List of state leaders in 1993

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3.1 East, South and Southeast Asia
3.2 Middle East
3.3 Central Asia

Africa

Egypt Head of state: President Hosni Mubarak (1981-2011) (1981-1982 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Atif Muhammad Naguib Sidqi (1986-1996)

Algeria Head of state: Chairman of the High Council of State Ali Kafi (1992-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Belaid Abdessalam ( 1992-21. August 1993 )
Prime Minister Redha Malek (August 21, 1993-1994)

Angola Head of state: President Jose Eduardo dos Santos ( since 1979)
Head of government: Prime Minister Marcolino Moco (1992-1996)

Equatorial Guinea Head of state: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) ( to 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council )
Head of government: Prime Minister Silvestre Siale Bileka (1992-1996)

Ethiopia Head of state: President Meles Zenawi (1991-1995) (1995-2012 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Tamirat Layne (1991-1995)

Benin Heads of State and Head of Government: President Nicephore Soglo (1991-1996) (1990-1991 Prime Minister )

Botswana Heads of State and Head of Government: President Masire Quett (1980-1998)

Burkina Faso Head of state: President Blaise Compaoré (since 1987)
Head of government: Prime Minister Youssouf Ouedraogo (1992-1994)

Burundi Head of state: President Pierre Buyoya ( 1987-10. May 1993, 1996-2003 )
President Melchior Ndadaye (10 July 1993-21 . October 1993)
President François Ngeze (21 October 1993-27. October 1993)
Prime Minister Sylvie Kinigi (27 October 1993-1994) (acting)

Prime Minister Adrien Sibomana ( 1988-10. , July 1993)
Prime Minister Sylvie Kinigi (10 July 1993-1994)

Djibouti Head of state: President Hassan Gouled Aptidon (1977-1999) (1977 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Barkat Gourad Hamadou (1978-2001)

Ivory Coast Head of state: President Félix Houphouët- Boigny ( 1960-7. December 1993)
President Henri Konan Bédié (7 December 1993-1999)

Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara ( 1990-11. December 1993) ( president since 2010 )
Prime Minister Daniel Kablan Duncan (December 11, 1993-1999, since 2012 )

Eritrea (since May 24, 1993 independent) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Isaias Afewerki (since May 24, 1993 )

Gabon Head of state: President Omar Bongo (1967-2009)
Head of government: Prime Minister Casimir Oye- Mba (1990-1994)

Gambia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Dawda Jawara (1970-1994) (1965-1970 Prime Minister )

Ghana Heads of state and head of government: President Jerry Rawlings (1979, 1981-2001 ) (until January 7, 1993 Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council )

Guinea Heads of State and Head of Government: President Lansana Conté (1984-2008)

Guinea- Bissau Head of state: President Joao Bernardo Vieira (1980-1984, 1984-1999, 2005-2009) (1978-1980 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Carlos Correia (1991-1994, 1997-1998, 2008-2009)

Cameroons Head of state: President Paul Biya ( since 1982)
Head of government: Prime Minister Simon Achidi Achu (1992-1996)

Cape Verde Head of state: President António Monteiro (1991-2001)
Head of government: Prime Minister Carlos Veiga (1991-2000)

Kenya Heads of State and Head of Government: President Daniel arap Moi (1978-2002)

Comoros Head of state: President Said Mohamed Djohar (1989-1995, 1996)
Head of government: Prime Minister Ibrahim Halidi (1 January 1993-26. May 1993 )
Prime Minister Ali Mohamed Said (26 May 1993-19. June 1993 )
Prime Minister Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane (June 20, 1993-1994)

Republic of the Congo (1960-1970 Congo - Brazzaville, People's Republic of Congo 1970-1992 ) Head of state: President Pascal Lissouba (1992-1997) (1963-1966 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Claude Antoine Dacosta ( 1992-23. June 1993 )
Prime Minister Joachim Yhombi - Opango (June 23, 1993-1996) ( 1977-1979 President )

Lesotho Head of state: King Letsie III. (1990-1995, since 1996)
Head of government: Chairman of the Military Council Elias Phisoana Ramaema ( 1991-2. April 1993)
Prime Minister Ntsu Mokhehle (April 2, 1993-1994, 1994-1998)

Liberia Heads of State and Head of Government: President of the Transitional Government of National Unity Amos Sawyer (1990-1994)

Libya Leader: Muammar al - Gaddafi (1969-2011) (1969-1979 Secretary General of the General People's Congress )
Head of State: Secretary of the General People's Congress Zantani Muhammad az- Zantani (1992-2008)
Head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee Abu Zayd Umar Durda (1990-1994)

Madagascar Head of state: President Didier Ratsiraka ( 1975-27. March 1993, 1997-2002)
President Albert Zafy (27 March 1993-1996)

Prime Minister Guy Razanamasy ( 1991-9. August 1993 )
Prime Minister Francisque Ravony (9 August 1993-1995)

Malawi Heads of State and Head of Government: President Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1966-1994) (1964-1966 Prime Minister )

Mali Head of state: President Alpha Oumar Konaré (1992-2002)
Head of government: Prime Minister Younoussi Touré ( 1992-12. April 1993)
Prime Minister Abdoulaye Sékou Sow (April 12, 1993-1994)

Morocco Head of state: King Hassan II (1961-1999)
Head of government: Prime Minister Mohammed Karim Lamrani (1971-1972, 1983-1986, 1992-1994)

Mauritania Head of state: President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1984-2005) (1981-1984, 1984-1992 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar (1992-1996, 1998-2003)

Mauritius Head of state: President Cassam Uteem (1992-2002)
Head of government: Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth (1982-1995, 2000-2003) (2003-2012 President )

Mozambique Head of state: President Joaquim Alberto Chissano (1986-2005)
Head of government: Prime Minister Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo (1976-1994)

Namibia Head of state: President Sam Nujoma (1990-2005)
Head of government: Prime Minister Hage Geingob (1990-2002)

Niger Head of state: President of the Supreme Military Council Ali Saibou ( 1987-16. April 1993) ( 1989 President )
President Mahamane Ousmane (April 16, 1993-1996)

Prime Minister Amadou Cheiffou ( 1991-17. April 1993)
Prime Minister Mahamadou Issoufou (17 April 1993-1994) ( President since 2011 )

Nigeria Heads of State and Head of Government: President of the Governing Council of the Armed Forces Ibrahim Babangida ( 1985-26. August 1993 )
Interim President Ernest Shonekan (26 August 1993-17. November 1993)
Chairman of the Provisional Governing Sani Abacha (November 17, 1993-1998)

Rwanda Head of state: President Juvenal Habyarimana (1973-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Dismas Nsengiyaremye ( 1992-18. , July 1993)
Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana (18 July 1993-1994)

Zambia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Frederick Chiluba (1991-2002)

Sao Tome and Principe Head of state: President Miguel Trovoada (1991-1995, 1995-2001) (1975-1979 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Norberto d' Alva Costa Alegre (1992-1994)

Senegal Head of state: President Abdou Diouf (1981-2000) (1970-1980 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Habib Thiam (1981-1983, 1991-1998)

Seychelles Heads of state and head of government: President France- Albert René (1977-2004) (1976-1977 Prime Minister )

Sierra Leone Head of state: Chairman of the Supreme Council of State Valentine Strasser (1992-1996)
Head of government: Chairman of the Council of State Secretaries Solomon Musa ( 1992-5. , July 1993)
Chairman of the Council of State Secretaries Julius Maada Bio (5 July 1993-1995) (1996 Chairman of the Supreme State Council )

Zimbabwe Heads of State and Head of Government: President Robert Mugabe (since 1987) ( 1980-1987 Prime Minister )

Somalia Head of state: President Ali Mahdi Mohammed (1991-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Omar ARTEH Ghalib (1991-1993) Somaliland ( not internationally recognized ) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Abd -ar- Rahman Ahmad Ali Tur ( 1991-16. May 1993 )
President Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal (16 May 1993-2002) ( 1967-1969 Prime Minister of Somalia)

South Africa Heads of State and Head of Government: President Frederik Willem de Klerk (1989-1994)

Sudan Heads of state and head of government: President Umar al -Bashir (since 1989)

Swaziland Head of state: King Mswati III. (since 1986)
Head of government: Prime Minister Obed Dlamini ( 1989-25. October 1993)
Prime Minister Andreas Fakudze (25 October 1993-4. November 1993) (acting)
Prime Minister Jameson Mbilini Dlamini (November 4, 1993-1996)

Tanzania Head of state: President Ali Hassan Mwinyi (1985-1995)
Head of government: Prime Minister John Malecela (1990-1994)

Togo Head of state: President Gnassingbe Eyadema (1967-2005)
Head of government: Prime Minister Joseph Kokou Koffigoh (1991-1994)

Chad Head of state: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)
Head of government: Prime Minister Joseph Yodoyman ( 1992-7. April 1993)
Prime Minister Fidele Moungar (7 April 1993-6. November 1993)
Prime Minister Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye (November 6, 1993-1995, 2007-2008)

Tunisia Head of state: President Zine el- Abidine Ben Ali (1987-2011) (1987 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Hamed Karoui (1989-1999)

Uganda Head of state: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)
Head of government: Prime Minister George Cosmas Adyebo (1991-1994)

Western Sahara (disputed ) Head of state: President Mohamed Abdelaziz ( since 1976) (in exile )
Head of government: Prime Minister Mahfoud Ali Beiba (1982-1985, 1988-1993, 1995-1999) (in exile )
Prime Minister Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun (September 19, 1993-1995, 1999-2003) (in exile )

Zaire ( Congo - Leopoldville to 1964, 1964-1971, 1997 Democratic Republic of Congo) Head of state: President Mobutu Sese Seko (1965-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Nguza Karl- I- Bond (1980-1981, 1991-1992) Étienne Tshisekedi (1991, 1992-18. March 1993, and 1997)
Prime Minister Faustin Birindwa (March 18, 1993-1994)

Central African Republic Head of state: President André Kolingba ( 1981-22. October 1993)
President Ange-Félix Patassé ( October 22 1993-2003) ( 1976-1978 Prime Minister )

Prime Minister Timothée Malendoma ( 1992-26. February 1993)
Prime Minister Enoch Derant Lakoué (26 February 1993-25. October 1993)
Prime Minister Jean -Luc Mandaba (25 October 1993-1995)

America

North America

Canada Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1952) Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn (1990-1995)

Prime Minister Brian Mulroney ( 1984-25. June 1993 )
Prime Minister Kim Campbell (25 June 1993-4. November 1993)
Prime Minister Jean Chrétien (November 4, 1993-2003)

Mexico Heads of State and Head of Government: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988-1994)

United States of America Heads of State and Head of Government: President George HW Bush ( 1989-20. January 1993 )
President Bill Clinton (January 20, 1993-2001)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981) governor-general Wilfred E. Jacobs ( 1981-10. June 1993 )
James Carlisle (June 10, 1993-2007 )

Bahamas Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1973) Governor General: Clifford Darling (1992-1995)

Barbados Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1966) Governor General: Nita Barrow (1990-1995)

Belize Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981) Governor General / - in: Minita Gordon ( 1981-17. November 1993)
Colville Young ( since 17 November 1993)

Prime Minister George Cadle Price (1981-1984, 1989-3. , July 1993)
Prime Minister Manuel Esquivel (1984-1989, July 3 1993-1998)

Costa Rica Heads of State and Head of Government: President Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier (1990-1994)

Dominica Head of state: President Clarence A. Seignoret ( 1983-24. October 1993)
President Crispin Sorhaindo (25 October 1993-1998)

Dominican Republic Heads of State and Head of Government: President Joaquín Balaguer (1960-1962, 1966-1978, 1986-1996)

El Salvador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Alfredo Cristiani Burkard (1989-1994)

Grenada Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1974) Governor-General Reginald Palme (1992-1996)

Guatemala Heads of State and Head of Government: President Jorge Serrano Elias ( 1991-1. June 1993 )
President Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero (1 June 1993-5. June 1993 )
President Ramiro de León Carpio (6 June 1993-1996)

Haiti Head of state: President Marc Bazin (15 June 1992-1993) (acting)
President Jean -Bertrand Aristide (1991, June 15 1993-1994, 1994-1996, 2001-2004)

Prime Minister Marc Bazin ( 1992-30. August 1993 )
Prime Minister Robert Malval (August 30, 1993-1994)

Honduras Heads of State and Head of Government: President Rafael Leonardo Callejas (1990-1994)

Jamaica Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1962) Governor General Howard Cooke (1991-2006)

Cuba Head of state and head of government: President of the State Council and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976-2008) (1959-1976 Prime Minister )

Nicaragua Heads of State and Head of Government: President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (1990-1997) (1979-1980 member of the Government Junta of National Reconstruction )

Panama Heads of State and Head of Government: President Guillermo Endara Galimany (1989-1994)

St. Kitts and Nevis Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1983) Governor General Clement Arrindell Athelston (1983-1995)

St. Lucia Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1979) Governor General: Stanislaus A. James (1988-1996)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1979) Governor General David Jack (1989-1996)

Trinidad and Tobago Head of State: President Noor Hassanali (1987-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Patrick Manning (1991-1995, 2001-2010)

South America

Argentina Heads of State and Head of Government: President Carlos Menem (1989-1999)

Bolivia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Jaime Paz Zamora ( 1989-6. August 1993 )
President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (August 6, 1993-1997, 2002-2003 )

Brazil Heads of State and Head of Government: President Itamar Franco (1992-1995)

Chile Heads of State and Head of Government: President Patricio Aylwin (1990-1994)

Ecuador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Sixto Durán Ballén (1992-1996)

Guyana Head of state: President Cheddi Jagan (1992-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds (1992-1997, 1997-1999, 1999 ) (1997 President )

Colombia Heads of State and Head of Government: President César Gaviria (1990-1994)

Paraguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President Andrés Rodríguez ( 1989-15. August 1993 )
President Juan Carlos Wasmosy (August 15, 1993-1998)

Peru Head of state: President Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000)
Head of government: Prime Minister Óscar de la Puente Raygada ( 1992-28. August 1993 )
Prime Minister Alfonso Bustamante y Bustamante (August 28, 1993-1994)

Suriname Head of State: President Ronald Venetiaan (1991-1996, 2000-2010)
Head of Government: Vice President Jules Ratankumar Ajodhia (1991-1996, 2000-2005)

Uruguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President Luis Alberto Lacalle (1990-1995)

Venezuela Heads of State and Head of Government: President Carlos Andrés Pérez (1974-1979, 1989-31. August 1993 ) ( suspended from 21 May)
Parliament President Octavio Lepage (21 May 1993-5. June 1993 ) (acting)
President Ramón José Velásquez (June 5, 1993-1994) ( until October 31, acting)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh Head of state: President Abdur Rahman Biswas (1991-1996)
Head of government: Prime Minister Khaleda Zia (1991-1996, 2001-2006)

Bhutan Heads of State and Head of Government: King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972-2006)

Brunei Heads of State and Head of Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China ( Taiwan) Head of state: President Lee Teng- hui (1988-2000)
Head of government: Prime Minister Hau Pei- tsun ( 1990-10. February 1993)
Prime Minister Lien Chan (10 February 1993-1997)

People's Republic of China Head of state: President Yang Shangkun ( 1988-27. March 1993 )
President Jiang Zemin (27 March 1993-2003)

India Head of state: President Shankar Dayal Sharma (1992-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao (1991-1996)

Indonesia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Suharto (1967-1998)

Japan Head of State: Emperor Akihito (since 1989)
Head of government: Prime Minister Miyazawa Kiichi ( 1991-9. August 1993 )
Morihiro Hosokawa Prime Minister (9 August 1993-1994)

Cambodia Head of state: Chairman of the Council of State Chea Sim ( 1992-14. June 1993 )
Head of state: Norodom Sihanouk (1960-1970, 1975-1976, June 14, 1993-24 September 1993. ) ( 1941-1955, 1993-2004 King )
King Norodom Sihanouk (1941-1955, 1993-2004) (1960-1970, 1975-1976, 1993 President )

North Korea Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Il-sung (1948-1994)
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly: Kim Il-sung (1972-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Kang Song -san (1984-1986, 1992-1997)

South Korea Head of state: President Roh Tae -woo ( 1988-25. February 1993)
President Kim Young- sam (25 February 1993-1998)

Prime Minister Hyun Seung -jong ( 1992-25. February 1993)
Prime Minister Hwang In -sung ( February 25 1993-17. December 1993)
Prime Minister Lee Hoi -chang (17 December 1993-1994)

Laos Head of state: President Nouhak Phoumsavanh (1992-1998)
Head of government: Prime Minister Khamtay Siphandone (1991-1998)

Malaysia Head of State: Supreme Ruler Azlan Shah (1989-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad (1981-2003)

Maldives Heads of State and Head of Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978-2008)

Myanmar Head of state: Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Than Shwe (1992-2011) (1992-2003 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Than Shwe (1992-2003) (1992-2011 Chairman of the State Peace and Development)

Nepal Head of state: King Birendra (1972-2001)
Head of government: Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala (1991-1994, 1998-1999, 2000-2001, 2006-2008)

Pakistan Head of state: President Ghulam Ishaq Khan ( 1988-18. , July 1993)
Wasim Sajjad President (18 July 1993-14. November 1993, 1997-1998) (acting)
President Faruk Ahmad Khan Leghari (November 14, 1993-1997)

Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif ( 1990-18. April 1993, 1993, 1997-1999, since 2013)
Prime Minister Sher Mazari Balakh (18 April 1993-26. May 1993 ) (acting)
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif (1990-1993 26 May 1993-18. May 1993, 1997-1999, since 2013)
Prime Minister Moin Qureshi (18 July 1993-19. October 1993) (acting)
Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto (1988-1990, 19 October 1993-1996)

Philippines Heads of state and head of government: President Fidel Ramos (1992-1998)

Singapore Head of state: President Wee Kim Wee ( 1985-1. September 1993 )
President Ong Teng Cheong (1 September 1993-1999)

Sri Lanka Head of state: President Ranasinghe Premadasa ( 1989-1. May 1993 )
President Banda Dingiri Wijetunga (1 May 1993-1994) (1989-1993 prime minister )

Prime Minister Dingiri Banda Wijetunga ( 1989-7. May 1993 ) (1993-1994 President )
Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe (1993-1994, 2001-2004)

Thailand Head of state: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (since 1946)
Head of government: Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai (1992-1995, 1997-2001)

Vietnam Head of state: President Lê Đức Anh (1992-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Võ Văn Kiệt (1988, 1991-1997) (until 1992 Chairman of the Council of Ministers )

Middle East

Armenia Head of state: President Levon Ter - Petrosian (1991-1998)
Head of government: Prime Minister Khosrov Arutjunjan ( 1992-2. February 1993)
Prime Minister Hrant Bagratjan (1991-1992, February 2, 1993-1996)

Azerbaijan Head of state: President Abulfas Eltschibei ( 1992-24. June 1993 )
President Heidar Aliyev (24 June 1993-2003)

Prime Minister Rahim Husseinov ( 1992-26. January 1993 )
Prime Minister Massimov Ali (26 January 1993-28. April 1993)
Prime Minister Panach Husseinov (28 April 1993-7. June 1993 )
Prime Minister Surat Husseinov (27 June 1993-1994)

Bahrain Head of State: Emir Isa II (1971-1999)
Head of government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia Head of state: President Eduard Shevardnadze (1992-2003)
Head of government: Prime Minister Tengiz Sigua (1991, 1992-1993)
President Eduard Shevardnadze (6 August 1993-20. August 1993 ) (acting)
Prime Minister Otar Pazazia (August 20, 1993-1995)

Head of state: President Vladislav Ardzinba (1992-2005)
Head of government:
Prime Minister Vazha Sarandija ( 1992-12. December 1993)
Prime Minister Sokrat Dschindscholija (1993-1994)

Head of state: Parliament President gate Kulumbegow (1992 - October 1993)
Parliament President Ludwig Chibirov ( October 1993-2001)

Prime Minister Oleg Tesejew ( 1991-27. September 1993 )
Prime Minister Gerasim Chugajew ( November 1993-1994, 2001-2003)

Iraq Head of state: President Saddam Hussein (1979-2003) (1979-1991, 1994-2003 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad Hamza al- Zubaidi ( 1991-5. September 1993 )
Prime Minister Ahmad Hussain Chudair as- Sammara'i (5 September 1993-1994)

Iran Religious leader: Supreme Leader Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) ( Prime Minister 1981-1989 )
Head of state: President Alī Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (1989-1997)

Israel Head of state: President Chaim Herzog ( 1983-13. May 1993 )
President Ezer Weizmann (May 13, 1993-2002)

Yemen Head of state: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Saleh (1990-2012) ( 1994 President ) ( 1978-1990 President of North Yemen )
Head of government: Prime Minister Haidar Abu Bakr al -Attas (1990-1994) (1985-1986 Prime Minister of South Yemen, 1986-1990 President of South Yemen )

Jordan Head of state: King Hussein (1952-1999)
Head of government: Prime Minister Zaid ibn Shaker (1989, 1991-29. May 1993 1995-1996)
Prime Minister Abdelsalam al - Majali (May 29, 1993-1995, 1997-1998)

Qatar Heads of State and Head of government: Emir Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani (1972-1995)

Kuwait Head of State: Emir Jabir III. (1977-2006) (1962-1963, Prime Minister 1965-1978 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Sa'ad al -Abdallah al- Salim al- Sabah (1978-2003) (2006 Emir )

Lebanon Head of state: President Élias Hrawi (1989-1998)
Head of government: Prime Minister Rafiq al -Hariri (1992-1998, 2000-2004)

Oman Heads of State and Head of Government: Sultan Qaboos bin Said (since 1970 )

Saudi Arabia Heads of State and Head of Government: King Fahd ibn Abd al - Aziz (1982-2005)

Syria Head of state: President Hafiz al -Assad (1971-2000) (1970-1971 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Mahmud Zuabi (1987-2000)

Turkey Head of state: President Turgut Özal ( 1989-17. April 1993) ( Prime Minister 1983-1989 )
Chairman of the National Assembly Huesamettin Cindoruk (17 April 1993-16. May 1993 ) (acting)
President Süleyman Demirel (16 May 1993-2000 ) ( 1965-1971, 1975-1977, 1977-1978, 1979-1980, 1991-1993 Prime Minister )

Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel (1965-1971, 1975-1977, 1977-1978, 1979-1980, 1991-16. May 1993 ) (1993-2000 President )
Erdal İnönü Prime Minister (16 May 1993-25. June 1993 ) (acting)
Prime Minister Tansu Çiller (June 25, 1993-1996)

United Arab Emirates Head of state: President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1971-2004) (1966-2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi )
Head of government: Prime Minister Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum (1971-1979, 1990-2006) (1990-2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan Head of state: Chairman of the Islamic Council Burhanuddin Rabbani (1992-1996)
Head of government: Prime Minister Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (1993-1994, 1996)

Kazakhstan Head of state: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (since 1991)
Head of government: Prime Minister Sergei Tereshchenko (1991-1994)

Kyrgyzstan Head of state: President Askar Akaev (1991-2005)
Head of government: Prime Minister Tursunbek Tschyngyschew ( 1992-13. December 1993)
Prime Minister Almanbet Matubraimov (13 December 1993-14. December 1993)
Prime Minister Apas Dschumagulow (14 December 1993-1998)

Mongolia Head of state: President Punsalmaagiin Otschirbat (1990-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Puntsagiin Dschasrai (1992-1996)

Tajikistan Head of state: President Emomali Rahmon (since 1992)
Head of government: Prime Minister Abdumalik Abdulladschanow ( 1992-18. December 1993)
Prime Minister Abduschalil Samadow (18 December 1993-1994)

Turkmenistan Heads of State and Head of Government: President Saparmurat Niyazov (1991-2006)

Uzbekistan Head of state: President Islom Karimov (since 1991)
Head of government: Prime Minister Abdulxashim Mutalov (1992-1995)

Australasia

Australia Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1952) Governor-General Bill Hayden (1989-1996)

Cook Islands ( independent state in free association with New Zealand ) Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965) Queen's Representative: Apenera Short (1990-2000)

Fiji Head of state: President Penaia Ganilau ( 1987-16. December 1993) ( 1983 to 1987 Governor General)
President Kamisese Mara (16 December 1993-2000 ) (Prime Minister 1970-1987, 1987-1992 )

Kiribati Heads of State and Head of Government: President Teatao Teannaki (1991-1994)

Marshall Islands Heads of State and Head of Government: President Amata Kabua (1986-1996)

Micronesia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Bailey Olter (1991-1997)

Nauru Heads of State and Head of Government: President Bernard Dowiyogo (1976-1978, 1989-1995, 1996, 1998-1999, 2000-2001, 2003, 2003 )

New Zealand Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1952) Governor General: Catherine Tizard (1990-1996)

Niue ( an independent state in free association with New Zealand ) Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1974) Queen's representative: Governor-General of New Zealand

Young Vivian ( 1992-9. March 1993, and from 2002 to 2008 ) (acting)
Prime Minister Frank Lui (March 9, 1993-1999)

Papua New Guinea Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1975) Governor General: Korowi Wiwa (1991-1997)

Solomon Islands Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1978) Governor General George Lepping (1988-1994)

Prime Minister Solomon Mamaloni (1981-1984, 1989-18. June 1993, 1994-1997)
Prime Minister Francis Billy Hilly (18 June 1993-1994)

Tonga Head of state: King Tupou IV Taufaahau (1970-2006)
Head of government: Prime Minister Baron Vaea (1991-2000)

Tuvalu Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1978) Governor General: Toaripi Lauti ( 1990-1. December 1993) ( 1978 to 1981 Prime Minister )
Tomu Sione (1 December 1993-1994)

Prime Minister Bikenibeu Paeniu ( 1989-10. December 1993, 1996-1999)
Prime Minister Kamuta Latasi (10 December 1993-1996)

Vanuatu Head of state: President Frederick Karlomuana Timakata (1984, 1989-1994)
Head of government: Maxime Carlot Korman (1991-1995, 1996)

Western Samoa (now Samoa) Head of state: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II (1962-2007)
Head of government: Prime Minister Tofilau Eti Alesana (1982-1985, 1988-1998)

Europe

Albania Head of state: President Sali Berisha (1992-1997) (2005-2013 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Aleksandër Meksi (1992-1997)

Andorra Co - Prince: President of France François Mitterrand (1981-1995)
Bishop of Urgell Joan Martí Alanís (1971-2003)

Belgium Head of state: King Baudouin I ( 1951-31. , July 1993)
Prime Minister Jean -Luc Dehaene (31 July 1993-9. August 1993 ) (acting)
King Albert II (9 August 1993-2013 )

Bosnia and Herzegovina President Alija Izetbegovic (1992-1998, 2000) ( from 1996 Chairman of the Presidency )
Head of government: President of the Council of Ministers Mile Akmadžić ( 1992-25. October 1993)
President of the Council of Ministers Haris Silajdžić (October 25, 1993-1996, 1997-2000)

Bulgaria Head of state: President Zhelev Schelju (1990-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Liuben Berov (1992-1994)

Denmark Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
Head of government: State Minister Poul Schlüter ( 1982-25. January 1993 )
State Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (January 25, 1993-2001)

Federal Republic of Germany Head of State: President Richard von Weizsäcker (1984-1994)
Head of Government: Chancellor Helmut Kohl (1982-1998)

Estonia Head of state: President Lennart Meri (1992-2001)
Head of government: Prime Minister Mart Laar (1992-1994, 1999-2002)

Finland Head of state: President Mauno Koivisto (1982-1994) (1968-1970, 1979-1982 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Esko Aho (1991-1995)

France Head of state: President François Mitterrand (1981-1995)
Head of government: Prime Minister Pierre Bérégovoy ( 1992-29. March 1993 )
Prime Minister Édouard Balladur (29 March 1993-1995)

Greece Head of State: President Konstantinos Karamanlis (1974, 1980-1985, 1990-1995) ( 1955-1958, 1958-1961, 1961-1963, 1974-1980 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Konstantinos Mitsotakis ( 1990-13. October 1993)
Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou (1981-1989, October 13, 1993-1996)

Ireland Head of state: President Mary Robinson (1990-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Albert Reynolds (1992-1994)

Iceland Head of state: President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (1980-1996)
Head of government: Prime Minister Oddsson Davíð (1991-2004)

Italy Head of state: President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992-1999)
Head of government: Prime Minister Giuliano Amato ( 1992-29. April 1993, 2000-2001 )
Prime Minister Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (29 April 1993-1994) (1999-2006 President )

Yugoslavia Head of state: Dobrica Cosic President ( 1992-1. June 1993 )
President Miloš Radulovic (1 June 1993-25. June 1993 ) (acting)
Minister Zoran Lilić (June 25, 1993-1997)

Prime Minister Milan Panić ( 1992-9. February 1993)
Prime Minister Radoje Kontić (9 February 1993-1998)

Croatia Head of state: President Franjo Tuđman (1991-1999)
Head of government: Government President Hrvoje Šarinić ( 1992-29. March 1993 )
Government President Nikica Valentić (29 March 1993-1995)

Latvia Head of state: Parliament speaker Anatoliy Gorbunovs ( 1991-8. , July 1993) (acting)
President Guntis Ulmanis (July 8, 1993-1999)

Prime Minister stop the Crisis ( 1991-3. August 1993, 2007-2009)
Prime Minister Valdis Birkavs (3 August 1993-1994)

Liechtenstein Head of state: Prince Hans -Adam II (since 1989)
Head of government: Hans Brunhart ( 1978-26. May 1993 )
Prime Minister Markus Büchel (26 May 1993-15. December 1993)
Prime Minister Mario Frick (December 15, 1993-2001)

Lithuania Head of state: President Algirdas Brazauskas (1992-1998) (2001-2006 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Bronislovas Luby ( 1992-10. March 1993 )
Prime Minister Adolfas Šleževičius (March 10, 1993-1996)

Luxembourg Head of State: Grand Duke Jean (1964-2000)
Head of government: Minister of State Jacques Santer (1984-1995)

Malta Head of state: President censu Tabone (1989-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Edward Fenech Adami (1987-1996, 1998-2004) (2004-2009 President )

Macedonia Head of state: President Kiro Gligorov (1991-1999)
Head of government: Prime Minister Branko Crvenkovski (1992-1998, 2002-2004) (2004-2009 President )

Moldova Head of state: President Mircea Snegur Ion (1991-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Andrei Sangheli (1992-1997)
Transnistria ( not internationally recognized ) President Igor Smirnov (1991-2011)

Monaco Head of State: Prince Rainier III. (1949-2005)
Head of government: Minister of State Jacques Dupont (1991-1994)

Netherlands Head of state: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
Head of government: Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers (1982-1994)

Norway Head of state: King Harald V (since 1991)
Head of government: Minister of State Gro Harlem Brundtland (1981, 1986-1989, 1990-1996)

Austria Head of State: President Thomas Klestil (1992-2004)
Head of Government: Chancellor Franz Vranitzky (1986-1997)

Poland Head of state: President Lech Wałęsa (1990-1995)
Head of government: Prime Minister Hanna Suchocka ( 1992-26. October 1993)
Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak (1992, October 26th, 1993-1995)

Portugal Head of state: President Mário Soares (1986-1996) (1976-1978, 1983-1985 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva (1985-1995) ( President since 2006 )

Romania Head of State: President Ion Iliescu (1989-1996, 2000-2004)
Head of government: Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu (1992-1996)

Russia Head of state: President Boris Yeltsin (1991-1999)
Head of government: Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin (1992-1998)

San Marino Captains Regent: Romeo Morri (1 October 1992-1. April 1993) and Marino Zanotti (1 October 1992-1. April 1993, 1997-1998)
Patrizia Busignani (1 April 1993-1. October 1993) and Salvatore Tonelli (1 April 1993-1. October 1993)
Gian Luigi Berti (1 October 1993-1. April 1994) and Paride Andreoli (1 October 1993-1. April 1994, 1997)

Sweden Head of state: King Carl XVI. Gustaf ( since 1973)
Head of government: Prime Minister Carl Bildt (1991-1994)

Switzerland Federal President Adolf Ogi (1993, 2000)
Bundesrat: Otto Stich (1984-1995)
Jean -Pascal Delamuraz (1984-1998)
Flavio Cotti (1987-1999)
Arnold Koller (1987-1999)
René Felber ( 1988-31. March 1993 )
Adolf Ogi (1988-2000)
Kaspar Villiger (1989-2003)

Slovakia ( 1 January 1993, independent) Head of state: Prime Minister Vladimir Meciar (1 January 1993-2. March 1993 ) (acting)
President Michal Kováč (March 2, 1993-1998)

Slovenia Head of State: President Milan Kučan (1991-2002)
Head of government: Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek (1992-2000, 2000-2002) (2002-2007 President )

Spain Head of state: King Juan Carlos I (since 1975)
Head of government: Prime Minister Felipe González (1982-1996)

Czech Republic (since January 1, 1993 independent) Head of state: Prime Minister Václav Klaus (1 January 1993-2. February 1993, 2003-2013 ) (acting)
President Václav Havel (February 2, 1993-2003)

Ukraine Head of State: President Leonid Kravchuk (1991-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Leonid Kuchma ( 1992-22. September 1993 ) ( 1994-2005 President )
Prime Minister Juchym Swjahilskyj (September 22, 1993-1994) (acting)

Hungary Head of state: President Arpad Göncz (1990-2000)
Head of government: Prime Minister József Antall ( 1990-12. December 1993)
Prime Minister Péter Boross (12 December 1993-1994)

Vatican City Head of state: Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)
Head of government: Cardinal Secretary of State Angelo Sodano (1990-2006)
President of the Governorate Rosalio Lara ( 1990-14. October 1997)

United Kingdom Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) ( crowned 1953)
Head of government: Prime Minister John Major (1990-1997)

Belarus Head of state: Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Stanislav Schuschkewitsch (1991-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Wjatschaslau Kebitsch (1991-1994)

Republic of Cyprus Heads of State and Head of Government: President George Vassiliou ( 1988-28. February 1993)
President Glafcos Clerides (February 28, 1993-2003)

Head of state: President Rauf Denktash (1983-2005)
Head of government: Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu (1985-1994, 1996-2004, 2009-2010) ( President since 2010 )

Comments

List of heads of government of Algeria List of heads of government of Burkina Faso The Gambia Prime Minister of Cameroon List of heads of government of Cape Verde People's Republic of the Congo List of heads of government of Lesotho List of rulers of Morocco Hassan II of Morocco List of heads of government of Morocco Prime Minister of Namibia Ali Mahdi Muhammad Umar Arteh Ghalib Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur List of Kings of Swaziland List of Prime Ministers of Tanzania Prime Minister of Tunisia Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Jean-Luc Mandaba List of Governors General of Canada List of Prime Ministers of Canada List of governors-general of Antigua and Barbuda Wilfred Jacobs Vere Bird The Bahamas Governor-General of the Bahamas Governor-General of Barbados Lloyd Erskine Sandiford Elmira Minita Gordon List of heads of government of Dominica Governor-General of Grenada List of heads of government of Grenada Jorge Serrano Elías Jean-Bertrand Aristide Prime Minister of Haiti Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero Governor-General of Jamaica Prime Minister of Jamaica Violeta Chamorro Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis List of Prime Ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis Kennedy Simmonds Governor-General of Saint Lucia List of Prime Ministers of Saint Lucia John Compton List of Governors-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines List of Prime Ministers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines James Fitz-Allen Mitchell List of Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago List of Prime Ministers of Guyana Prime Minister of Peru List of Prime Ministers of Suriname List of Prime Ministers of Bangladesh Druk Gyalpo List of Sultans of Brunei Li Peng List of Prime Ministers of India Hun Sen Kang Song-san Roh Tae-woo Kim Young-sam List of Prime Ministers of South Korea Lee Hoi-chang Azlan Shah of Perak Prime Minister of Malaysia Prime Minister of Burma Birendra of Nepal List of Prime Ministers of Nepal Farooq Leghari List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan Fidel V. Ramos Goh Chok Tong List of Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka Ranil Wickremasinghe List of Prime Ministers of Thailand Prime Minister of Armenia Khosrov Harutyunyan King of Bahrain Abkhazia Lyudvig Chibirov Gerasim Khugayev Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas List of kings of Jordan List of emirs of Kuwait Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah List of rulers of Oman Sergey Tereshchenko Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Mongolia Abdulhashim Mutalov List of governors-general of Australia Prime Minister of the Cook Islands Prime Minister of Fiji List of Governors-General of New Zealand Governor-General of Papua New Guinea Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Paias Wingti Governor-General of Solomon Islands Prime Minister of Solomon Islands Prime Minister of Tonga Governors-general of Tuvalu Jean-Luc Dehaene Albert II of Belgium Zhelyu Zhelev List of Prime Ministers of France List of Prime Ministers of Greece Anatolijs Gorbunovs List of heads of government of Liechtenstein Mario Frick (politician) Bronislovas Lubys Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg List of Prime Ministers of Luxembourg Eddie Fenech Adami Beatrix of the Netherlands List of Prime Ministers of Portugal List of Captains Regent of San Marino, 1700–1900 Federal Council (Switzerland) George Vasiliou

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