rd Street, Exchange Place, Hoboken, Journal Square, Newark, Pavonia / Newport and World Trade Center.
New York City
Hoboken
Jersey City
Harrison
Newark
The fleet of PATH today consists of about 250 cars from Kawasaki Heavy Industries (Type PA -4), Hawker Siddeley (type PA-3 ) and the St. Louis Car Company (type PA-1 and PA-2 ) were built. The cars are 15.75 meters ( 51'8 ") long and have 35 seats which are arranged along the side of the trains reach a top speed of 112 km / h ( 70 mph ). Normally the operating speed is not higher than 88 km / h (55 mph).
Types A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J delivered in several stages from 1908 to 1928 are no longer in use. Depending on a car of this painting because of their so-called " blacks" ( "black cars" ) is on display at the St. Louis Museum of Transportation and Shoreline Trolley Museum; two more are in the Trolley Museum of New York.
1958 were 20 cars of type K in the colors " cement " added, of which are still some vehicles than American cars in use. Six were sold after they are decommissioned, to Philadelphia, five further exploited and sunk on July 19, 1990 in front of Point Pleasant, New Jersey in the sea. The type K is considered the first air-conditioned U-/S-Bahn-Wagen at all.
The cars of the types PA1, PA2 and PA3 were built from 1965 to 1972. They consist of aluminum and have on each side two doors. Above the doors there are floodlit Zugszielanzeigen.
The cars of the type PA4 are the youngest of the fleet and were built in 1986. They are made of stainless steel and are on each side of the three doors. The illuminated Zugszielanzeigen located between the doors above the windows.
1972 PATH revived the old tradition to name trains. Each car is named after a town in New Jersey, living in the commuters to and from New York City. Although the network of PATH is relatively small areas, it provides for 300 municipalities in the state of New Jersey the most important link in the metropolis as at the end of each carriage is an aluminum plate with a historical overview and a brief description of the sponsor community.
The Port Authority has Kawasaki tasked to build 340 new cars worth of 499 million dollars. The average age of a car was in front of the delivery of the new car 42 years, the highest in the entire United States. The new cars are hot PA5 and a customized version of the type R142A, which operate on the IRT lines 4 and 6 of the New York Subway. The first of the new trains arrived on 10 July 2009 are used, the renewal of the fleet was completed in 2011.