Rhoicissus

Rhoicissus tomentosa

Rhoicissus is a genus within the family of grapevine family ( Vitaceae ). The approximately twelve species are widely distributed in tropical and southern Africa. Rhoicissus rhomboidea is used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens and spaces.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

In Rhoicissus species are mostly evergreen to little to more woody plants that rarely independently upright grow as shrubs with twining branches or mostly climbing as lianas. There are usually sprout tendrils present, which often stand in the axes of the inflorescences opposite the leaves.

The alternate arranged on the stem axis leaves are usually divided into petiole and leaf blade. Depending on the leaf blade is simple, three-piece or rarely fünfzählig palmate. The leaf sections may be stalked. The leaf edges are serrated smooth or different. There are usually Stipules present.

Inflorescences and flowers

The opposite deciduous leaves, often Blütenstandsschäften standing, more or less dense, zymösen, thyrsoiden inflorescences usually contain many flowers.

The relatively small flowers are usually five, rarely up to siebenzählig and radial symmetry with a double perianth. The five most bare sepals are fused cup-shaped to more or less its entire length. The best five free petals are more or less thickened at least at their upper ends and fleshy. The ganzrandige nectar discus developed from the base of the ovary in which it is embedded. It is only the inner circle fertile stamen with mostly five, equal, free stamens present. The anthers bend over the gynoecium. The two carpels are fused to an upper permanent, two-chambered ovary. The ovary chamber only two ovules are present. The slender, prominent, pen have a scar that is barely dilated than the stylus.

Fruit and seeds

The berries usually contain only one or two, rarely up to four seeds. The seeds have a more or less distinct longitudinal furrow. The seed coat is depending on the type wrinkled or smooth.

Systematics and distribution

The genus was established in 1887 by Jules Émile Rhoicissus Planchon in Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus de Candolle and Anne Casimir Pyramus de Candolle: placed Monographiae Phanerogamarum, Volume 5, pp. 320, 463. As Lectotypusart 1953 Rhoicissus was capensis ( Burm. f ) Planch. by Karl Suessenguth in Adolf Engler and Prantl Carl: The natural plant families, 2nd edition, 20d, p 329 The genus name is derived either from the Latin Rhoicissus rhoicus word for " Rhus " or perhaps rhoia from the Greek word for pomegranate and cissus for ivy from.

The genus belongs to the subfamily Rhoicissus Vitoideae within the Vitaceae family.

The wide natural distribution of the genus Rhoicissus which includes tropical and Southern Africa widespread. Ten species occur in South Africa and are in the Red List of South African plants listed.

There are about twelve Rhoicissus types:

• Rhoicissus digitata ( Lf) Gilg & M.Brandt ( Syn: .. Cissus thunbergii Eckl & Zeyh, Rhoicissus cirrhiflora ( Lf) Gilg & M.Brandt ): It is used in Mozambique, Swaziland and South Africa. For South Africa it is known as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating and get there before in the provinces of Eastern Cape, Western Cape, KwaZulu -Natal and Mpumalanga. It grows at altitudes 0-600 meters.
• Rhoicissus kougabergensis Retief & Van Jaarsv. This rare endemic species occurs only in the Kouga Mountains, near the Kougadamm in the Baviaanskloof Wilderness Area in South Africa's Eastern Cape before. This area is little studied, and it is only known to a population, but there may be several. It thrives in subtropical jungle of steep sandstone slopes, which are dominated by Portulacaria afra. The stock is considered stable, as it is protected in the nature reserve.
• Rhoicissus laetans Retief: This rare species occurs in " Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve and Penge " before the border between the Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa. It thrives in montane grassland or in wooded craggy canyons, occasionally also in ravine forests. The habitats are largely unchanged in the natural state. The six known stocks are considered to be stable, since they are mainly in the nature reserve and protected.
• Rhoicissus magalismontana Oberm. There are no Beobachtungung for risk in South Africa, as it is a taxonomically problematic species. Any dissemination is not known.
• Rhoicissus microphylla ( Turcz. ) Gilg & M.Brandt ( Syn: Cissus unifoliata Harv, Vitis unifoliata ( Harv. ) Kuntze. ): It occurs only in South Africa's Eastern Cape. There are at least nine isolated populations known in the districts of Queenstown, Stutterheim and Fort Beaufort. It is as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating. It grows on grassy mountain slopes. Despite pointwise grazing most habitats are hardly changes and so the stocks are considered to be stable.
• Rhoicissus revoilii Planch. ( Syn: Rhoicissus sansibarensis Gilg, Rhoicissus schlechteri Gilg & M. Brandt ): You occurs, for example in Zimbabwe, Ghana and South Africa. For South Africa it is known as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating and get there before in the provinces of Gauteng, KwaZulu -Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga.
• Rhoicissus rhomboidea ( E.Mey. Ex Harv. ) Planch. ( Syn: Cissus rhomboidea E.Mey ex Harv. . ): For South Africa it is known as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating and get there in the provinces of Eastern Cape, KwaZulu -Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga. It is used as an ornamental plant and then called as some other species of the family Vitaceae also king of wine or Rautenblättrige Klimme.
• Rhoicissus sekhukhuniensis Retief, Siebert & AEvan Wyk: It occurs only in the northern Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa. For South Africa it is known as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " assessed and their stocks are considered to be stable.
• Rhoicissus sessilifolia Retief: It occurs only in the South African province of KwaZulu -Natal. Your stocks are considered to be stable and it is known as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
• Rhoicissus tomentosa ( Lam.) Wild & RBDrumm. It comes from the Cape Peninsula and Table Mountain, along a narrow strip of coast to the north-east to the Eastern Cape and northern KwaZulu -Natal and Mpumalanga, then inland through the Limpopo province to Zimbabwe and Malawi. It grows almost exclusively on or in forests and ravines and overgrown over bushes and trees. For South Africa it is known as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
• Rhoicissus tridentata ( Lf) Wild & RBDrumm. It is widespread in tropical and southern Africa. For South Africa it is known as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rated and comes on there with two subspecies of the Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, North West, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu -Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia ( Eckl. & Zeyh. ) Urton
• Rhoicissus tridentata ( L. F. ) Wild & R.B.Drumm. subsp. tridentata

Hybrids:

• Rhoicissus tomentosa ( Lam.) Wild & R.B.Drumm. × Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia ( Eckl. & Zeyh. ) Urton: A natural hybrid in South Africa.

Use

Rhoicissus rhomboidea is used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens and spaces. There are elite forms such as the cultivar ' Ellen Danica '. Rhoicissus tomentosa also serves as an ornamental plant.

Swell

• H. Wild & Drummond RB: Rhoicissus - text the same online as printed work, In: Flora Zambesiaca, Volume 2, 1966 - Vitaceae. ( Description section )
• Anna Trias Blasi, John AN Parnell & Trevor R. Hodkinson: Multi-generational region Phylogenetic Analysis of the Grape Family ( Vitaceae ), In: Systematic Botany, Volume 37, Issue 4, 2012, pp. 941-950. doi: 10.1600/036364412X656437 (Sections Description and systematics)