Brougham (car body)

The term Brougham was taken from the coach- to automotive age. Originally a one-horse, four-wheeled, closed carriage designated so that was very popular 1840-1900. It was therefore obvious that early automobile manufacturers and especially body corporate ( which usually lived mainly from the wheelwright ) came back to it because it this structure well known and were entitled to conclude that known types would also be more easily accepted by the customer. As the carriage was invented in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the term was fairly common as body style in Europe only until 1900. In the U.S., she stayed longer and in a surprising diversity.

  • 2.1 Panel Brougham
  • 2.2 Brougham landaulet
  • 3.1 Brougham
  • 3.2 Brougham landaulets
  • 4.1 Cadillac (Series )
  • 4.2 Chrysler ( alternative body name)
  • 4.3 Hudson ( alternative body name)
  • 4.4 Mercury (Series )
  • 5.1 AMC Ambassador
  • 5.2 Cadillac
  • 5.3 Chevrolet
  • 5.4 Oldsmobile
  • 5.5 Pontiac
  • 5.6 Chrysler
  • 5.7 Dodge
  • 5.8 Ford
  • 5.9 Mercury

Brougham as Innenlenker

Over time, the term has been used for various structures Brougham. In the 1890s, initially developed a version with 2 or 4 seats for driver and operating a self-drive. Both lean heavily on the horse-drawn design. The difference is that the chauffeur variant has the driver's seat in front of the cabin outdoors. " Driver's seat " may well be taken literally; there are versions with a centrally located single seat and others with a bench seat.

The guided from within Brougham is a precursor of the coupe. The longest this design held in electric cars where they could be found by the end of the 1920s, such as the Detroit Electric until 1928.

A two-door " Brougham variant led the then the upper middle class to associate the Cadillac brand in 1916 with the Type 53 a. She was 2950 U.S. $ one of the more expensive of nine available designs. Indicated was a seat number 5-7 [ Note 1 ].

From about 1915, a contrast to "normal " 7- seater Sedan and Pullman limousines from outside barely detectable. A unique feature of the Brougham seem to be the front and center single seats. Four -door usually had a front bench seat could be stowed in the back any spare seats. Old recordings show that the interior including seat covers consisted of fabric, the driver's seat, however, was covered with black leather. Maybe so the larger wear was worn on the driver's bill.

Extension Front Brougham

Also, this term goes back to the Brougham carriage. It was common in the U.S. for versions that were known in the UK as Brougham Coupe and Clarence. The body was so extended in the front part that either a child seat ( Brougham coupe ) or a bench ( Clarence ) could be accommodated with their backs to the direction of travel. It seems that the latter was also known as double Brougham.

Fore Drive, Rear Drive, Dual Drive

From the seating arrangement described under traction -front Brougham is another feature revealed. Analogous to the Vis - à-vis, one of the earliest automotive forms ever, these vehicles were driven from the back seat. The driver looked at the passengers over the shoulder. The reason is probably to be sought in the Late Victorian politeness: It did not turn back on, and certainly not a lady. This arrangement was often called Rear Drive and did not stay long, for obvious reasons. Only in the comparatively slow electric cars this time she was found to about 1928. The now generally accepted position of the driver was then called to distinguish Fore Drive. Moreover, there was versions with a removable steering column which could be mounted in two different places and DualDrive were called. For Woods, one of the major producers in this industry, welcomed the corresponding versions of Front, Rear or Dual Control.

Salon Brougham

The designation salon refers to the arrangement of the seats. It corresponds in principle known from today's minivans arrangement. Behind the front bucket seats are two further positioned so that a gap remains between them. It seems that later jump seats were used, which could be folded up and sunk into the ground. These seats are normally on the rear door ( not sliding door still tailgate like the minivan ) accessible. The gap between the seats is the passage to a bench in the rear. The room arrangement is not limited to Brougham; it is also known by the Touring car, the sedan and the sedan and spreads luxury manufacturers such as Packard and Pierce -Arrow.

Sport Brougham

The Sport Brougham largely corresponds to the Sport Sedan. How can in this (and other ) terms not find an exact definition because the coachbuilders directed their names more by marketing than by technical principles. A note is the presence of its roofs covered with leather, storm straps and a round or oval window in the rear roof pillars; Attributes that we bring today rather less with " sportsmanship " in conjunction.

A sports Brougham was found in Packard in 1941 on sale: LeBaron built it on the chassis of the top model Custom Eight One- Eighty (model 1907) as a 5- person Sport Brougham, Design No. 1452nd

Although not called that correspond to the sport produced in a very small edition 1939-1942 Sedan, respectively. Convertible Sedan meets the criteria for a sport or Brougham Brougham All Wheather as further described below.

Town Brougham and variants

The addition of " Town" in the body designation usually implies a vehicle with open front design and chauffeur - operation; see also Town Car and Town Landaulet. The Town Brougham ( rare Brougham de Ville) differs from Brougham through the open driver's compartment and an enclosed passenger compartment. This steered from the outside version of the Brougham has been around since about 1895. The market for these very expensive vehicles has always been limited. Thus, such bodies were also still made ​​by hand as separate items or in the smallest arteries as the industrial body had become customary. Town Brougham eventually evolved into a hybrid of closed cars and convertible, in which the driver sits in an actual convertible part of the vehicle and the other passengers in the closed part. Last sedans from the series production were adjusted accordingly, which not only lowered the cost of production, but also the chauffeur brought significantly more comfort.

Just because these bodies were made ​​individually, there is also a certain range of detailed solutions. In the variants listed below, therefore, its distinctive features can blur. In addition, both the coachbuilders as well as the marketing departments of chassis suppliers were quite creative in naming. By the time approached to the inner and outer arm. Ultimately, the names Brougham Brougham and Sport were (described below ) is not much more than a little fuller sounding name for Sport Sedan, Club Sedan or Close -coupled sedan, usually with a shorter passenger space and an externally accessible baggage compartment. A very elegant Custom Brougham an exterior sun visor, drawee with leather roof and landau irons arose in 1924 in Brunn in Buffalo (New York) on the chassis of Packard Single Eight Outside differences to a Club Sedan are no longer detectable.

Panel Brougham

Panel Brougham have sharply drawn, rather angular lines, especially in the rear roof area.

An early example of a Panel Brougham was built by Brewster in New York in 1911 on the chassis of a French Delaunay - Belleville. The body was set in 1936 with a rather dubious success on a Packard One- Twenty chassis. In this form, the car still exists today.

A particularly spectacular example of a Town Brougham emerged as a " recreation " (replica of the original body on a chassis ) on the chassis of a Cadillac V16 ( series 453B ) of 1931. Replica of The Fleetwood body ( Design No. 4264B ) was the official Cadillac sale catalog has been offered. Only three were actually built of which apparently no longer exists. The exclusive features was braid which was attached to the rear part of the body.

The economic crisis contributed significantly to the fact that Town Cars were always less in demand. Even those who could afford up to $ 10,000 for such a Autom, thought twice about whether he wanted to be seen at such times in it. Packard responded by were ordered by the Panel Brougham at Rollston in New York City from 1937 small series. Although the body could also be adapted to the larger chassis were most precisely for reasons of cost on the small eight-cylinder One- Twenty, respectively. Eight built.

Rollston also developed a new roof mechanism for the driver compartment. About the front doors, a longitudinal beam entrained between the windshield and roof were used. On the inside of the guide rails were installed in the roof which the metal was carried out. This was supplied on its own rails between roof and sky of the passenger compartment and could be similarly pulled out a sliding forward. The struts being run and secured to the windshield. The system works much like the Citroën C3 Pluriel.

The renowned coachbuilder advertised with comparatively low prices and in spite of the dimensions of an average family car but make very conservative appearance. The angular body contrasted in an idiosyncratic way with the rounded lines of the fender of the car series.

"Compact " luxury cars of this type were quickly established with other coachbuilders, such as Brewster. where even a version for the Ford V8 was built. Going a step further went Derham on behalf of a nostalgic customers. This version also received fenders in the " retro " look. The result is a bit of getting used to and is aesthetically not come close to other creations of the traditional company from Rosemont (Pennsylvania). On the One- Twenty chassis, at least one panel Brougham, who came very close to execution of Rollston arose. Contracting Authority was supposed to be the opera singer Lily Pons. But Derham built this body type on request can be enjoyed on larger models on, as Panel Brougham Brougham or Glass Panel with a disc in the rear roof pillar or used a standard sedan as a base to also relatively cheap remodeling.

Brougham landaulet

Analogous to the Landaulet also Brougham Landaulet has a convertible top over the rear of the body. In Europe, the names Landaulet de Ville or Sedanca de Ville are common.

Gallery

Brougham

Packard Twin Six Series 1-35 Town Car Limousine by Kimball ( 1916)

Minerva Type AK 32 CV Coupe Chauffeur d' leteren (1928 )

Rolls- Royce Phantom III Sedanca de Ville ( 1937) by Freestone & Webb (1947 ) Chassis No. 103CP38

Brougham landaulets

Hedag Electric Brougham Landaulet (1905 )

Renault Type 40 CV Landaulet de Ville by Kellner ( 1922)

Rolls- Royce Phantom II Sedanca Cabriolet ( Brougham landaulet ) ( 1929)

Other uses of the term

Cadillac (Series )

  • Cadillac Eldorado Brougham

Chrysler ( alternative body name)

In the 1930s, Chrysler used the designation 2 Door Touring Brougham for a two-door sedan. The suffix " Touring" was a common euphemism for a version with integrated trunk; often both variants were offered and therefore had to be distinguished. There is no reference to Touring car.

Hudson ( alternative body name)

The Hudson Motor Car Co. was a traditional manufacturer of middle-class cars. He used the term 2 Door Brougham from 1936 quite confusing; initially only for a 2 Door Sedan ( 2 Door Sedan elsewhere such vehicles, Club Sedan or simply coach were called. ), and later as part of the model name for the Cabriolet: Convertible Brougham.

Mercury (Series )

Only in 1967 there was the Mercury Brougham as the top model of the brand.

Brougham as a trim

In line with this exclusive body variant in 1970, especially in the United States was an upmarket trim level for different, almost exclusively American car brands. Brougham was often a part of the model name. It is hardly a coincidence that just at this time in the U.S., the trend appeared, addressing issues from the "classical" period of automobile 1930-1940. These vinyl roofs in different versions - all over the roof, or as Landau - resp. Opera Roof only in the rear area, with false storm brackets ( Landau bars ) on the C-pillar and from about 1975 heavily padded - were as much a top model like color matched trim, coach lamps ( position lights on the B- pillar), Opera windows (not that open small windows in the C-pillar, often with engraved acting ornaments in glass), Speichenradkappen and matching logos, emblems and ornaments. Inside there were ultra soft Split Benches in which one sank deep, applications with wood imitation (and rarely real wood ) in all imaginable places and whole batteries of lights and lamps.

AMC Ambassador

American Motors (AMC ) used the term " Brougham " exclusively for the most expensive of the three trim levels of their largest model AMC Ambassador. Until 1969, were the Ambassador, Ambassador DPL and Ambassador SST. In conjunction with a facelift replaced the " Brougham " the " SST ", this was the new medium variant and " DPL " was the name given to the basic version. Electric front windows were only the " Brougham " standard. As in the previous year, the top model in the smallest V8 engine with 4752 cc (290 ci) and 225 bhp (168 kW) as standard equipment; simpler versions had six-cylinder engines. Stronger versions were available on request in all trim levels; So the Brougham could also be ordered with the larger V8 engine with 5621 cc (343 ci) and 280 bhp (209 kW) or 6391 cc (390 ci) and 315 bhp (235 kW). The " Brougham " equipment was available for all three Ambassador bodies. It included vinyl roofs at Sedan and Coupe and wood décor on the flanks of the station wagon.

In 1970, there was a small facelift. Among other things, the " Brougham " received standard individually adjustable seats forward. The sports steering wheel cost $ 30 extra charge. Automatic transmission and air conditioning were standard in 1971 for the " Brougham ". In 1971 some of the exclusivity over the other trim levels lost because the Ambassador was available exclusively as a V8. The following year, accounted for the basic version " DPL " and also the " SST " 1973, so the Ambassador was available only as a " Brougham ". The 1974 models received a hood ornament and the coupe accounted for because now the new Matador coupe was available as Personal Luxury. The series was discontinued without replacement at the end of the model year.

Cadillac

The term " Brougham " has a long tradition in Cadillac

Chevrolet

Oldsmobile

Pontiac

Chrysler

  • Chrysler New Yorker Brougham

Dodge

Ford

Mercury

More not more common automotive shapes

  • Convertible Victoria
  • Dos -à- dos
  • Dual Cowl Phaeton
  • Faux Cabriolet
  • Hanson
  • Opera Coupe
  • Park Buggy
  • Roi -des- Belges
  • Fore Seat Runabout
  • Fore Door Touring
  • Surrey
  • Stanhope
  • Toy Tonneau
  • Victoria Phaeton
  • Voiturette

Other names for Topausstattungen ( USA, selection)

  • Classic ( Chevrolet, Studebaker )
  • Custom (Packard, Clipper )
  • LeBaron (Chrysler )
  • Limited ( Buick )
  • LJ ( Pontiac )
  • SST ( AMC)

Trivia

  • The Detroit Electric of Grandma Duck was a Brougham as it was built from about 1915 to 1928 externally almost unchanged.
  • For The Munsters (1964-1966) U.S. TV series designed George Barris of Barris Customs more crazy cars in hot rod style. Three of them, called The Munsters Koach, were carried out as Brougham Landaulet. They consisted of three bodies of Model T Ford with a Ford Cobra V8 engine with a displacement of 289 ci or 4738 cc. One of these vehicles served as a model for a plastic model kit by AMT in scale 1: 25
  • The Cadillac mentioned in Article V16 Fleetwood Brougham Panel of 1931 was a plastic model kit in scale 1: 25 available. Manufacturer was Jo- Han (GC -731 ).

Comments

Pictures of Brougham (car body)

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Brougham (carriage) Victorian era Mini MPV Sedan, Ardennes Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company LeBaron Incorporated Packard 180 Sports sedan Delaunay-Belleville Packard One-Twenty Fleetwood Metal Body Rolls-Royce Phantom III Hudson Motor Car Company Facelift (automotive) AMC Matador Ford LTD (Americas) Surrey (carriage) Clipper (automobile) Engine displacement Rumble seat
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