Sopron
Sopron [ ʃɔprɔn ] ( German Sopron, Sopron Croatian ) is a city in northwestern Hungary, southwest of Lake Neusiedl. The urban area extends as a spur into Austrian territory. Sopron has about 60,000 inhabitants and is located in the Győr- Moson -Sopron; the urban area is drained by the Ikva.
The city is located about 60 km from Vienna and 220 km from Budapest. It is one of the oldest towns in Hungary, and forms a bridge between Hungary and its western neighbors. Sopron is a university town, it was founded in Sopron in 1735, the University of West Hungary.
- 5.1 traffic
Etymology
One of the earliest mentions of the settlement dates back to the records Geographia of Ptolemy (c. 100 to † 175 AD) under the name Σχαρβαντἰα ( transkr. Scharbantia ) or Σκαρβαντἰα ( transkr. Skarbantia ) by source also Σακαρβαντἰα ( transkr. Sakarbantia ), from Latin sources Scarbantia or Scarabantia.
History
The area around Sopron been inhabited since the early Iron Age. From the Hallstatt period, the Kalenderberg urns that have made the place in the archaeological world known as submitted. The Romans founded the settlement Scarbantia, a trading center on the Amber Road on the site of today Sopron. Instead of the Roman fortification of the city walls were built in the Middle Ages. Today's marketplace was the former Roman forum.
In the time of the migration, the city was a deserted village until it was repopulated by immigrants Magyar tribes back in the 10th century.
1277 Sopron was awarded the title of a free royal town, as it is the siege by King Ottokar of Bohemia resisted.
1459-1462 the city was temporarily of Habsburg, but was awarded with the Peace of Sopron Hungary again.
1526 coincided with Hungary, Sopron by inheritance of Habsburg. But Sopron remained in the Hungarian part of the empire of the Habsburg monarchy.
In 1529, during the first Turkish siege of Vienna, the city was able to successfully defend against an occupation by the Ottoman troops, while the countryside was plundered by the besieging troops.
A fire destroyed in 1676 large parts of the city. Subsequently, the city in Baroque style was rebuilt, what still dominates the cityscape.
In the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683 resulted in the city of Sopron the Ottoman army under Kara Mustafa. After the victory of the imperial troops ( HRR ) over the Ottoman forces the Ödenburger city fathers paid homage to the Holy Roman Emperor in Vienna.
In the 17th century, the viceroys of Hungary were crowned in the Geißkirche, also the Reichstag were held there.
1896 896 (Hungarian Millennium ) was built in the Town Hall on the occasion of the celebrations to mark the thousandth anniversary of the migration of the Magyars under Grand Prince Árpád year.
After the First World War, Sopron capital should be from the newly formed Austrian state of Burgenland, which prevented the plebiscite in Sopron.
In July 1944 1885 Jewish citizens were deported to Auschwitz. The Orthodox Jewish community after 1956 heard to exist.
In Sopron, the Pan-European Picnic was held on 19 August 1989, at the 661 East Germans came across the border to Austria to freedom. Commemorations are held annually at the location of this event.
Today, Sopron is a thriving business location in western Hungary, has close economic links with the neighboring country of Austria. In the 1990s, the city was an attractive shopping destination for residents of the metropolitan area of Vienna. This earned the city the nickname Shop ron one, which corresponds to the Hungarian pronunciation.
Population
1910, Sopron 33 932 inhabitants ( 51.0 % German, 44.3 % Hungarians, 4.7% other ). The religious affiliations were: 64.1 % Roman Catholic, 27.8 % Lutheran, 6.6% Jewish, 1.2% Calvinist, 0.3% other. The 2001 census showed 56 125 inhabitants ( 92.8 % Hungarians, 3.5% German / Austrians, 3.7% other ), the 2011 census, however, 60 548 inhabitants, of whom 51 456 as ethnic Hungarians ( 85%) and 3448 when Hungary German ( 5.7 %) said.
In the religions in 2001 following shares were as follows: 69 % Roman Catholic, 7% Lutheran, 3% Calvinist, 8.1% atheist, 11.9% with no response, 1% other.
Attractions
Secular buildings
Significant secular buildings are the Conference and Cultural Centre - Conference and Cultural Franz Liszt, the Gambrinus house, today's town hall, the Petőfi Theatre or the post office. The Rákóczi road shows monumental buildings in the style of historicism and eclecticism. So the K. u k Officierstöchter - educational institute. Other buildings include the semi-detached Rákóczi 37-39 and the Museum Rákóczi street 53
- Secular buildings
Town hall
Petőfi Theatre
K. u k Officierstöchter Basic Education Institute
Museum, Rákóczi street 53
Semi Rákóczi 37-39
Ödenburger City Museum in 1920
There are also modern and contemporary architecture:
- Modern buildings
Polyclinic, 1941
Deákplatz
Deákplatz
University Library
Market
Residential building in the city, 1991
Frankenburg Street, 1999
Religious buildings
Significant religious buildings are:
- Geißkirche
- Ursuline Church
- Church of St. George
- Church of St. Jude Thaddeus
- St. Michael's Church with Jakobskapelle
Other religious buildings are the Orthodox Synagogue and the Old Synagogue.
Ursuline Church and monastery buildings
St. Georg
St. Jude Thaddeus
St. Michael ( Sopron )
Orthodox synagogue
Old Synagogue, Torah shrine
Buildings
In Balf district there are hydrogen sulphide-containing mineral springs that the Romans were already familiar. So here was a spa that motion, pans, carbon dioxide and underwater traction bath and underwater jet massage, therapeutic exercise, electrotherapy and Kneipp treatments. Can be treated here orthopedic and neurological symptoms.
In Sopron is a well-known in the Geosciences Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the GGRI ( Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute).
Museums and art collections
Economy and infrastructure
In the early Middle Ages the area was a center of iron smelting Sopron. Today, the main economic activities of the region's tourism, forestry and timber industry and viticulture. Two industrial and innovation parks have settled in Sopron.
Traffic
Sopron off the street reached by the Hungarian highway 84 from the directions of Szombathely (southeast) and Eisenstadt (northwest). After the border crossing Klingenbachstrasse this road leads into Austria in the Ödenburgerstraße B 16 and in the Southeast A3 motorway towards Vienna. In the direction of Györ ( east) the highway 85, which begins only a few kilometers east of the city at Nagycenk runs. From the south, the Austrian German Kreutzer road B 62 near German Kreutz reached the Hungarian highway 861, which also opens into the highway 84 at Kópháza. It is planned to connect the Hungarian motorway network through the construction of the M85 motorway, near Sopron on the Austrian motorway A 3.
Railway side reach five routes the Sopron Train Station, which is also the main place of business Raaberbahn; 's ( ROeEE ungar GySEV ):
- By Northwest: Railway Ebenfurth - Wulkaprodersdorf -Sopron ( ROeEE, single track, electrified to 25 kV / 50 Hz)
- From the West: railroad Wiener Neustadt- Mattersburg -Sopron ( " Burgenlandbahn ", ÖBB, single track, not electrified )
- To the south: Railway Sopron - German Kreutz - Oberpullendorf ( " Burgenlandbahn ", ÖBB, single track, electrified to 25 kV / 50 Hz)
- To the southeast: Railway Sopron - Szombathely - Buk ( ROeEE, single track, electrified to 25 kV / 50 Hz)
- East: Railway Sopron - Csorna - Győr ( ROeEE, single track, electrified to 25 kV / 50 Hz)
Thus, the range of ÖBB- Burgenlandbahn forms by the Hungarian territory a corridor route.
- To the north: in 1918 consisted of ( unrealized heart) plan to build from the local station of the Raab Oedenburg - Ebenfurter a railroad over Mörbisch leading to Rust standard gauge railway.
The nearest airport is located in Fertőszentmiklós. The nearest airports are Vienna and Bratislava.
Twin Cities
- Germany Bad Wimpfen, Germany (1990 )
- Italy Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy (12 July 1990)
- Israel Eilat, Israel
- Austria Eisenstadt, Austria (2002)
- Japan Kazuno, Japan ( 2002)
- Germany Kempten ( Allgäu), Germany (1987 )
- Romania Medias, Romania ( 1994)
- Switzerland Rorschach, Switzerland (1991 )
- Finland Seinäjoki, Finland ( 1986)
- Slovakia Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia (2008)
- Greece Sparta, Greece ( 2008)
Sons and daughters of the town
- Johann Baptist Röschel (1652-1712), physicist and Lutheran theologian
- Georg Serpilius (1668-1728), Protestant theologian and song writer
- Otto Ferdinand von Abensperg and Traun (1677-1748), Austrian field marshal
- Maciej Kamieński (1734-1823), Polish composer
- Ludwig August Ritter von Benedek (1804-1881), Austrian general
- Heinrich von Angeli (1840-1925), Austrian painter
- Alfred Pallavicini (1848-1886), an Austrian mountain climber
- Rudolf Burgmann (1874-1943), an elementary school director and politician
- Imre Payer (1888-1956), Hungarian football player and coach
- Károly Pap (1897-1945), Hungarian writer
- John Alton, born Johann Altmann (1901-1996), American cinematographer, Academy Award winner
- Alexa von Porembsky (1906 - 1981), stage and film actress, singer
- Illona Wieselmann (1911-1963), Danish actress
- Karl Schügerl (* 1927), Professor Emeritus of Industrial Chemistry, University of Hannover
- Mihály Kubinszky (* 1927), Professor Emeritus at the University of Sopron, architect and author
- Kálmán Renner ( born December 8, 1927 in Sopron, † April 13, 1994 ibid ), medalist
- Géza Ankerl (1933 ), Professor at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Cambridge
- Péter Horváth ( born 1937 ), founder of the management consulting firm Horváth & Partners
- István Hiller ( b. 1964 ), Hungarian Minister of Culture
- Terézia Mora (born 1971 ), Hungarian writer and translator
- Margaret Mahler (1897-1985), pediatrician and psychoanalyst
- Kitti Varga ( born 1984 ), football player
- David - Zvi Pinkas, an Israeli government minister