Ilyushin Il-86
The Ilyushin Il -86 (Russian Ильюшин Ил -86, NATO reporting name: " Camber " ) was the first widebody aircraft, which was developed in the former USSR. The development of the Il -86 was introduced in 1971, 24 September 1979, the first machines took the line service on.
History
Very little is known about the development, as the Soviet Union, kept a low profile with information. The launch of the Il -86 was announced at the 1971 Paris Air Show. The emergence but withdrew in the length and after the maiden flight of the first prototype on December 22, 1976 it was not until September 24, 1979 before the first machines were transferred to the regular service.
Actually, the machine should an engine arrangement similar to the Il -62 get, but the resulting poor handling and the high mass of the cell allowed the engineers refrain. Thus, the Il -86 was also the first airliner in the Soviet Union with an engine configuration under the wings. As the engines Kuznetsov developed for this aircraft type NK -86 are used, which are a further development of the Kuznetsov NK -8.
The first undisguised prototype was shown in 1976. The first flight of the prototype with the registration CCCP - 86000 was held with the test pilots E. Kuznetsov and G. Volokhov, the Flight Engineer I. Jakimez, the Navigator W. Schetkin and the board Electricians A. Stepanov on 22 December 1976. The first specific for air transport aircraft took off on 24 October 1977. In December 1980, the civilian traffic was recorded. In the development and production of the Polish PZL Mielec factory - was included. From there, the Flügelvorklappen, the tail, the engine mount and the tail fin come. Production ended in 1994 after more than 100 machines were completed.
Only the then Soviet Aeroflot used the aircraft. At times, the thought of not really for long-haul flights Il -86 was also used for connections to Cuba, to the United States and Canada, with an intermediate landing has been inserted, which only by a lack of competition was feasible at this time. This changed abruptly when Aeroflot and Pan Am agreed in 1988, this route nonstop to fly Boeing 747. With the order of some Airbus A310 by Air Inter and shortly thereafter Aeroflot ended any hope of being able to export this type anywhere. All the more surprising was an order for three aircraft in 1993 by China Xinjiang Airlines.
Because of their volume, the Il -86 have been proven in most Western countries with a flight ban, which is why they are used only in the CIS countries by local airlines. At times, was then discussed whether we should let the Il -86 retrofitted with more efficient turbofans CFM International CFM56, to increase the range, 3 to comply with the volume controls of the ICAO Stage at airports in Western countries and to reduce the Kerosionverbrauch considerably. These plans were abandoned for economic reasons. Similar plans were 2006 again. According to a report by the Russian business newspaper Biznes one thinks about it, the Il -86 to modernize according to EU standards, in order to prolong their lifetime by about ten years. Specifically, one wants to replace the four Kuznetsov NK -86 engines by Soloviev D- 30KP " Burlak " turbo fans.
Within the last three years the number of deployed aircraft has fallen rapidly. Worldwide declines in passenger numbers from 2008 and a high jet fuel prices on the world market forced many operators to park their aircraft and, if necessary, replace western flight pattern. End of 2012, four models are still used by the Russian Air Force in the communications field.
The most likely of coverage and capacity comparable and similar to old Airbus A300 was in some ways a model for the designers, who also called the " Aerobus " gave the aircraft type. All other widebody aircraft of this type have a more than twice the range.
Variants
- The Il -86 is the base variant. One aircraft was specially modified for the national airline Rossiya as president machine
- The Il-80/Il-86/Il-87 are three airplanes that have been converted into command post in the event of a nuclear war
- The Il- 86D was a test aircraft for the development of the Ilyushin Il -96
Operator
Only on the territory of the former Soviet Union ever existing - - Meaning of the Il -86 very quickly especially because of their poor economy and the small production number which sank. As of February 2013 are only four copies in use which are operated by the Russian air forces around the world.
Special
The Il -86 has on the lower deck three passenger doors with retractable stairs. The passenger cabin on the main deck can be reached from the lower deck with wide stairs. Thus, the passenger handling is also possible without the use of passenger boarding bridges or gangways.
Incidents
So far there was only one crash of a Il -86. On 28 July 2002, occupied only with a crew Il -86 crashed shortly after takeoff from Sheremetyevo Airport. 14 of the 16 occupants were killed here.