Hyderabad

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Hyderabad ( Telugu: హైదరాబాద్ Hyderabad [ ba ː ː hai̯d̪əra D], Urdu: حیدر آباد Hyderabad [ hɛ ː d ( ə ) ra ː ba ː t], German and Hyderabad ) is the capital of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. With 6.8 million inhabitants in the city proper and 7.7 million in the greater it is the fourth largest city in India and the center of the sixth largest metropolitan area in the country. Hyderabad is located in the center of the Deccan plateau to the river Musi.

History and current political situation

Hyderabad in 1590 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (ruled 1565-1611 ), ruler of the Deccan Sultanate of Golkonda, was founded. From 1724 to 1948 it was the capital of the princely state of Hyderabad under the Asaf Jahi dynasty. As such, it was an important center of Indian Muslim culture, in which traditionally educated Muslims who had to direct British regiertem area hardly career prospects, were highly regarded. The city's population was predominantly Muslim, while 88% of the state population are Hindu.

During the colonial period, the population grew steadily. In the respective censuses they came up with the following populations:

After the annexation of the State of Hyderabad 1948 India, a large part of the Muslim upper class emigrated into Pakistan's Karachi. Nevertheless, the Muslim population, with almost 40 % is the highest in an Indian metropolis. The Muslims generally speak Urdu - not Telugu, the official language of Andhra Pradesh. Clashes between Muslims and Hindus are common.

Actually, Hyderabad is a twin city, with Secunderabad, just to the north, as a sister city. The two cities are separated by a in 1562 in the reign of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah ( 1550-1580 ) created beautiful lake called Hussain Sagar. Sikandarabad was founded by the British Army, which, like the Hyderabad Contingent, during the colonial period was stationed there as well.

At the end of British rule in 1947 did the ruler ( Nizam ) of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali ( 1886-1967 ) that his country should be independent from India. His army and the Razakars, a poorly armed force, the " military wing " of the Muslim Itihad Party, which terrorized the rural population, was easily disarmed by the Indian armed forces with modern equipment. In the short fights and subsequent pogroms about 200,000 Muslims died.

In 2007 it came in May to a terrorist attack on the Mecca Masjid, which killed eleven Muslims during Friday prayer. As responsible for this attack Hindutva terrorists are.

Economy and Transport

Hyderabad is an industrial city. With the establishment of the Genome Valley to Hyderabad has established itself as the center of biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry in India. Other industries such as the electrical and software engineering and mechanical engineering. The north-western district of Hyderabad, in the high-tech industry is located is known as " Cyberabad ".

The municipal infrastructure such as railways, universities, roads and hospitals allowed the former ruler of Hyderabad, the Nizam built, and was later extended by the Indian government. The town has modern shopping malls and wide roads. There you can buy genuine pearls, silk and leather goods.

The old - now closed - Begumpet Airport of Hyderabad is located in Sikandarabad. The new international Rajiv Gandhi International Airport is located approximately 22 km south of Hyderabad at Shamshabad place. It was inaugurated by Sonia Gandhi, widow of former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and President of the Congress Party, on March 14, 2008.

Hyderabad has several large train stations for remote connections. The Hyderabad Railway Station is a terminal station about 2 km north of the center. The Sikandarabad train station is about 10 km north to the twin cities and Sikandarabad is because it is closer to the headquarters of the computer industry, better frequented. Nampally Railway Station ( Hyderabad Deccan railway station) is located in the same district, the smaller regional station of Kachiguda is located in the old town. Begumpet railway station is another station in the center.

A Metro elevated railway is under construction and is scheduled to start operation in July 2015.

Education

Hyderabad is home to four major universities, the Osmania University, the University of Hyderabad Maulana Azad National Urdu and the University, JNTU ( Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University). There is also an International Institute of Information Technology.

Attractions

The city has many monumental buildings, temples, mosques and churches. The main attractions are the Charminar and the Golconda Fort.

The Charminar is a monument, 56 meters high with four minarets and is the center of the old city, located south of the River Musi. The Charminar was built in 1591 by the city's founder, Sultan Quli Qutb Shah the king to commemorate the end of the plague. The Golconda Fort, situated 122 meters above the level of Hyderabad and eleven kilometers west of the old Hyderabad, was from 1518 to 1590, when the court was moved to Hyderabad, the capital of the seven Qutub Shahi kings. The imposing Golconda fort and the grave times are frequently visited by tourists.

The Salar Jung Museum contains European and Indian exhibits, which were collected by the Prince Salar Jung before independence.

→ See also: Palaces in Hyderabad

The inner ring of Golkonda Fort

Bauer stop in Fort Golkonda

Gastronomy

In addition to the hotel restaurants offer plenty of eateries in all parts of the city hyderabadische cuisine as authentic " biryanis " ( a rice dish ), or the famous, with chili spiced Andhra specialties. The cuisine of Hyderabad features a unique mix of generously sized North Indian meat dishes ( Mughal specialties ) and traditional South Indian - vegetarian dishes. Mutton Biryani and Halim are the most famous dishes of Hyderabad.

Climate

The summer temperatures range 18-43 degrees Celsius. The rainy season is from June to October, with Hyderabad usually a less heavy monsoon undergoes as many regions further south, or near shore locations. In winter, temperatures vary 9-26 degrees.

Others

The main languages ​​are Telugu for the Hindu and Urdu for the Muslim population. As in all major Indian cities English is also commonly used as a lingua franca. German is taught at the University of Osmania and the University of Hyderabad as a foreign language.

Since 1995 takes place every two years an international children's film festival held in the city.

Hyderabad was from 14 to 21 October 2007, the venue for the four -yearly World Military Games in 13 different disciplines.

In August 2008, the AFC Challenge Cup 2008 was held at Gachibowli Stadium.

In October 2008, the old airport returned briefly for the first major air show in India back into the spotlight.