Slavic studies

The Slavonic or Slavic Philology (also Slavic and Slavic Philology ) is the science of the Slavic languages ​​and literatures. So divided in language and literature, " while historians, theologians, archaeologists, art historians, educators, geographers, economists, lawyers, political scientists, sociologists, dealing with the Slavic countries, not, Slavic Studies ' within the meaning of the German higher education system be expected. "All these disciplines are combined with the Slavic for Eastern European Studies ( eg in the German Society for East European Studies ).

Within the Slavic languages ​​, a distinction between the East Slavic, West Slavic and South Slavic languages ​​and literatures. After the treated languages ​​, the Slavic can be further divided into Belorussistik (Belarusian ), Bohemistics (Czech), Bulgaristik, Kaschubologie, Kroatistik, Polish Studies ( Polish), Russian Studies, Serbistik, Serbokroatistik, Slowakistik, Slowenistik, Sorbian ( Sorbian languages) and Ukrainian Studies. Moreover, for the exploration of the Old Church Slavonic and the pre-Slavic sometimes used expressions like Altslawistik, Paläoslawistik or Church Slavonic.

The umbrella organization of the global Slavonic is the International Slawistenkomitee, the five annually performs the comprehensive all Subjects International Slawistenkongress. The German umbrella organization is the German Slavistenverband, which organizes every three years the Germans Slavistentag, in Austria there is the Austrian Slawistenverband and in Switzerland, the Swiss Academic Society of Slavist.

A comprehensive overview of the languages ​​, their classification, geographical distribution and numbers of speakers offers the products Slavic languages.

Important sub-areas of the field of study, in addition to the Slavic language training, among other Slavic Literature and Linguistics (Linguistics ), and more recently, the Slavic Cultural Studies.

• 5.1 Berufsslawisten
• 5.2 In other sciences become known slavonicists
• 5.3 Librarians and Archivists
• 5.4 Translator
• 5.5 writers
• 5.6 Other Artists
• 5.7 journalists and publicists
• 5.8 diplomats
• 5.9 politician

The Slavic Linguistics

Explores the Slavic Linguistics, documents and communicates the development of the Slavic languages ​​of the beginnings to the present. The linguistic study areas of Slavic Studies include the usual linguistic sub-disciplines such as phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics (word and sentence meaning theory ), pragmatics, etymology, dialectology, historical linguistics and sociolinguistics.

The Slavic linguistics is the linguistic history, language and geographic linguistic and cultural studies of the Slavic peoples. Not only mutual linguistic influences of the Slavs among themselves, but also interact with the neighboring non-Slavic peoples and language groups are taken into account ( Roman, Germanic languages).

One of the topics of Slavic Studies include not only the spoken today also includes the extinct Slavic languages ​​, such as Old Church Slavonic, Church Slavonic, and the Slovincian Polabische.

Slavonic Literature

The Slavic literature science is the scientific study of the Slavic literatures. It consists essentially in subdivisions literary history, literary theory, literary interpretation and literary criticism together and divided according to content categories such as genres, forms, textures, motifs; historical epochs and authors. Other areas are the impact and the reception history.

There is a narrower and a further concept of literature. In other literature term everything you write will be counted in the literature and in the narrower the only fictional literature. The literature that is concerned with how one defines literature or what exactly is literature and attempts to establish criteria for it. This also depends on various social conventions. The literature is also ambiguous and a process. Among other literary scholars examine both the context and the relationship between author, text and reader ( The role of the reader). The literature is divided into three main genres poetry, prose and drama, which are processed and analyzed in the literature.

The German -speaking, Slavic literature has, as the study of literature in general, increasingly more recent theoretical fields such as gender studies and postcolonial criticism opened. The Slavic Literature has played a prominent role in the literary theory of development: see in particular Russian formalism, structuralism, post-structuralism.

Among the champions researched areas of Slavic literature in Germany include the Russian, Polish, Czech, Croatian and Serbian literature. The literatures of other Slavic peoples, however, are reached only in recent years in the field of view of the German research.

Slavic Cultural Studies

" The culture can be viewed in its broadest sense as the whole complex of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features that characterize a society or social group. This includes not only arts and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental rights of the people, value systems, traditions and beliefs. " ( UNESCO Conference reports No. 5, Munich 1983, p 121 )

The Slavic Cultural Studies is the scientific study of the Slavic cultures. It represents an interdisciplinary and combines cultural aspects of art history, literary studies, media studies, linguistics, anthropology, philosophy, theology, psychology, and sociology.

The Slavic Cultural Studies was particularly influenced by the semiotic theory of Juri Lotman. Based on the work of the Russian formalists developed Lotman a cultural studies oriented semiotics (study of signs ). In addition to natural signs (such as symptoms, signs and phenomena ) that have no stated purpose, there are cultural signs that are identified for the people by codes ( conventions) and have a communicative function (eg, traffic signs, nod ).

Lotman, which for the study of literature became important not only in the by not the temporal structure of the narrative but those spatial stood for him in the foreground, coined the term semiospheres.

" A semiospheres is a semiotic space, the set of all characters users, texts and codes of a culture, it is a semiotic continuum filled with semiotic structures all type "

Inside the semiospheres codes, text and characters users are coordinated. As a semiospheres defined only on a foreign semiospheres, there are boundary points, which represent an important functional and structural location at which translation processes take place that may cause actual new code. Applying this mechanism to the development process of languages, gives the following example: If you imagine a language as a semiospheres before, which comes into contact with another, a new language, consisting of elements of the respective languages ​​( eg. Spanglish ect. ) Juri Lotman made ​​with his model a significant contribution to semiotic theory of culture and was co-founder of the Tartu - Moscow school. The members of the Tartu - Moscow school turned deliberately against an ideological science. Their approach was and is still today is based on characters (be they linguistic or not) to carry out a more in-depth, interdisciplinary analysis of culture. To understand cultural events and processes process from a variety of disciplines are necessary such as anthropology, sociology, anthropology, linguistics or psychology. Overcoming the difficulties of such a broad approach point, is still one of the objectives of Semiotics Institute in Estonia and Russia.

Research and teaching

In German-speaking countries, the tray has a long tradition and is represented as follows in universities:

Germany

In Germany there are about 100 chairs of Slavonic studies at 39 institutions, involving a total of around 12 000 students are enrolled in Slavic Studies: In Baden- Württemberg Slavic Studies at the Universities of Freiburg (2 Slavonic chairs ), Heidelberg ( 2 chairs ), Constance (2) and Tübingen ( 3) represented, while the Slavonic in Mannheim ( 0) is deleted. In Bavaria, Slavic studies at the Universities of Bamberg ( 3 ), Munich ( 3), Passau ( 1), Regensburg (4) and Würzburg ( 2) be operated; Slavic studies in Erlangen (0 ) has been deleted. In Berlin, the Slavic Studies at the Free University (1) at the Humboldt University (9 ) was moved to the reunion, where the oldest chair in the territory of the Federal Republic ( Appeals Vatroslav Jagićs 1874) and today the largest Slavic Studies in Germany is. In Brandenburg there is a full- Slavic in Potsdam (3) and Polish Studies at the Frankfurt Viadrina (2 ) and Cottbus ( Lower Sorbian Chóśebuz ) department of the Lower Sorbian settled in Bautzen, Sorbian Institute. At the University of Bremen ( 2) are offered a Slawistischer master's degree program in cooperation with the University of Oldenburg. A full- Slavic there are, however, at the University of ( 4) in Hamburg. In Hesse, all Slawistiken were concentrated in casting (4) and it abandoned the traditional Slavic Studies in Marburg as well as the one in Frankfurt. In Mecklenburg -Western Pomerania there Slawistiken only in Greifswald ( 3), the Slavic Studies in Rostock has been deleted. In Lower Saxony, Slavic Studies at the Universities of Göttingen (2) and Oldenburg ( 2) is taught. Of the original five Slawistiken in North Rhine-Westphalia for Bielefeld (0) and Bonn ( 1) approved the resolution, while those in Bochum (3 ), Cologne ( 2) and Munster ( 1) are apparently continued. Rhineland -Palatinate offers Slavic Studies in Mainz (6) and Trier ( 2). At the University of the Saarland, there is one Slavic Department. The state of Saxony has in Leipzig ( 9) over the second largest Slavic Germany and also in addition to the Slavic Studies in Dresden ( 3) an independent Sorbian Institute ( 1) in Bautzen ( Upper Sorbian Budyšin ) with a Lower Sorbian department in Brandenburg Cottbus. In Saxony -Anhalt in Halle Slavic Studies (3) and Magdeburg is taught (3). In Schleswig -Holstein there are Slavic in Kiel ( 2), in Thuringia in Erfurt (1) and Jena ( 3).

Austria

In Austria, there are six Slavonic Institute, two in Vienna ( at the University of Vienna, where in 1849 Francesco Miklošič was appointed to the first chair of Slavic Studies of the world, and the University of Economics ) and other in Graz, Salzburg, Innsbruck and Klagenfurt.

In Austria there are several research institutions. Among other things, the Vienna Slavic Studies with research interests in:

• Languages, Literature and Culture Contact Research
• Contact and sociolinguistics
• Slavic dialectology including Burgenland Croatian and Slovenian in Carinthia
• Slavic literatures in comparison and in its relation to German literature
• Slavic Medieval Studies ( early medieval Slavic including Proto-Slavic )
• Slavic substrate in Austria
• Comparative Slavic Linguistics
• History of the Slavonic literary languages

This institute enjoys high international prestige and also conducts research in areas of language, which are under-represented, such as Ukrainian Studies, Bohemistics, Slowakistik, Balkanologie, Bulgaristik.

The Slavonic Institute in Klagenfurt, has specialized in the Languages ​​Russian, Bosnian - Croatian - Serbian and Slovenian. By referring to Slovenia, there are many projects, such as the collaboration with Slovenian publishers, newspapers, cultural associations, student hostels and the Slovenian editors at ORF at this institute. In the Russian language the emphasis in teaching and research in Russian literature of the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as in modern Russian matic linguistics lie. Researches of Institute members encompass all areas of philology. It is investigated to the latest linguistic history, the modern grammar and literature of the oldest. A particular concern is the Institute dealing with the language and literature of the Carinthian Slovenes, but also of the Burgenland Croats. From this activity dialectological and ethnographic work, studies on linguistic interference, and translations have emerged.

In Graz, the Slavonic Institute offers the Languages ​​Russian, Bosnian - Croatian - Serbian and Slovenian to. In addition, there are regular courses in Polish, Czech and Bulgarian.

The Slavonic Institute in Salzburg lays on the research priorities in the field of literary studies:

• Gender Studies
• Auto ( bio) graphical writing
• Memory and memory culture
• Literature of the Shoah and the avant-garde in Eastern Europe
• Emigration and migration literature
• Old Russian literature

In the field of linguistics, the focus is in:

• Synchronous description of the eastern and westslavischen languages ​​(especially morphology, morphosyntax, syntax and semantics)
• Linguistic history
• Language contact research

The culture of science research in the following areas:

• Cultural relations in music, art and literature
• In correspondence with linguistics: culture and language policy
• In correspondence with the literature: postcolonial studies, intermediality

Switzerland

In Switzerland there are three German -speaking Slawistiken in Basel, Bern and Zurich, a bilingual German - French in Freiburg and two French-speaking Lausanne and Geneva.

Furthermore, there are Slavic teaching facilities at universities in the non-Slavic countries.

Known slavonicists

Behind the name in parentheses are the activities and the university, was studied at the Slavonic.

Berufsslawisten

• Aleksander Brückner
• Josef Dobrovský
• Dietrich Freydank
• Bernhard Gröschel
• Vatroslav Jagić
• Vuk Stefanović Karadžić
• Radoslav Katičić
• Jernej Kopitar
• Snježana Kordić
• Renate Lachmann
• Volkmar Lehmann
• Jooseppi Julius Mikkola
• Vladimir Ivanovich Lamanski
• Francesco Miklošič
• Ludolf Müller
• Johann Gottlieb Captain
• Jiri Polivka
• Ludwig Richter
• Pavel Jozef Šafárik
• Yuri Striedter
• Dmitry Tschižewskij
• Max Vasmer
• Walter Wenzel, German researchers name
• Erich Berneker He studied Slavic and Baltic Philology in Leipzig in August Leskien.

In other sciences become known slavonicists

• Baudouin de Courtenay in January ( linguist, phonologist, Warsaw, Prague, Jena, Berlin, Leipzig and St. Petersburg)
• Theodor Berchem ( Romance, President of the DAAD, Geneva, Cologne and Paris)
• Winfried Garscha ( historian )
• Helmut Glück ( linguist; Tübingen and Bochum)
• Rudolf Grulich ( theologian and church historian )
• Paul Hacker ( Indologist; Bonn, Heidelberg, Frankfurt and Berlin)
• Roman Jakobson ( linguist and semiotician )
• Basil Kerski ( political scientist and Editor)
• Leopold Kretzenbacher ( folklorist )
• August Leskien ( Indo-Europeanist )
• Yakov Malkiel ( linguist )
• January Mukařovský ( literary critic, semiotician )
• Wolf Oschlies ( political scientist )
• Erhard Peschke ( theologian and church historian )
• Klaus Roth ( folklorist )
• August Schleicher ( linguist, inventor of the pedigree theory )
• Karl Schlogel ( historian )
• John Schmidt ( linguist, inventor of the wave theory )
• Nikolai Troubetzkoy ( founder of phonology )
• Jürgen Udolph ( name researcher, Göttingen and Heidelberg)
• Boris Uspensky ( semiotics )

Librarians and archivists

• Franz Gosch ( Library Director, Graz)
• Walter Huder (literature and theater studies, archive manager, FU Berlin)

Translator

• Henryk Bereska ( translator of Polish literature; HU Berlin)
• Norbert Randow ( Translator Bulgarian, Russian, Slavic Glagolitic and Belarusian literature; HU Berlin)
• Peter Urban ( Translator Russian, Polish, Serbo-Croatian literature; Würzburg and Belgrade )
• Christa Vogel ( translator of Polish and Russian literature; FU Berlin)

Writer

• Ivo Andrić ( Yugoslav Nobel laureate in literature, diplomat and politician, Zagreb, Vienna, Krakow and Graz)
• Martina Dierks ( German poet and children 's and teen book author )
• Peer Hultberg ( Danish novelist and psychoanalyst )
• Felix Philipp Ingold ( Swiss poet and translator; Basel and Paris)
• Christoph Keller ( Swiss prose and drama writer and translator; Geneva and Constance)
• Traci Lambrecht ( American crime writer; Northfield / Minnesota)
• Kito Lorenc (Sorbian - German lyric poet, Leipzig)
• Anne McCaffrey ( American science fiction author; Radcliffe )
• Stefanie Menzingerstraße ( German prose writer; Mainz, Vienna, Frankfurt and Moscow)
• Janko Messner ( Austrian- Slovenian writer, Ljubljana)
• George J. Morava ( Czech- Austrian author, Innsbruck)
• Petra Morsbach ( German novelist, Munich and Leningrad)
• Marion Posch man ( German poet, Bonn and University of Berlin )
• Ilma Rakusa ( Swiss writer and translator, Zurich, Paris and St. Petersburg)
• Magdalena Sadlon ( Austrian- Slovakian actress and writer; Vienna)
• Marlene Streeruwitz ( Austrian prose and theater writer and director; Vienna)
• Anja Utler ( German poet, Regensburg )
• John Urzidil ​​( Austro- Czechoslovak writer; Prague)
• Waldemar Weber ( russia German writer and translator; Moscow)

Other Artists

• Daniela Kletzke ( German radio drama director )
• František Pavlíček ( Czech playwright and screenwriter; Prague)
• Arthur Ernst Rutra ( Austrian expressionist playwright, novelist and journalist, Vienna)
• Barbara Schurz ( Austrian " revolutionary activist "; Vienna)

Journalists and publicists

• Klaus Bednarz (former German foreign correspondent, Daily Thread and Monitor moderator, Hamburg, Vienna and Moscow)
• John Grotzky (former German foreign correspondent, BR Radio Director, Munich and Zagreb)
• Petra Gerster ( spokeswoman for the daily news; Konstanz)
• Hans Wilhelm Haefs ( publicist, translator and author, Bonn, Zagreb and Madrid)
• Gabriele Krone-Schmalz (formerly ARD foreign correspondent and presenter of the cultural world of the mirror )
• Doris Liebermann ( freelance writer for radio, television and print media; FU Berlin)
• Caren Miosga ( Tagesthemen presenter; Hamburg)
• Friedrich orter ( ORF foreign correspondent; Vienna)
• Martin Pollack (former foreign correspondent of the Mirror, Vienna, Warsaw, and others)
• Ina Ruck ( ARD foreign correspondent; Münster as well as Moscow, Vienna and Oxford)
• Thomas Urban ( correspondent for the Süddeutsche Zeitung and author, Cologne and Moscow)
• Sonja Zekri ( feature writer of the Süddeutsche Zeitung)

Diplomats

• Patricia Flor (former German Ambassador to Georgia)
• Andreas Meyer- Landrut (former Ambassador, Secretary of State and head of the Presidential Office, Göttingen)
• Lujo Tončić - Sorinj (former Austrian Foreign Minister and Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Vienna and Zagreb)

Politician

• Sherrod Brown ( Democratic Senator from Ohio; Yale )
• Barbara Brüning ( SPD deputy in the Hamburg Parliament and philosopher; Hamburg)
• Ulrich Commerçon (Deputy SPD parliamentary group in the Landtag Saarland, Saarbrücken)
• Jim Douglas ( Republican Governor of Vermont, Middlebury )
• Hinrich Enderlein (former Minister of Science in Brandenburg, FDP; Marburg and Tübingen)
• Gernot Erler (former Minister of State in the German Foreign Ministry, SPD, Free University of Berlin and Freiburg)
• Uwe Harden ( SPD member of parliament in Lower Saxony, publisher and journalist, Göttingen and Hamburg)
• Karin Jöns (SPD MEP from Bremen, Mannheim)
• Katja Kipping ( deputy chairman of the Left and member of parliament; Dresden)
• Christine Lucyga (former SPD People's Chamber and member of parliament; Rostock)
• Cornelia Pieper (former Minister of State in the German Foreign Ministry and deputy FDP chairman, Leipzig and Warsaw)
• Gabriele Stauner ( CSU MEP and deputy chairman of CSA; Munich)
• John Strosche (formerly GB / BHE- deputy in the Bavarian Landtag and the Bundestag; Prague)
• Jürgen Weber (Deputy SPD parliamentary group in the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel)