Habib Bourguiba
Habib Bourguiba (Arabic الحبيب بورقيبة Al-Habib Bū Ruqaiba, Tunisian Arabic Habib Bourguiba, born August 3, 1903 in Monastir, † April 6, 2000 ibid ) was 1957-1987, the first President of the Republic of Tunisia.
Childhood
Habib Bourguiba was born in the town of Monastir on August 3, 1903. He came from a middle-class family. His father was an army officer. He was the youngest of eight siblings.
Training
Habib Bourguiba visited as a child's primary school in Sadikienne, went to Collège Sadiki in Tunis and made at the Lycee Carnot de Tunis in 1924 graduated from high school. In the same year he moved to Paris, where he graduated in 1927 at the Sorbonne in law and political science. In the same year he married the Frenchwoman Mathilde Lorrain, born in Saint- Maur- des-Fosses. Also in 1927 she bore him a son, Habib Bourguiba Jr. II, who later became foreign minister under Bourguiba.
The pursuit of independence
In 1933 he founded a journal, the formed the Tunisian independence movement. From this group he founded - first a member of the Destur Party - after his studies on 1 March 1934, the Neo - Destour Party, which advocated the independence of Tunisia from France. In 1947, he moved to Egypt and represented in the newly formed Arab League and from the Maghreb. Later he returned to France and came several times in French custody, but nevertheless remained a recognized leader of his party, which represented the radical wing of the Tunisian nationalism. During his last prison sentence Bourguiba negotiated unofficially with the French government over the independence of Tunisia. In 1955 he was released, returned in June 1955 back to Tunisia and ousted his rival Salah ben Youssef from the party leadership.
Independence and presidential
On March 20, 1956 had granted independence in France Tunisia. First Prime Minister, Bourguiba was after brought about by him abdication of King Muhammad VIII al Amin first president of the proclaimed on July 25, 1957 Republic of Tunisia. He pursued an authoritarian style of government by which he tried to control almost all aspects of life of his subjects. In his office he left in 1975 confirm for life. Despite tensions with France over the question of troop withdrawal from Tunisia and the expropriation of foreign land ownership Bourguiba pursued a west facing policy.
Similar to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk saw Bourguiba Islamists as an existential threat to the essence of the Tunisian state. The promotion of secularism, he looked closely associated with the order and the nature of the state. And because Islamists were not of one mind with him in this fundamental political principle, their access to the political system in its entirety is denied. Bourguiba here had no inclination to compromise: after bomb attacks in tourist areas he campaigned for executions of Islamists in a big way. He was also often an opponent of Muslim religious traditions, he spoke of the veil as a " hideous rag ". After he came to power, he expropriated land in the hands of Islamic institutions, convicted of certain religious norms jurisdiction in a secular legal system and adopted a secular civil law.
Bourguiba's first marriage ended in divorce in 1961 and the following year he married Wassila Ben Ammar (deceased 1999), which came from an influential Tunisian family. This marriage ended in divorce in 1986, but previously Ammar exercised de facto from the Tunisian official duties, as Habib Bourguiba increasingly no longer attended from senility in political life.
1981, the one-party rule was weakened and opposition parties were legalized.
Disempowerment
1987 Bourguiba was deposed on grounds of age of Zine el Abidine Ben Ali and placed under house arrest.
According to Habib Bourguiba Menzel Bourguiba and the city were named streets in many cities in Tunisia, including the famous Boulevard Avenue Habib Bourguiba in the capital Tunis. In addition, the international airport of Monastir is named after the former president.
To Bourgibas honor and memory were also even during his lifetime in his native city of Monastir one Mosque ( Jami ' Burqîba ) and a mausoleum (Turbat al Burqîba with permanent exhibition on Habib Bourguiba ) built with a huge forecourt.