Thuringian dialect

Spoken in

• Indo-European Germanic West Germanic high German Central German Thuringian- Upper Saxon

Thuringian- Upper Saxon is a dialect group of the Central German whose dialects were originally called, depending on the subset only Thüringisch or Meißenisch and today colloquially - but linguistically incorrect - also known as Saxon. Thuringian- Upper Saxon is spoken mainly in the states of Saxony and Thuringia and in the southern part of Saxony-Anhalt. Moreover, it is in the southeastern Lower Saxony ( resin, Osterode district ) in the north- east of Hesse ( Eschwege, Wanfried ), located in the extreme northwest of the administrative district of Upper Franconia in Bavaria ( Ludwig city) and in the south of the Brandenburg Elbe -Elster country. The Lower Hessian mixed dialect to Kassel has many typical features of the Thuringian- Upper Saxon. A generally accepted and standardized verschriftlichte variety or concentrated efforts to those do not exist. Dialects are defined by a closed system of language, which is why after Beat Siebenhaar the Saxon dialect but must be considered as extinct for about 100 to 150 years; today existed only regional coloring of standard German, which is essentially based in turn on the Meissner German and thus on an above -Saxon dialect.

Special

There are in the Thuringian- Upper -speaking countries strong regional differences due to the compensation language ( colonial dialect) of the immigrant in the Middle Ages francs ( mainly Franconia ), Thuringia, Flanders, Bavaria and Saxony decline, their colonization of the East began around 1100. Language forms of " Meissner German firm " and plenty of Middle High German Wortgut was the written language of Martin Luther, which is considered essential foundation for the New High German language.

Characterized the Thuringian- Upper Saxon is by a unrounding the vowels, extensive implementation of the domestic German consonant weakening ( lenition of consonants " p", " t" and " k" ), in part by a highly differentiated pronunciation of the G- Loud (especially in the Saxony-Anhalt and northern Thuringian areas) and regional variations pronounced melodic emphasis in the sentence. The second German sound shift came in this room in very divergent positions with respect to individual elements to a halt. In addition, the b as w and f and v is spoken like the word but ( so " aw " ) in some words. Basilekte, ie dialects with the largest and smallest stigma prestige, are rarely spoken. The fluent appearing transitional stage between the German dialect and standard, ie forms of Mesolektes, can amount to up to five or seven.

Thuringian- Upper Saxon dialects

In the Germanic dialect dialectology following groups Thuringian and Upper Saxon are listed:

• Zentralthüringisch in Thuringia, Erfurt area - Sömmerda bath Langensalza -Gotha - Friedrichroda Ilmenau
• Nordthüringisch in Thuringia, Saxony -Anhalt and Lower Saxony, space Nordhausen Bad Frankenhausen Special Hausen, and Sangerhausen Harzgerode - Stolberg (Harz ) and Bad Lauterberg Bad Sachsa
• Ostthüringisch, spoken by Eisenberg -Altenburg ( Thuringia), as well as to Naumburg - Zeitz - Weissenfels - Hohenmolsen (Saxony- Anhalt), also the language region Mansfeld region (see below)
• Südostthüringisch spoken in Thuringia, especially in and around the city of Gera and south of the Saale- wood land circle in the Saale- Orla-Kreis, in the district of Greiz, in the southern district of Saalfeld -Rudolstadt and in the extreme north of the district Kronach to Ludwig city in Bavaria
• Osterländisch in Saxony in present-day County Nordsachsen except in Altkreis Oschatz and to diving ( on the B6 of Leipzig will be in the direction of Halle, a smooth transition ( Schkeuditz large ball ) instead ), in Saxony -Anhalt to Wittenberg, Bitterfeld, Wolfen and Jessen and in the border area of Brandenburg to Herzberg (Elster ), bath Liebenswerda, Elsterwerda and Schraden
• Meißenisch in Saxony: The meißnische dialect has evolved under the influence of the Central German colonization of Saxony between the 11th and 13th centuries. Nordmeißenisch in space Grimsby - chub - Riesa
• Nordostmeißenisch in space Lommatzsch -Großenhain
• Westmeißenisch in space Mittweida - Rochlitz - Borna
• Südmeißenisch in space Oederan - Frankenberg- Heinichen- Freiberg
• Südostmeißenisch in space Dippoldiswalde Freiberg Meissen Radeburg - Pirna- Bad Schandau

The job Thuringian dialect research at the Friedrich -Schiller- University Jena are separately following dialects:

• Ilmthüringisch in Thuringia around Jena, Rudolstadt, Katzhütte, Mitre, Stadtilm, Weimar and in Saxony -Anhalt to Nebra
• Nordostthüringisch to Artern in Thuringia and to a large extent in Saxony-Anhalt to cross ford and Merseburg

Hallensisch in the independent city of Halle / Saale and surrounding villages

• Mansfeldisch than originally Low German, later on German medium -independent independent dialect to Eisleben, Hettstedt and Mansfeld in Saxony -Anhalt

Peculiarities, exceptions, transition areas

The Electorate of Saxony in the east and in the Lausitz be mixed Meißenische and Ostmitteldeutsche attended also remaining in the country Sorbs. In Lusatia speak a West Slavic language with the Sorbian until today that was exposed mainly in intonation and pronunciation Meißenischen influences. On the other hand wandered Slavic Wortgut into German, for example, "border", "cottage cheese". Even the Sorbian has its share in the formation of the Thuringian- Upper Saxon.

The dialect actually Upper Saxon and Osterländisch will occasionally use in cabaret, as well as comedians. It is used to trim the few cultural- mental, mostly political and historically determined differences between the former Prussia (in the sense of Berlin and Brandenburg) and the Electorate of Saxony ( with the cultural centers of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz) or between the East and the West Germany sketch by way of sketching. Not infrequently, however, the speakers are not native Saxony and mimic the Meißenische or Osterländische in different quality, thus a false picture of this language area on the stage and in the media is shown. It was the Thuringian- Upper Saxon - especially the Anhalt, Nordthüringische and eichsfeldische - in past centuries long time as a model for the high German pronunciation.

The term Saxon is not correct since Saxon ( = Low Saxon ) is the language of the inhabitants of Northern Germany and Northern Holland. Nevertheless, this name is quite widespread. " Mademoiselle Claß took me, however, in his arms, hugged me, talked to me in Saxon, and while my mother was gone. " ( William of Kügelgen about his experiences in 1807. )

Westthüringisch is mainly in the region between the Rennsteig extension over copper Suhl to Vacha and running on the salt sheet northern border of the hen Bergische a transitional and mixed dialect of Hennebergisch, Zentralthüringisch and especially Osthessisch what is also referred to in the Rhön and its adjoining areas as Rhoener Platt. Most notable of these is hardly seeming Thuringian dialect in the Bad Salzungen.