Ternopil

Ternopil (Ukrainian Тернопіль / i;? Polish and German Tarnopol, Russian Тернополь / Ternopol ) is a city in western Ukraine, and is the capital of Ternopil Oblast.

Ternopil is one of the three main cities of Eastern Galicia, located 132 km east of Lemberg and has approximately 250,000 inhabitants. Until the mid-20th century many Jews, Poles and German lived in the city. Ternopil is a place of pilgrimage.

  • 4.1 traffic

Geography

Ternopil is on the Podolian plate (Ukrainian Подільська височина / Podilska wyssotschyna ) and is traversed by the Dniester Creek Seret, the ( став Ukrainian Тернопільський / Ternopilskyj staw ) into an artificial lake, the Ternopil lake opens.

History

Ternopil was established in 1540 under the name of Tarnopol by the Hetman of the Crown Jan Amor Tarnowski as a Polish military base and stronghold. 1548, King Sigismund of Poland Tarnopol the municipal law. From 1569 to 1772, the village belonged to the province of Podolia, an administrative unit of Poland - Lithuania (see also Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ). From 1772 to 1867 the city was - with a break in the years 1809 to 1815 as a result of the Peace of Schönbrunn - the Empire of Austria, from 1867 as part of the crown land Galicia Austria -Hungary. From 6 to 19 September 1915, came before the gates of the city to the battle of Tarnopil ( Austria - Hungary, the German Empire against the Russian Empire ). In 1921, Tarnopol Tarnopol Voivodeship of the Polish capital. In September 1939, the city, like the rest of Eastern Galicia was occupied by Soviet troops as a result of the German - Soviet Non-Aggression Pact and incorporated under the name of Ternopol the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. This was followed by the forced collectivization (formation of collective farms ) and deportations to Siberia. In 1939 the town had 34,000 inhabitants, of whom about 18,000 were Jews.

In the course of the war against the Soviet Union, German troops occupied the city in the first days of July 1941. It came on July 4 to a pogrom in Ternopol. Ukrainian militia and probably Polish and Ukrainian civilians exaggerated, composed of the SS Einsatzgruppe C Jewish residents to the city jail, where the Soviet secret police NKVD had done before her departure a massacre of political prisoners, together, mistreated them and killed them then. The SS Wehrmacht certified a " encouraging good attitude against the Jews. " Shortly afterwards, was the establishment of a ghetto by the German occupiers. In 1943 it was liquidated together with its inhabitants, and much of the Jewish population were massacred, sent to labor camps or extermination camp Belzec.

In March and April 1944, the German side to the " firm position " said city was almost completely destroyed in its reconquest by the Red Army artillery fire and attack aircraft use. Also the Ternopil Castle (Ukrainian Старий замок, Ternopilskyj Samok ) was seriously damaged.

From 1960, when still living about 500 Jews in the city, was the increased settlement of Russians and Ukrainians. 1991, Ukraine became independent.

The structure of the city lasted decades and was carried out in large part by the Soviet type. Therefore, the present cityscape is a mixture of old and new and also has the typical for cities in all former Eastern Bloc countries imprint of socialist architecture and Others on. This concerns especially the outskirts of the city, the so-called sleep districts.

Political affiliation

Since 1550 Ternopil was one of the following states

Education and Culture

Ternopil is home to four universities and higher education institutions: University of Education, National University of Economics, Technical University, State Medical University as well as other cultural institutions such as the Shevchenko Drama Theatre, a puppet theater and the District Philharmonic Orchestra. Art galleries, museums, a large market complete the picture. Worth seeing are, inter alia, the Church of the Resurrection from the 17th century and a Dominican church from the 18th century.

Economy and infrastructure

Traffic

The city is a major transport hub on the East- West axis. Especially for rail transport is considered an important transit and transshipment of importance. Ternopil therefore has a relatively large station, which was a few years ago completely renovated and modernized.

Personalities

  • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (1890-1963), Polish mathematician, logician and philosopher
  • Eugeniusz Baziak (1890-1962), Polish Archbishop of Lviv
  • Hedwig Dorosz (1906-1946), German high school teacher and writer
  • Kornel Filipowicz (1913-1990), Polish writer
  • Adam Kuczma (* 1923), Methodist minister and superintendent of the Methodist Church in Poland
  • Mike Mazurki (1907-1990), Ukrainian- American boxer and actor
  • Jakub Karol Parnas (1884-1949), Polish biochemist
  • Aleksander Pełczyński (1932-2012), Polish mathematician
  • Simcha Pinsker (1801-1864), Ukrainian- Polish orientalist
  • Rudolf Pöch (1870-1921), an Austrian anthropologist and ethnologist
  • Solomon Judah Rapoport (1790-1867), Jewish scholar and co-founder of Jewish Studies
  • Karol Rathaus (1895-1954), German - Austrian composer
  • Edward Rydz - Śmigły (1886-1941), Polish Marshal
List of Ukrainian oblasts and territories by population Raions of Ukraine Classification of objects of the administrative-territorial system of Ukraine Administrative divisions of Ukraine Germans Podolian Upland Seret River Jan Tarnowski Podolian Voivodeship Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact Collective farming Kolkhoz Taras Shevchenko Simhah Pinsker Wissenschaft des Judentums filmportal.de Germany and the Second World War Berezhany Borschiv Khorostkiv Kremenets Lanivtsi Pochaiv Zalischyky Zbarazh Zboriv Shumsk Skalat Terebovl Koropets Kozova Pidvolochysk Zaliztsi Velyki Birky Zboriv Raion
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