Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)

The present current taxonomy of the worm is the revision of Bouchet & Rocroi ( 2005). The taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi is recognized as a reference system.

The taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005 ) is a step further in the direction of phylogenetic taxonomies. Phylogenetic taxonomy are those that provide or infer lineages from a morphological close ( Formtaxa ), but are based on the statistical analysis of molecular genetic characteristics or feinmorphologischer no morphological criteria for the classification in the foreground.

Moreover, various taxa are still unnamed. For groups of animals with unnamed taxa currently no monophyly could either genetic studies demonstrated, or the paraphyly of this group or one of its subgroups is already known. They therefore bear only formal names such as group or informal group, as their permanent establishment is not justified by an explicit designation.

• 2.1 Paleozoic molluscs with indefinite position in the scheme 2.1.1 Uncertain Position: assignment to either Gastropoda or Monoplacophora not yet been

• 2.6.1 clade Cyrtoneritimorpha
• 2.6.2 clade Cycloneritimorpha

• 2.10.1 clade Littorinimorpha
• 2.10.2 Informal Group Ptenoglossa
• 2.10.3 clade Neogastropoda

• 2.19.1 Unterklade Oxynoacea
• 2.19.2 Unterklade Placobranchacea

• 2.22.1 Unterklade Pleurobranchomorpha
• 2.22.2 Unterklade Nudibranchia 2.22.2.1 Euctenidiacea clade ( = Holohepatica ) 2.22.2.1.1 Unterkladus Gnathodoridacea
• 2.22.2.1.2 Unterklade ' Doridacea

• 2.22.2.2.1 Pseudoeuctenidiacea clade ( = Doridoxida )
• 2.22.2.2.2 Cladobranchia clade ( = Cladohepatica )
• 2.22.2.2.3 Unterklade Euarminida
• 2.22.2.2.4 Unterklade Dendronotida
• 2.22.2.2.5 Unterklade Aeolidida

• 2.23.1 Informal Group Basommatophora 2.23.1.1 clade Hygrophila

• 2.23.2.1 Systellommatophora clade ( = Gymnomorpha )
• 2.23.2.2 clade Stylommatophora
• 2.23.2.3 Unterklade Elasmognatha
• 2.23.2.4 Unterklade Orthurethra
• 2.23.2.5 Informal Group Sigmurethra

• 3.1 Changes since the taxonomy Edition ( 2005)
• 3.2 Current Research and Proposals

The main categories: clades, groups and informal groups

A cladogram

An evolutionary lineage tree by Bouche & Rocroi ( 2005).

A short list of groups and informal groups

• Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position in the taxonomy
• Clade Patellogastropoda
• Clade Vetigastropoda
• Clade Cocculiniformia
• Clade Neritimorpha Paleozoic Neritimorpha, with an uncertain position within the Poruncertain
• Clade † Cyrtoneritimorpha
• Clade Cycloneritimorpha

• Caenogastropoda with uncertain position of the taxonomy
• Informal Group Architaenioglossa
• Clade Sorbeoconcha
• Clade Hypsogastropoda clade Littorinimorpha
• Informal Group Ptenoglossa
• Clade Neogastropoda

• Informal Group Low Heterobranchia
• Informal group Opisthobranchia clade Cephalaspidea
• Clade Thecosomata
• Clade Gymnosomata
• Clade Aplysiomorpha
• Group Acochlidiacea
• Clade Sacoglossa
• Group Cylindrobullida
• Clade Umbraculida
• Clade Nudipleura clade Pleurobranchomorpha
• Clade Nudibranchia clade Euctenidiacea
• Clade Dexiarchia clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea
• Clade Cladobranchia clade Euarminida
• Clade Dendronotida
• Clade Aeolidida

• Informal Group Basommatophora
• Clade Eupulmonata clade Systellommatophora
• Clade Stylommatophora clade Elasmognatha
• Clade Orthurethra
• Informal Group Sigmurethra

Taxonomy

In the following, further broken down list appears. Be indented only families and superfamilies. The clades are not indented. But their hierarchical rank manifests itself in the choice of a larger fonts.

Paleozoic molluscs with indefinite position in the scheme

Exist only as fossils.

Uncertain Position: assignment to either Gastropoda or Monoplacophora not yet been

• Not assigned to superfamily † Khairkhaniidae
• † Ladamarekiidae
• † Metoptomatidae
• † Patelliconidae
• † Protoconchoididae

• † Archinacellidae
• † Archaeopragidae

• † Pelagiellidae
• † Aldanellidae

• † Scenellidae
• † Coreospiridae
• † Igarkiellidae

• † Yochelcionellidae
• † Stenothecidae
• † Trenellidae

• Bellerophontoidea † Bellerophontidae
• † Bucanellidae
• † Bucaniidae
• † Euphemitidae
• † Pterothecidae
• † Sinuitidae
• † Tremanotidae
• † Tropidodiscidae

• Euomphaloidea † Euomphalidae
• † Helicotomidae
• † Lesueurillidae
• † Omphalocirridae
• † Omphalotrochidae

• † Macluritidae

Basal taxa secured their assignment to the Gastropoda

Exist only as fossils.

• Not assigned to superfamily † Anomphalidae
• † Codonocheilidae
• † Crassimarginatidae
• † Holopeidae
• † Isospiridae
• † Opisthonematidae
• † Paraturbinidae
• † Planitrochidae
• † Pragoserpulinidae
• † Pseudophoridae
• † Raphistomatidae
• † Rhytidopilidae
• † Scoliostomatidae
• † Sinuopeidae

• † Clisospiridae
• † Onychochilidae

• † Loxonematidae
• † Palaeozygoleuridae

• † Ophiletidae

• † Straparollinidae

• † Trochonematidae
• † Lophospiridae

Clade Patellogastropoda

• Superfamily Patelloidea Family Patellidae

• Family Nacellidae

• Family Lottiidae
• Family Acmaeidae
• Family Lepetidae

• Family Neolepetopsidae
• † family Daminilidae
• † family Lepetopsidae

Clade Vetigastropoda

• Not assigned to superfamily Family Ataphridae
• Family Pendromidae
• † family Schizogoniidae

• † family Amberleyidae
• † family Nododelphinulidae

• † family Eotomariidae
• † family Gosseletinidae
• † family Luciellidae
• † family Phanerotrematidae

• Family Fissurellidae

• Family Haliotidae
• † family Temnotropidae

• Family Lepetellidae
• Family Addisoniidae
• Family Bathyphytophilidae
• Family Caymanabyssiidae
• Family Cocculinellidae
• Family Osteopeltidae
• Family Pseudococculinidae
• Family Pyropeltidae

• Family Lepetodrilidae
• Family Clypeosectidae
• Family Sutilizonidae

• † family Murchisoniidae
• † family Cheeneetnukiidae
• † family Hormotomidae

• Family Neomphalidae
• Family Melanodrymiidae
• Family Peltospiridae

• Family Pleurotomariidae
• † family Catantostomatidae
• † family Kittlidiscidae
• † family Phymatopleuridae
• † family Polytremariidae
• † family Portlockiellidae
• † family Rhaphischismatidae
• † family Trochotomidae
• † family Zygitidae

• † family Porcelliidae
• † family Cirridae
• † family Discohelicidae
• † family Pavlodiscidae

• Family Scissurellidae
• Family Anatomidae

• Family Seguenziidae
• Family Chilodontidae
• † family Eucyclidae
• † family Laubellidae

• Family Trochidae
• Family Calliostomatidae
• † family Elasmonematidae
• † family Eucochlidae
• † family Microdomatidae
• † family Proconulidae
• Family Solariellidae
• † family Tychobraheidae
• † family Velainellidae

• Family Turbinidae
• Family Liotiidae
• Family Phasianellidae

Clade Cocculiniformia

• Superfamily Cocculinoidea Family Cocculinidae
• Family Bathysciadiidae

Neritimorpha clade ( = Neritopsina )

Contains the Palaeozoic Neritomorpha with unsecured position and the clades Cyrtoneritimorpha and Cycloneritimorpha

• Not assigned to superfamily † family Craspedostomatidae
• † family Pragoscutulidae

• † family Nerrhenidae

• † family Oriostomatidae
• † family Tubinidae

• † family Palaeotrochidae

• † family Platyceratidae

Clade Cyrtoneritimorpha

• † family Orthonychiidae
• † family Vltaviellidae

Clade Cycloneritimorpha

• Superfamily Helicinoidea Family Helicinidae
• † family Dawsonellidae
• † family Deaniridae
• Family Neritiliidae
• Family Proserpinellidae
• Family Proserpinidae

• Family Hydrocenidae

• Family Neritidae
• Family Phenacolepadidae
• † family Pileolidae

• Family Neritopsidae
• † family Cortinellidae
• † family Delphinulopsidae
• † family Plagiothyridae
• † family Pseudorthonychiidae
• Family Titiscaniidae

• † family Symmetrocapulidae

Clade Caenogastropoda

Contains the Caenogastropoda whose position is not yet clear: the informal group Architaenioglossa and the clades Sorbeoconcha, Hypsogastropoda.

• Caenogastropoda, even without an assignment † family Plicatusidae
• † family Spanionematidae
• † family Spirostylidae

• † family Acteoninidae
• † family Anozygidae
• † family Soleniscidae

• † family Dendropupidae
• † family Anthracopupidae

• † family Palaeostylidae
• † family Goniasmatidae
• † family Pithodeidae

• † family Perunelidae
• † family Chuchlinidae
• † family Imoglobidae
• † family Sphaerodomidae

• † family Pseudomelaniidae
• † family Trajanellidae

• † family Subulitidae
• † family Ischnoptygmatidae

• † family Zygopleuridae
• Family Abyssochrysidae
• † family Polygyrinidae
• † family Protoculidae
• Family Provannidae
• † family Pseudozygopleuridae

Informal Group Architaenioglossa

• Superfamily Ampullarioidea Family Ampullariidae
• † family Naricopsinidae

• Family Cyclophoridae
• Family Aciculidae
• Family Craspedopomatidae
• Family Diplommatinidae
• † family Ferussinidae
• Family Maizaniidae
• Family Megalomastomatidae
• Family Neocyclotidae
• Family Pupinidae

• Family Viviparidae
• † family Pliopholygidae

Clade Sorbeoconcha

• Not assigned to superfamily † family Acanthonematidae
• † family Canterburyellidae
• † family Prisciphoridae

• Family Cerithiidae
• Family Batillariidae
• † family Brachytrematidae
• † family Cassiopidae
• Family Dialidae
• Family Diastomatidae
• † family Eustomatidae
• † family Ladinulidae
• † family Lanascalidae
• Family Litiopidae
• † family Madraxidae
• Family Melanopsidae
• † family Metacerithiidae
• Family Modulidae
• Family Pachychilidae
• Family Paludomidae
• Family Planaxidae
• Family Pleuroceridae
• † family Popenellidae
• Family Potamididae
• † family Procerothiidae
• † family Prostyliferidae
• † family Propupaspiridae
• Family Scaliolidae
• Family Siliquariidae
• † family Terebrellidae
• Family Thiaridae
• Family Turritellidae

• Family Campanilidae
• Family Ampullinidae
• Family Plesiotrochidae
• † family Trypanaxidae

Clade Hypsogastropoda

Contains clades Littorinimorpha, Neogastropoda as well as the informal group Ptenoglossa.

• Not assigned to superfamily † family Coelostylinidae
• † family Maturifusidae
• † family Pommerozygiidae
• † family Settsassiidae

Clade Littorinimorpha

• Superfamily Calyptraeoidea Family Calyptraeidae

• Family Capulidae

• Family Cingulopsidae
• Family Eatoniellidae
• Family Rastodentidae

• Family Cypraeidae
• Family Ovulidae

• Family Ficidae

• Family Littorinidae
• † family Bohaispiridae
• Family Pickworthiidae
• Family Pomatiidae
• † family Purpurinidae
• Family Skeneopsidae
• † family Tripartellidae
• Family Zerotulidae

• Family Naticidae

• Family Pterotracheidae
• Family Atlantidae
• † family Bellerophinidae
• Family Carinariidae

• Family Rissoidae
• Family Amnicolidae
• Family Anabathridae
• Family Assimineidae
• Family Barleeiidae
• Family Bithyniidae
• Family Caecidae
• Family Calopiidae
• Family Cochliopidae
• Family Elachisinidae
• Family Emblandidae
• Family Epigridae
• Family Falsicingulidae
• Family Helicostoidae
• Family Hydrobiidae
• Family Hydrococcidae
• Family Iravadiidae
• Family Lithoglyphidae
• † family Mesocochliopidae
• Family Moitessieriidae
• † family Palaeorissoinidae
• Family Pomatiopsidae
• Family Stenothyridae
• Family Tornidae
• Family Truncatellidae

• Family Strombidae
• Family Aporrhaidae
• † family Colombellinidae
• † family Pugnellidae
• Family Seraphsidae
• Family Struthiolariidae
• † family Thersiteidae
• † family Tylostomatidae

• Family Tonnidae
• Family Bursidae
• Family Laubierinidae
• Family Personidae
• Family Pisanianuridae
• Family Ranellidae

• Family Vanikoridae
• Family Haloceratidae
• Family Hipponicidae
• † family Omalaxidae

• Family Velutinidae
• Family Triviidae

• Family Vermetidae

• Family Xenophoridae
• † family Lamelliphoridae

Informal Group Ptenoglossa

• Superfamily Epitonioidea Family Epitoniidae
• Family Janthinidae
• Family Nystiellidae

• Family Eulimidae
• Family Aclididae

• Family Triphoridae
• Family Cerithiopsidae
• Family Newtoniellidae

Clade Neogastropoda

• Not assigned to superfamily † family Johnwyattiidae
• † family Perissityidae
• † family Sarganidae
• † family Speightiidae
• † family Taiomidae
• † family Weeksiidae

• Family Buccinidae
• Family Colubrariidae
• Family Columbellidae
• Family Fasciolariidae
• Family Nassariidae
• Family Melongenidae

• Family Muricidae
• Family Babyloniidae
• Family Costellariidae
• Family Cystiscidae
• Family Harpidae
• Family Marginellidae
• Family Mitridae
• † family Pholidotomidae
• Family Pleioptygmatidae
• Family Strepsiduridae
• Family Turbinellidae
• Family Volutidae
• Family Volutomitridae

• Family Olividae
• Family Olivellidae

• Family Pseudolividae
• Family Ptychatractidae

• Family Conidae
• Family Clavatulidae
• Family Drilliidae
• Family Pseudomelatomidae
• Family Strictispiridae
• Family Terebridae
• Family Turridae

• Family Cancellariidae

Clade Heterobranchia

Contains the informal groups Heterobranchia, Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata.

Informal group of " Low Heterobranchia " ( = Allogastropoda )

• Not assigned to superfamily Family Cimidae
• † family Dolomitellidae
• † family Heterosubulitidae
• † family Kuskokwimiidae
• † family Misurinellidae
• Family Orbitestellidae
• Family Tjaernoeiidae
• Family Xylodisculidae

• Family Acteonidae
• † family Acteonellidae
• Family Aplustridae
• Family Bullinidae
• † family Zardinellidae

• Family Architectonicidae
• † family Amphitomariidae
• † family Cassianaxidae

• Family Glacidorbidae

• Family Mathildidae
• † family Ampezzanildidae
• † family Anoptychiidae
• † family Gordenellidae
• † family Tofanellidae
• † family Trachoecidae

• † family Nerineidae
• † family Ceritellidae
• † family Nerinellidae

• Family Omalogyridae
• † family Studraxidae

• Family Pyramidellidae
• Family Amathinidae
• † family Heteroneritidae
• Family Murchisonellidae

• Family Ringiculidae

• Family Rissoellidae

• † family Streptacididae
• † family Cassianebalidae

• Family Valvatidae
• Family Cornirostridae
• Family Hyalogyrinidae
• † family Provalvatidae

Informal group Opisthobranchia

Contains clades Cephalaspidea, Thecosomata, Gymnosomata, Aplysiomorpha, Sacoglossa, Umbraculida, Nudipleura and the groups Acochlidiacea and Cylindrobullida.

Clade Cephalaspidea

• Superfamily Bulloidea Family Bullidae

• Family Diaphanidae
• Family Notodiaphanidae

• Family Haminoeidae
• Family Bullactidae
• Family Smaragdinellidae

• Family Philinidae
• Family Aglajidae
• Family Cylichnidae
• Family Gastropteridae
• Family Philinoglossidae
• Family Plusculidae
• Family Retusidae

• Family Runcinidae
• Family Ilbiidae

Clade Thecosomata

• Superfamily Cavolinioidea Family Cavoliniidae
• Family Limacinidae
• † family Sphaerocinidae

• Family Cymbuliidae
• Family Desmopteridae
• Family Peraclidae

Clade Gymnosomata

• Superfamily Clionoidea Family Clionidae
• Family Cliopsidae
• Family Notobranchaeidae
• Family Pneumodermatidae

• Family Hydromylidae
• Family Laginiopsidae

Aplysiomorpha clade ( = Anaspidea )

• Superfamily Aplysioidea Family Aplysiidae

• Family Akeridae

Group Acochlidiacea

• Superfamily Acochlidioidea Family Acochlidiidae

• Family Hedylopsidae
• Family Ganitidae
• Family Livorniellidae
• Family Minicheviellidae
• Family Parhedylidae
• Family Tantulidae

• Family Palliohedylidae

• Family Strubelliidae
• Family Pseudunelidae

Clade Sacoglossa

Unterklade Oxynoacea

• Superfamily Oxynooidea Family Oxynoidae
• Family Juliidae
• Family Volvatellidae

Unterklade Placobranchacea

• Superfamily Placobranchoidea Family Placobranchidae
• Family Boselliidae
• Family Platyhedylidae

• Family Limapontiidae
• Family Caliphyllidae
• Family Hermaeidae

Group Cylindrobullida

• Superfamily Cylindrobulloidea Family Cylindrobullidae

Clade Umbraculida

• Superfamily Umbraculoidea Family Umbraculidae
• Family Tylodinidae

Clade Nudipleura

Unterklade Pleurobranchomorpha

• Superfamily Pleurobranchoidea Family Pleurobranchidae

Unterklade Nudibranchia

Contains clades Euctinidiacea and Dexiarchia.

• No related superfamily Family Rhodopidae

Euctenidiacea clade ( = Holohepatica )

Contains the Unterkladen Gnathodoridacea and Doridacea.

• Superfamily Bathydoridoidea Family Bathydorididae

• Superfamily Doridoidea Family Dorididae
• Family Actinocyclidae
• Family Chromodorididae
• Family Discodorididae

• Family Phyllidiidae
• Family Dendrodorididae
• Family Mandeliidae

• Family Onchidorididae
• Family Corambidae
• Family Goniodorididae

• Family Polyceridae
• Family Aegiretidae
• Family Gymnodorididae
• Family Hexabranchidae
• Family Okadaiidae

Dexiarchia clade ( = Actenidiacea )

Contains clades Pseudoeuctenidiacea and Cladobranchia.

• Superfamily Doridoxoidea Family Doridoxidae

Contains the Unterkladen Euarminida, Dendronotida and Aeolidida.

• Not assigned to superfamily Family Charcotiidae
• Family Dironidae
• Family Dotidae
• Family Embletoniidae
• Family Goniaeolididae
• Family Heroidae
• Family Madrellidae
• Family Pinufiidae
• Family Proctonotidae

• Superfamily Arminoidea Family Arminidae
• Family Doridomorphidae

• Superfamily Tritonioidea Family Tritoniidae
• Family Aranucidae
• Family Bornellidae
• Family Dendronotidae
• Family Hancockiidae
• Family Lomanoridae
• Family Phylliroidae
• Family Scyllaeidae
• Family Tethydidae

• Superfamily Flabellinoidea ( = Pleuroprocta ) Family Flabellinidae
• Family Notaeolidiidae

• Family Fionidae
• Family Calmidae
• Family Eubranchidae
• Family Pseudovermidae
• Family Tergipedidae

• Family Aeolidiidae
• Family Facelinidae
• Family Glaucidae
• Family Piseinotecidae

Informal group Pulmonata

Contains the informal group Basommatophora and the clade Eupulmonata.

Informal Group Basommatophora

Contains the clade Hygrophila

• Superfamily Amphiboloidea Family Amphibolidae

• Family Siphonariidae
• † family Acroreiidae

Clade Hygrophila

• Superfamily Chilinoidea Family Chilinidae
• Family Latiidae

• Family Acroloxidae

• Family Lymnaeidae

• Family Planorbidae
• Family Physidae

Clade Eupulmonata

Contains clades Systellommatophora and Stylommatophora.

• Superfamily Trimusculoidea Family Trimusculidae

• Family Otinidae
• Family Smeagolidae

• Family Ellobiidae

Systellommatophora clade ( = Gymnomorpha )

• Superfamily Onchidioidea Family Onchidiidae

• Family Veronicellidae
• Family Rathouisiidae

Clade Stylommatophora

Contains the Unterkladen Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra.

Unterklade Elasmognatha

• Superfamily Succineoidea Family Succineidae

• Family Athoracophoridae

Unterklade Orthurethra

• Superfamily Partuloidea Family Partulidae
• Family Draparnaudiidae

• Family Achatinellidae

• Family Cochlicopidae
• Family Amastridae

• Family Pupillidae
• Family Argnidae
• Family Chondrinidae
• † family Cylindrellinidae
• Family Lauriidae
• Family Orculidae
• Family Pleurodiscidae
• Family Pyramidulidae
• Family Spelaeodiscidae
• Family Strobilopsidae
• Family Valloniidae
• Family Vertiginidae

• Family Enidae
• Family Cerastidae

Informal Group Sigmurethra

• Superfamily Clausilioidea Family Clausiliidae
• † family Anadromidae
• † family Filholiidae
• † family Palaeostoidae

• Family Orthalicidae
• Family Cerionidae
• Family Coelociontidae
• † family Grangerellidae
• Family Megaspiridae
• Family Placostylidae
• Family Urocoptidae

• Family Achatinidae
• Family Ferussaciidae
• Family Micractaeonidae
• Family Subulinidae

• Family Aillyidae

• Family Testacellidae
• Family Oleacinidae
• Family Spiraxidae

• Family Papillodermatidae

• Family Streptaxidae

• Family Rhytididae
• Family Chlamydephoridae
• Family Haplotrematidae
• Family Scolodontidae

• Family Acavidae
• Family Caryodidae
• Family Dorcasiidae
• Family Macrocyclidae
• Family Megomphicidae
• Family Strophocheilidae

• Family Plectopylidae
• Family Corillidae
• Family Sculptariidae

• Family Punctidae
• † family Anastomopsidae
• Family Charopidae
• Family Cystopeltidae
• Family Discidae
• Family Endodontidae
• Family Helicodiscidae
• Family Oreohelicidae
• Family Thyrophorellidae

• Family Sagdidae

The clade Sigmurethra contains two families who do not belong to the clade Limacoiden.

• Superfamily Arionoidea Family Arionidae
• Family Anadenidae
• Family Ariolimacidae
• Family Binneyidae
• Family Oopeltidae
• Family Philomycidae

• Family Helicidae
• Family Bradybaenidae
• Family Camaenidae
• Family Cepolidae
• Family Cochlicellidae
• Family Elonidae
• Family Epiphragmophoridae
• Family Halolimnohelicidae
• Family Helicodontidae
• Family Helminthoglyptidae
• Family Humboldtianidae
• Family Hygromiidae
• Family Monadeniidae
• Family Pleurodontidae
• Family Polygyridae
• Family Sphincterochilidae
• Family Thysanophoridae
• Family Trissexodontidae
• Family Xanthonychidae

Changes since 2005

Changes in taxonomy since issue (2005)

• 2006-2007 taxonomy of Helcionelloida whose group was assigned to the " Paleozoic molluscs with unsecured position"
• The Provannidae family was placed in the superfamily Abyssochrysoidea ( Tomlin, 1927)
• A new family was named: Hokkaidoconchidae ( Kaim, Jenkins & Goods, 2008)
• Appreciation of the Depressizoninae to a family Depressizonidae: Geiger ( 2009)
• 2006 Polyphylie the Trochoidea and Turbinidae was found and Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea were redefined in 2008.

Current Research and Proposals

• After phylogenetic studies on the basis of sequence analysis of genomes of mitochondria were Grande et al. (2008 ) concluded that the snails are polyphyletic, which are not monophyletic Euthyneura, as in the tests were part of the Pyramidelloidea Euthyneura; the Opisthobranchia are not monophyletic, since Siphonaria pectinata should not belong to the group of the Opisthobranchia.