Template: Infobox file format / Maintenance / Magic number is missing
Template: Infobox file format / Maintenance / Screenshot Format
W3C HTML 4.01 W3C HTML 3.2
The Hypertext Markup Language (from the Engl; , hypertext markup language '), abbreviated as HTML, is a text- based markup language for structuring digital content, such as text, images and hyperlinks in electronic documents.
HTML documents are the basis of the World Wide Web and are represented by a web browser.
In addition to the content of a Web page displayed by the browser HTML contains additional information in the form of metadata that provide, for example, about the language used in the text and / or its author information or summarize the content of the text.
HTML is developed by the World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C) and the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group ( WHATWG );
currently bears the mark-up language, the version number 4.01.
HTML5 ( W3C ) and Living Standard ( from WHATWG ) are in development, but are already supported by many current layout engines.
In parallel there is also the Extensible Hypertext Markup Language ( XHTML).
- 6.1 Strict
- 6.2 Transitional
- 6.3 frameset
- 7.1 Cascading Style Sheets
- 7.2 Dynamic HTML
- 7.3 XML
- 7.4 Ajax
Formation
Prior to the development of the World Wide Web and its components, including HTML heard, it was not possible to obtain information digitally easy, fast and structured exchange between several people.
We next transmission protocols also needed an easy-to -understand text markup language.
Right here was the starting point of HTML.
In order to share research results with other staff of the European Organization for Nuclear Research ( CERN) and make it accessible from the two sites in France and in Switzerland, was founded in 1989 at CERN a project that dealt with the solution of this problem.
On 3 November 1992, the first version of the HTML specification published.
Syntax
The text ( english markup ) portions of the text given a structure by awards.
The award is made by SGML elements.
Most of these HTML elements are marked by a tag pair, that is, by a start tag and an end tag.
A start tag always begins with the character <.
It follows the element name (eg p for a paragraph or a heading for h1 first order) and, optionally, a list of its attributes (eg class = "warning" ).
With a > the start tag is closed.
An end tag consists of the characters .
Belonging together start and end tags, together with the intervening content an element of general SGML specification.
These elements can be according to rules in a document type definition (DTD ) are given, nest:
A text paragraph that contains a fitting < / em > word.
Certain elements need not be explicitly listed.
For some elements may according to the SGML rule " OMITTAG " the end tag is missing ( for example, < / p > or < / li > ).
In addition, in element and attribute names are case -insensitive does not matter (eg , , ).
For comparison: In XHTML, these rules are written stricter.
In addition to elements with start and end tags are available in HTML and meaningless elements such as line breaks (br) or images ( img ).
A line of text
that continues here.
It is in HTML to descriptive (English descriptive ), not procedural (English procedural ) and representation -oriented (English presentational ) markup, even if HTML was used in earlier versions of this.
HTML elements are not specified for the presentation that tell the Web browser how he has to format the text visually.
Rather, elements are a structuring award with which text regions can be assigned a meaning, eg
... < / h1 > for a headline,
... < / p > for a paragraph of text and ... for underlined text.
As this meaning is ultimately conveyed to the user first left (in the case of a headline, for example by enlarged, bold font ) is the Web browser and depends on the output environment.
For although HTML documents are usually represented on computer screens, it can be spent on other media, such as on paper or via the voice output.
CSS styles are suitable to to influence the presentation of an HTML document in different media.
Therefore, elements and attributes apply to the presentation as ... < / font >, ... < / u> and noshade than disapproved (English deprecated ) and should be avoided generally considered.
The reading of the source code as well as the processing of the available information is known in technical jargon as parsing, and the preparation for the output medium as rendering.
The HTML language describes how the browser ( or another program, such as a text editor ) "understand" the awards of the text has not, as he then carry it in the presentation.
So
says though, that a heading follows, but not in what font size or typeface, this is present - this is only certain customary defaults have naturalized, but which are not part of the HTML specification.
Language type
HTML is a markup language and as such is not programmed, but written simply.
A similar concept ( logical description ) as behind HTML stands behind the typesetting system TeX / LaTeX, but the aims, in contrast to the HTML output via printer on paper.
Versions
HTML was set on 13 March 1989 by Tim Berners -Lee at CERN in Geneva.
- HTML (without version number, November 3, 1992): The original version, which was based only on text.
- HTML (without version number, April 30, 1993): For text comes next to attributes such as bold or italic representation of the image integration to do so.
- HTML ( November 1993) Planned enhancements that went into later versions, but were never adopted as an HTML .
- HTML 2.0 ( November 1995): The defined with RFC 1866 version introduces, inter alia, form a technology.
Status of this standard is " HISTORIC ".
The predecessors are obsolete.
- HTML 3.0: The version does not appear because it is obsolete with the introduction of the Netscape browser in version 3 already before publication.
- HTML 3.2 (January 14, 1997): New in this release are numerous features such as tables, text flow around images, integration of applets.
- HTML 4.0 (18 December 1997): With this version, stylesheets, scripts, and frames are introduced.
Also, a separation takes place in Strict, Transitional and Frameset.
On April 24, 1998, a slightly revised version of this standard appears.
- HTML 4.01 (24 December 1999): Replaces HTML 4.0 with many minor corrections.
- XHTML 1.0 (26 January 2000): A reformulation of HTML 4.01 using XML.
On 1 August 2002 a revised version appears.
- XHTML 1.1 (31 May 2001): After XHTML was divided into modules defined in XHTML 1.1 strict version, in which the introduced with HTML 4 Frameset and Transitional variants omitted.
- XHTML 2.0 (closed, 26 July 2006): This version should no longer be based on HTML 4.01 and introduce some new elements, such as for navigation lists.
The separation of markup and style should be completed in this version.
- The W3C has set the work on XHTML 2.0 in the summer of 2009 in favor of HTML5.
- HTML5 ( Working Draft, 23 April 2009): HTML5 creates based on HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0, a new vocabulary.
Which belongs to the HTML DOM specification is also revised and extended.
HTML structure
General Structure
An HTML document consists of three areas:
Thus, the basic structure of a web page appears as follows:
Website Title </ title>
< - Further header information ->
< - Comments are not displayed in the browser.
->
</ head>
<body>
<p> Website Content </ p>
</ body>
</ html>
HTML header
</p>
<p>
The head seven different elements can be used:
</p>
<h3>
HTML body
</h3>
<p>
HTML distinguishes between block and inline elements.
The main difference is that the former produce a separate block in the output, in which the content is housed, while inline elements do not interrupt the flow of text.
In simplified block elements have always their own line.
Using CSS, however, it is possible to display items such as a block -line element, and vice versa.
In addition, all elements via CSS can be characterized as inline-block, with the result that such an element both properties of a block element and an inline element has.
</p>
<p>
A headline first order is awarded:
</p>
<p>
<h1> heading < / h1 >
h1 stands for Heading 1, so draws a heading of the first ( and highest in HTML) outline level from.
Next possible h2 to h6 headings second to sixth outline level.
</p>
<p>
A hyperlink:
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://example.com/"> This is a reference to example.com </ a>
Hyperlinks are references to other resources, also mostly HTML documents, which can be followed by clicking in the browser normally.
This link could be rendered: This is a reference to example.com Also, at this example to see that the link element is an inline element and not a new line begins.
</p>
<p>
On the Logic are, for example, the elements of strong or em ready, which can be distinguished sharply highlighted or accented text.
By default (according to W3C ) strong and em elements in bold or italic font are rendered.
</p>
<p>
The structure description of the text, as they illustrate the above examples, it is to customize the rendering of the viewer in order to read a text about partially sighted or impersonate Braille simplified.
</p>
<h2>
HTML variants
</h2>
<p>
In the design of the last HTML version 4 should the fact that in many HTML documents elements and attributes are used for presentation, be taken into account.
The results were finally three variants:
</p>
<h3>
Strict
</h3>
<p>
This DTD includes the core set of elements and attributes.
It lacks most of the elements and attributes for influencing the presentation, including font, the elements, center, and u as well as attributes such as bgcolor, align and target.
Their role should take stylesheets in Strict documents.
Body text and non-block -forming elements within the elements, form, and blockquote noscript must normally be located within a container element, for example, in a p- element.
</p>
<h3>
Transitional
</h3>
<p>
The Transitional version still contains older elements and attributes that enable and physical markup.
Through this DTD Web authors that do not split yet logical structuring and presentation of one another, is to be given the opportunity to write standards compliant HTML.
At the same time, it should ensure that existing sites continue to be indicated by current browser.
</p>
<h3>
Frameset
</h3>
<p>
This variant in addition to all the elements of the Transitional version still contains the elements for the generation of framesets.
</p>
<h2>
Additional techniques and developments
</h2>
<h3>
Cascading Style Sheets
</h3>
<p>
Over the years, HTML has been extended to include elements that deal with the design of the document, which the original idea of the system ran towards independence.
A return to the separation of structure and layout ( better presentation) was made through the definition of Cascading Style Sheets ( CSS).
So shall the appearance or the appearance of the document in a separate file, called the stylesheet are defined.
This improves the flexibility of the layout of the particular output device and special needs of the user, eg a special presentation for the visually impaired.
Today, support for CSS, the browser is sufficient to realize so a sophisticated design.
</p>
<h3>
Dynamic HTML
</h3>
<p>
Very early in the history of HTML Additional techniques have been invented that allow to modify HTML documents dynamically during the display in the browser.
The most common is JavaScript.
One speaks in such interactive documents of dynamic HTML.
These techniques were developed independently by the different browser vendors, especially Microsoft and Netscape.
Therefore, there were significant problems with the implementation of the techniques between the different browsers.
Meanwhile interpret all popular JavaScript capable browser the <a href="/document-object-model.html">Document Object Model</a> ( DOM).
This makes it possible to write in all browsers executable scripts.
However, there are still differences in the support of the DOM standard.
</p>
<h3>
XML
</h3>
<p>
HTML version 4.01 of the HTML Recommendation has been reworded in the metalanguage XML.
The resulting therefrom XHTML 1.0 meets the stringent compared to SGML syntax rules of XML, but is semantically identical to the respective corresponding DTD version of HTML 4.01 DTD in its three variants.
XHTML is being developed as part of the HTML5 standards.
</p>
<h3>
Ajax
</h3>
<p>
With Ajax technology, it is possible using JavaScript to change any preloaded web browser and reload target content without the site must be completely reloaded.
Due to the lower volume of data to a faster server response is possible, and on the other, modes of reaction of desktop applications can be simulated.
</p>
<h2>
Different presentation and interpretation of HTML documents
</h2>
<p>
HTML is used as a markup language used to structure a text semantically, but not to format.
The representation is not part of the relevant specifications and is thus arbitrarily by the browser vendors determined.
One exception is marked as deprecated, presentational elements dar.
</p>
</section>
<section class="relLinks">
<script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
<!-- memim 1 wide adaptive -->
<ins class="adsbygoogle"
style="display:block;clear:both;"
data-ad-client="ca-pub-8545452838648870"
data-ad-slot="6796476374"
data-ad-format="auto"></ins>
<script>
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
</script>
<a href="/technical-standard.html">Technical standard</a>
<a href="/international-electrotechnical-commission.html">International Electrotechnical Commission</a>
<a href="/text-literary-theory.html">Text (literary theory)</a>
<a href="/layout-computing.html">Layout (computing)</a>
<a href="/electronic-visual-display.html">Electronic visual display</a>
<a href="/texteditor.html">Texteditor</a>
<a href="/java-applet.html">Java-Applet</a>
<a href="/meta-element.html">Meta-Element</a>
<a href="/list-of-html-editors.html">List of HTML editors</a>
<a href="/tutorial.html">Tutorial</a>
<a href="/integrated-authority-file.html">Integrated Authority File</a>
<a href="/canonical-xml.html">Canonical XML</a>
<a href="/w3c-geolocation-api.html">W3C Geolocation API</a>
<a href="/internationalization-tag-set.html">Internationalization Tag Set</a>
<a href="/mathml.html">MathML</a>
<a href="/rdf-schema.html">RDF-Schema</a>
<a href="/semantic-interpretation-for-speech-recognition.html">Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition</a>
<a href="/simple-knowledge-organization-system.html">Simple Knowledge Organization System</a>
<a href="/synchronized-multimedia-integration-language.html">Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language</a>
<a href="/speech-recognition-grammar-specification.html">Speech Recognition Grammar Specification</a>
<a href="/speech-synthesis-markup-language.html">Speech Synthesis Markup Language</a>
<a href="/sparql.html">SPARQL</a>
<a href="/timed-text.html">Timed Text</a>
<a href="/voicexml.html">VoiceXML</a>
<a href="/web-services-description-language.html">Web Services Description Language</a>
<a href="/xforms.html">XForms</a>
<a href="/xinclude.html">XInclude</a>
<a href="/xlink.html">XLink</a>
<a href="/xml-base.html">XML Base</a>
<a href="/xml-encryption.html">XML-Encryption</a>
<a href="/xml-events.html">XML Events</a>
<a href="/xpointer.html">XPointer</a>
<a href="/xproc.html">XProc</a>
<a href="/xsl.html">XSL</a>
<a href="/call-control-extensible-markup-language.html">Call Control eXtensible Markup Language</a>
<a href="/curie.html">CURIE</a>
<a href="/inkml.html">InkML</a>
<a href="/rule-interchange-format.html">Rule Interchange Format</a>
<a href="/smil-timesheets.html">SMIL Timesheets</a>
<a href="/sxbl.html">SXBL</a>
<a href="/extensible-forms-description-language.html">Extensible Forms Description Language</a>
<a href="/xframes.html">XFrames</a>
<a href="/xades.html">XAdES</a>
<a href="/extensible-user-interface-protocol.html">Extensible User Interface Protocol</a>
<a href="/w3c-markup-validation-service.html">W3C Markup Validation Service</a>
<a href="/web-accessibility-initiative.html">Web Accessibility Initiative</a>
</section>
<div class="comments">
</div>
<section>
<script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
<ins class="adsbygoogle"
style="display:block"
data-ad-format="autorelaxed"
data-ad-client="ca-pub-8545452838648870"
data-ad-slot="9697283175"></ins>
<script>
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
</script>
</section>
<span style="font-size:.5em">713</span>
<div class="share_buttons">
<div class="addthis_sharing_toolbox"></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</td></tr><tr><td id="footer">
<div class="aligner">
<footer class="mainHolder" style="text-align:center;">
<!--LiveInternet counter--><script type="text/javascript"><!--
document.write("<a href='http://www.liveinternet.ru/click' "+
"target=_blank rel=nofollow><img src='//counter.yadro.ru/hit?t18.5;r"+
escape(document.referrer)+((typeof(screen)=="undefined")?"":
";s"+screen.width+"*"+screen.height+"*"+(screen.colorDepth?
screen.colorDepth:screen.pixelDepth))+";u"+escape(document.URL)+
";"+Math.random()+
"' alt='' title='LiveInternet' "+
"border='0' width='88' height='31'><\/a>")
//--></script><!--/LiveInternet-->
<br />
memim.com 2024<br />
All rights reserved<br />
<span style='font-size:0.5em'>Page generated in 0.0034<br /></span> <script type="text/javascript" src="//s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-5093bb6e1c1ddca0"></script>
<script>
function jr(ready){
if(window.jQuery){
//ready();
}else{
setTimeout(jr,100,ready);
}
}
jr(function() {
$(".imagesHolder img").each(function () {
var i=$(this);
console.log(i.attr('src')+' '+i.width()+' '+i.readyState);
//$(this).remove();
});
});
</script>
</footer>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<span style="font-size:.3em">de</span>
</body>
</html>
