Stanisław Moniuszko

Stanisław Moniuszko Herb Krzywda ( born May 5, 1819 in Ubiel in Minsk, Belarus, † June 4, 1872 in Warsaw, Congress Poland) was a Polish composer, conductor and teacher. His compositional output includes his most popular songs and operas, many of them full of patriotic folk melodies of the founders of Poland-Lithuania. He is commonly referred to as the father of Polish National Opera.

• 2.1 Operating and heritage

• 3.1 Stage Works 3.1.1 operettas
• 3.1.2 Opera
• 3.1.3 ballet music
• 3.1.4 theater music

• 3.2.1 Secular Cantatas
• 3.2.2 Sacred Works
• 3.2.3 songs

• 3.3.2 Chamber Music
• 3.3.3 Organ Works
• 3.3.4 Piano Works
• 3.3.5 Symphonic Works

• Opera 5.1
• 5.2 vowel
• 5.3 instrumental

• 6.1 External links
• 6.2 footnotes

Life

Born into a Polish- Armenian noble family of landowners showed early artistic talent and Moniuszko took from 1827 to 1830 in Warsaw private music lessons with Karl August Freyer and then continued his musical education in Minsk continues. From 1837 to 1839 he studied in Berlin at the Academy of Arts composition with Carl Friedrich Rungenhagen, director of the Sing- Akademie zu Berlin, and received by him lessons in choral conducting. In the time Moniuszko studied intensively the major works of classical music and its performance practices. Here in Berlin, he had a surprising, early success when he performed three songs to words by the Polish writer Adam Mickiewicz. Some of his songs that he wrote as a student in Berlin, were published by Bote & Bock and rated by music critics positively.

After three years in Berlin, he returned again in 1839 to Vilnius back to get married Aleksandra Müller. He obtained a job there as an organist and moonlighted as a private piano accompanist. Often he had to contend with financial difficulties, especially after he had thanks to a happy married life to feed a family of 10 children, to nurses and servants (18 people daily at the table). He steered Great for the music in the Vilnius region; Stage performances of large choral works such as Mozart's Requiem, Haydn's The Creation excerpts from Joseph and Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy Paul. And Moniuszko brought also known orchestral works by Spontini, Mendelssohn and Beethoven to the performance.

During this time he met Józef Ignacy Kraszewski know novelists and comedians Aleksander Fredro, which stimulated his interest in dramatic music. In 1840 Moniuszko began to compose intense, wrote his first operas and several other works for the stage as well as sacred music and secular cantatas. Around this time he also began one of his most popular works, the 12 -volume Śpiewnik domowy ( House Songbook ) for piano and voice, 268 songs to poems from the period of his era.

During his life, Moniuszko traveled several times to St. Petersburg, where his concerts got very good. There, Mikhail Glinka and Alexander Dargomyzhsky showed great appreciation of Moniuszko's talent; Moniuszko was a close friend Dargomyschskis and dedicated his fairytale opera Bajka. Moniuszko met in Petersburg on variables such as Balakirev, Mussorgsky and Alexander Serov, and his musical style was highly appreciated by Hans von Bülow. Moniuszko was the mentor of the Russian composer César Cui. But crucial to his career total was his visit to Warsaw in 1848, where he met Jozef Sikorski, the future editor of the most important Polish music journal Ruch Muzyczny ( music movement ), Oskar Kolberg and Włodzimierz Wolski on ( 1824-1882 ), Polish writer and future librettist of his most famous opera, Halka.

Moniuszko - father of the Polish National Opera

In 1848 Moniuszko conducted in Vilnius private premiere of the first version of his opera Halka ( opera in 2 acts ) and it took 10 years until the political situation had calmed down again so that you could see yourself in a position such under national to bring motto standing opera to the second performance. After the triumph of the second version of his opera Halka ( opera in 4 acts) of the Warsaw premiere on January 1, 1858, he toured France by using the pianist Maria Kalergis, where he met in Paris on Daniel -François- Esprit Auber and Gioachino Rossini. After a visit to Berlin, he arrived in Prague the Czech national composer Bedřich Smetana, who prepared the Prague premiere of his opera Halka there. Ultimately Moniuszko visited Weimar, where Franz Liszt also.

On August 1, 1858 Moniuszko was appointed chief conductor of the Warsaw Polish National Opera (Polish National Opera ) in the Teatr Wielki. Already during the first year Moniuszko make it one of his operas on the board to set ( opera Flis ) and conducted during his next 15 years in office almost exclusively his own compositions. Hoping that the Paris one of his operas take into the program, Moniuszko traveled in 1862, again to France. The success did not come. Due to the changed political situation in the wake of the Polish January Uprising, which was unfavorable for artistic activities abroad, he returned very early also home again. Moniuszko began in 1864 at the Warsaw Conservatory harmony, counterpoint and composition to teach, where he led the choir. His students there were, inter alia, Zygmunt Noskowski and Henryk Jarecki. In 1865, enjoyed the premiere of his new opera Straszny Dwór enthusiastic reception and proved a success comparable to his opera Halka. He was appointed at the Warsaw Conservatory as professor of composition and music theory.

The success of Halka's up to his other operatic works such as 1858 Fils ( The oarsmen) / 1860 Hrabina ( The Countess ) / 1861 Verbum Nobile and most importantly 1865 Straszny dwór ( The Haunted Manor ): the general characteristic shared by all these works, are libretto, which - in spite of performing nobility - emphasize Polish customs and traditions and in this time of national struggle patriotic feelings held upright and promoted. The importance of Halka for the national culture is the fact that following the establishment of the Polish administration in Wroclaw The Civic Opera House was opened with her again in the fall of 1945.

Stanisław Moniuszko died on June 4, 1872 from a sudden heart attack and was buried in the historically significant Powązki cemetery in Warsaw.

Music

In Grove Music Moniuszko entry reads: Like Glinka in Russia, Erkel in Hungary, and Smetana in the Czech lands, Moniuszko Has become associated above all with the concept of a national style in opera. Moniuszko's operas and music as a whole are representative of the romance of the 19th century, in which the composer extensively makes use of arias, recitatives and ensembles that play a strong lead role in his operas. An exception is Straszny Dwór where beautiful set Moniuszko Choir Parts prove to write compositional mastery for many voices. The source of Moniuszko'schen melodies and rhythmic grid are often in the Polish music folklore. One of the most obvious aspects of his Polish Music is in the form that he uses, including Popular dances and such upscale items such as polonaise and mazurka, and folk melodies and dances like kujawiak and Krakowiak. The most important among these choral works are the cantatas Sonety Krymskie ( Crimean Sonnete ) and Widma ( phantoms ) to the texts of Adam Mickiewicz, the leading writer of Polish Romanticism.

His 12 - volume series Śpiewnik domowy is quantitatively as remarkable as qualitatively. Though many songs are simple, mostly strophic, grab some a form of dialogue or the ballad, and the majority of his songs occupy Moniuszko originality and melodic inventiveness. The origin of the Moniuszko'schen melodic and rhythmic patterns are often located in the Polish and Belarusian musical folklore; the majority of the texts is of prominent Polish writers, many of whom were tracking their roots in what is now Belarus, for example: Mickiewicz, Pol, Kraszewski, Syrokomla, Lenartowicz, Czeczot, Odyniec, Dunin- Marcinkiewicz

An English version of the opera Straszny Dwór ( The Haunted Manor ) was created in 1970 by students of the Operatic Society at the University of Bristol and premiered; this version has been listed since from the semi-professional British Opera Company Opera South, especially in the year 2001. This Company presented in 2002 and the world premiere of the newly created English version of Moniuszko 's opera Verbum Nobile.

The Pocket Opera Company in San Francisco presented Donald Pippin 's English language version of the opera Straszny Dwór ( The Haunted Manor ) in 2009 and the Polish National Opera Halka ( Helen ) in 2010.

Impact and legacy

Stanisław Moniuszko funeral ceremony became a national event. To this day, his music in Poland is widely acclaimed and widely accepted as a model of Slavic music. From statues to park named after him, music competitions musical groups and musical institutions - the name Stanisław Moniuszko represents the whole of Polish society through something dar. It appears on postage stamps, banknotes, and other official documents of Poland.

The rest of the world is Moniuszko's work hardly known, and then only as a marginal phenomenon - Like many other Polish artists of the time Stanisław Moniuszko was directed by his patriotic and hopeful works primarily on his own people as a reflection of the depressing reality is that the homeland by the three partitions of Poland disappeared from the map of Europe. The high on tour launched by the Russians, Prussians and Austrians, tightly run Russierungs or Germanization of Poland Stanisław Moniuszko were artists such as why an eyesore. There was a general law, they just do not pay attention to defame or refuse to promoting strictly. The compositions had Moniuszko outside the Polish society therefore little chance to find greater attention, much like the works of the national poet Adam Mickiewicz, who are not to be found in the so-called world literature, whose texts but Moniuszko composed numerous songs. Fryderyk Chopin, however, had the good fortune Polish subjects under the strong originality of his works (mostly piano compositions, operas no or hardly any songs whose lyrics could cause offense ) before the alert eyes of the partitioning powers to be able to hide.

Since the 1990s Stanisław Moniuszko is considered a major figure of the Belarusian culture in Belarus (against the background that Belarus was heavily influenced as part of the Poland Litauener Union of Poland). Moniuszko's operas on Национальный Академический Большой Театр Оперы ( Belarusian National Opera ) are therefore listed regularly since then and there are now Stanisław Moniuszko the Museum.

Works

Stage Works

Operettas

Opera

Ballet music

• Monte Cristo, by Alexandre Dumas (1866 )
• Well kwaterunku ( On the Bilet ) ( 1868)
• Figle Szatana (Satan 's tricks, also known as The Devil's jokes ) ( 1870)
• Merry Wives of Windsor ( c. 1849), ballet music composed for the opera of Otto Nicolai

Theater music

• Kasper Hauser ( 1843), melodrama by Anicet Bourgeois and d' Ennery. Premiere: Minsk, November 18, 1843
• Sabaudka ( Savoyardess or The Mother Blessing ) melodrama in five acts by d' Ennery and Lemoine. Premiere: Vilnius, May 6, 1845
• Hamlet. Shakespeare's tragedy. Premiere: Warsaw, March 24, 1871
• Zbojcy ( The Robbers ). Schiller 's tragedy. Premiere: Warsaw in 1870 and 1871
• Hans Mathis, Drama (1872 ). Completed by Adam Munch Heimer
• Karpaccy Goral, Drama of J. Korzeniowski

Vocal

Secular cantatas

Sacred Works

Songs

More than 300, the most popular auflistend:

• Chochlik (The Imp). Text by A. E. Odyniec
• Czaty ( The Ambush ), ballad. Text by Adam Mickiewicz. So in a version with orchestra
• Czarny krzyżyk ( The Little Black Cross). Text by Bruno Bielawski.
• Dziad i baba ( The Old Man and The Old Woman). Text by J.I. Kraszewski
• Dziadek i babka ( Grandpa and Grandma). Text by P. Jankowski
• Entuzjasta ( The Enthusiast ). Text by J. Prusinowski
• Kozak ( Cossack ). Also known as Tam na gorze jawor stoi
• Kum i kuma ( Chums ). Text by J. Czeczot
• Łzy ( Tears ). Text by A. E. Odyniec
• Maciek. Text by T. Lenartowicz
• Magda karczmarka ( Magda, the Innkeeper ). Also known as W pustej Karczmie Magda siedzi, ballad. Text by E. Sztyrmer
• Nad Nida (On Nida River). Text by Włodzimierz Wolski
• Panicz i dziewczyna ( The Young Master And The Girl ). Also known as W Gaiku zielonym. Text by A. E. Odyniec
• Pieśń wieczorna ( The Song at Dusk ). Also known as Po nocnej rosie. Text by W. Syrokomla
• Piosnka Żołnierza ( Soldier's Song). Also known as Juz matka zasnęła. Text by J. Korzeniowski
• Polna różyczka ( The Little, Field Rose). Text by J. Grajnert
• Powrót taty (Father 's Return ). Text by Adam Mickiewicz
• Prząśniczka ( The Spinner ). Text by J. Czeczot. So in a version with orchestra
• Rozmowa ( Conversation ). Also known as Kochanko moja, na co nam rozmowa. Text by Adam Mickiewicz
• Rybka (The Fish ). Text by Adam Mickiewicz
• Świerszcz ( The Cricket ). Text by J.N. Kaminski
• Świtezianka ( The Nymph of Lake Świtez ). Text by Adam Mickiewicz
• Tren X ( No Lament. X). Also known as Urszulo moja wdzieczna. Text by J. Kochanowski
• Trzech Budrysów (Three Budryses ). Text by Adam Mickiewicz. So in a version with orchestra
• Trzy śpiewy: Niepewnosc, Pieszczotka, Sen (Three Chants: Uncertainty, cuddlesome One Dream). Text by Adam Mickiewicz. German translation Blankensee
• Viliya ( Christmas Eve ). Text by Adam Mickiewicz
• Znaszli th kraj ( Do You Know search country). Text by A. Mickiewicz, J. W. Goethe after

Instrumental works

• Bajka ( The Tale ), 1848

Chamber Music

• String Quartet No.1 in D minor (1839 )
• String Quartet No.2 in F major ( 1840 )

Organ Works

• Orgelkompositionen about hymns, among others, Vespers and Song of Ostra Brama. Published: Warsaw, 1862.

Piano Works

• Fraszki ( Trifles ). Two books. Published: Vilnius, 1843
• Nocturne in A flat major. Published: Vilnius, 1846
• Mazurka in D major. Published: Vilnius, before 1846
• Six Polonaises. Published: Vilnius, 1846
• Polka in C major. Published: Warsaw, 1851
• Polka, "Daniel". Published: Warsaw, 1852
• Polka, " Gabirela ". Published: Warsaw, 1855
• "Spring" polka. Published: Warsaw, 1860
• Vilanelle in B flat major. Published: Warsaw, 1851
• Three Waltzes. Published: Warsaw, 1852
• " Marriage " Mazurka. Published: Warsaw, 1872
• Kolysanka ( Cradle Song ) in D major. Published: Warsaw, 19 March 1872
• Piano transcriptions of opera fragments and of works by other composers, among other things,

Six Polonaises of Michal Oginski. Published: Warsaw, before 1858

• Original compositions and transcriptions for piano duet -

Symphonic works

• Bajka ( Fairytale ), fantastic Ouverture (1848 ). Two versions. Premiere: Vilnius, May 1, 1848
• Cain, Overture (1856 ). Premiere: Saint Petersburg, March 1856
• Was Overture. Premiere: Vilnius, March 19, 1857
• Polonez koncertowy ( Concert Polonaise ) in A major for large orchestra (1866 )
• Polonez obywatelski, Civic Polonaise in F major (after 1863)