Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke
Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (* in the early 1190s, † April 16, 1234 in Kilkenny), was an English peer and Lord Marshal. He was the second son of William Marshal ( Guillaume le Maréchal ) and Isabelle de Clare, daughter of " Strongbow " de Clare.
Life
Richard took in 1214 as a Knight in the campaign of King John in Poitou in part, with a defeat against the French Crown Prince Ludwig ( VIII ) ended at Roche -aux- Moines. Upon the death of his father ( May 1219 ), who has served as Regent of England since 1216, he had to negotiate at the court of King Philip II Augustus in Paris around there area restitution from the French crown to the Marshal family in Normandy. When Mr. Longueville and Orbec Richard was a member of the French nobility. Around the year 1222 he married Gervaise de Dinan († 1235 /41), daughter and heiress of Alain de Dinan, through which he came into possession of some castles in Brittany. In 1226 he received the invitation to the coronation of King Louis IX. ( Saint Louis) in Reims. During the revolt of the barons against the regent Blanche of Castile (1226-1231), Richard neutral seemed to have behaved, although his castle Dinan in May 1230, King Henry III. was occupied by England, which had the rebellious Peter Mauclerc supported.
At Easter 1231, died Richard 's older brother, William Marshal, without descendants in England. King Henry III. intended the vast possessions of the Marshal family to collect and Richard refused entry to the UK. He still managed to take possession of the Pembrokeshire and with the support of Hubert de Burgh, he obtained in August 1231 recognition by the king as Earl of Pembroke and Lord of Leinster.
Due to the fall of Hubert de Burgh became Richard in the following years as the leader of the Anglo -Norman nobility against the growing dominance be delayed " poitevinischer " Noble by Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, and his nephew Peter de Rivaux at the royal court. After several of his followers have been formally expropriated, Richard leaned in 1233 openly against the royal authority. Warned by his sister Isabel he proposed to participate in a einberaumten from the King's Peace Council in Westminster, where he should be taken indeed imprisoned, and fled to Wales, where he met with Llywelyn from Iorwerth allied and in October 1233 besieged Glamorgan. For the king of his property but he declared forfeited without the assembly of barons to have listened to what was in breach of the provisions of the Magna Carta. On November 11, Richard suggested in Grosmont Castle back a royal army and delivered himself on November 25 in Monmouth a bloody battle. The three-month siege of Carmarthen Castle, where he was supported by a Welsh force under Gryg Rhys, Owain ap Gruffydd and other Welsh rulers, he was forced to retire in March 1234 after the arrival of a royal relief army under Henry de Turberville. In the spring of 1234 he passed Shropshire Shrewsbury and burned down. Richards revolt had success so far, when turn-on there in February 1234 English and Welsh church leaders under Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury -elect, in the conflict and King Henry III. were urging that " Poiteviner " to banish from the court, whose power was thus broken.
Peter des Roches, however, was still using bogus letters he recorded with the name of the king, the royalist barons of Ireland bring himself to destroy the land of the Marshal on the island. Richard sat on it with his troops to Ireland about to save the situation, but on April 1, 1234 he suffered in the battle on the field of Curragh a crushing defeat. He died a few days later at the Castle of Kilkenny to the wounds which he had sustained. Although he had revolted against the king, he was given a positive memory in contemporary historiography, as opponents of foreign influences in England. Both of Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris, he was described as the " flower of the chivalry of their time ," his death was that of a hero.
Richard Marshal was buried in the Franciscan convent of Kilkenny and since he had no children, his brother Gilbert Marshal followed him in the family estate in England and Ireland as inheritance after. The possessions in Normandy and Brittany were, however, recruited by the French Crown, which the Marshal family lost their connection to the Norman home country.