Guizhou

- Total - Contribution to PRC

176.1 thousand km ² 1.83%

- Total 2010 - Density

37.98 million inhabitants 222 inhabitants / km ²

Guizhou (in Chinese贵州 省/贵州 省Guizhou Sheng, pronunciation? / I ) is a province in southwest China.

The province is a mountainous basin in which there an old saying that ' no three feet flat land, not three days without rain, and no man with three yuan " are. It was difficult to access from the outside world and is considered the poorest province in China.

Geography

Here is the Huangguoshu Waterfall the largest waterfall in Asia. The distinctive karst landscape is the central settlement of the Bouyei.

About 73 % of the area are pending limestone. The Bodenbeckung the Karst formations is low. In limestone, there are numerous caves and underground rivers.

Climate

The climate is subtropical and humid with blurred season contrasts. The average annual temperature is 15 ° C and the average annual rainfall is 900 mm -1500 mm. Guizhou is cloudy 220 days a year, and thus the province with the most cloudy days. The name of the provincial capital Guiyang means " precious sunshine ."

History

Guizhou came 2000 years ago under Chinese rule. The establishment of the province was 1413. Immigration of Han Chinese began during the Sui and Tang dynasties, between the late 6th and early 10th century, initially only in the western part of today's province. An increasing number of Han Chinese immigrants from the late 14th century, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, one in the entire province. Especially the Tunpu (屯堡 人), a group of Han Chinese, whose ancestors migrated around 600 years ago, have preserved many features ming- time culture to this day.

After the fall of the Empire and thus the beginning of the collapse of the central authority dominated in the first half of the 20th century warlords the province. By 1920, Liu dominated Xianshi (刘显世) to 1926 controlled the neighboring province of Yunnan dominant General Tang Jiyao (唐继尧) and Guizhou. In 1935, the Zunyi Conference was held in Zunyi. Only after the Kuomintang National Government was able to prevail. During World War II fled numerous merchants, civil servants and intellectuals from the Japanese here; they played an important role for the development after the war. On November 15, 1949, the capital of Guiyang was conquered by the People's Liberation Army, founded the People's Government of Guizhou Province on December 26, 1949.

Ethnic minorities

In Guizhou, there are 17 different ethnic minorities, among which 14 may be called indigenous. The latter are mainly the Bouyei, Miao and Dong, but also Bai, Gelao, Maonan, Mulam, Qiang, She, Sui, Tujia, Yao, Yi and Zhuang. Immigrated Throughout Chinese history in greater numbers are the Hui, Manchu and Mongol. Together, the ethnic minorities out of 37 % of the population and have 55 % of the area of regional autonomy. Here are three particularly the autonomous districts in the south of the province to call: Qiannan, Qianxi'nan and Qiandongnan. Most indigenous ethnic minorities living in the mountains, where they have withdrawn the advance of the Han Chinese.

Administrative divisions

The Guizhou province is divided into six prefecture-level cities and three autonomous districts, 56 counties, 11 autonomous counties, 13 municipalities, seven county-level cities and one special area, which are subject to municipalities in 1558.

Economy

Several million people live below the official poverty line, including a large proportion of the members of national minorities. Almost all new jobs and private businesses were occupied by migrants from Sichuan. The economic center of the province is the capital of Guiyang. Thanks to the mild climate, the agriculture in Guizhou is well developed. The main crops are rice, maize, potatoes, tobacco and sugar cane. The province produces a wide variety of medicinal herbs and is one of four major medicinal herbs growing areas in China.

Guizhou has a variety of mineral resources. The province has the most important mercury deposits in China. Inventories of bauxite, phosphorus, manganese, antimony, and coal are among the most important in the country. In the industry so dominated sectors such as mining, smelting industry, non-ferrous metal industry, chemical industry and mechanical engineering. The Food and tobacco industry are other important industries. The best known, however, is the Maotai liquor.

The economy in Guizhou is overall weakly developed in spite of rich natural resources and convenient location in the country. Thus, the GDP per capita 2002 (8/2004, according to current CHINA ) was 3153 yuan ( about 295 € ) and was thus by far the lowest of all the provinces of China. With responsible for the difficult geographical conditions are likely to be, the way of economic development. In the wake of the sharp increase in demand for raw materials for the Chinese industry of mining was intensified and in the process, the GDP per capita in 2006 (according to a brochure from the provincial government in the autumn of 2007) to 5750 yuan (about € 537 ). The government is increasingly making efforts to develop economically Guizhou. Thus, the transport infrastructure should be reinforced.

A good development potential is seen in tourism. The necessary transport infrastructure is largely already in place.