Józef Pankiewicz
Józef Pankiewicz ( born November 29, 1866 in Lublin, Poland, † July 4, 1940 in La Ciotat, France) was a Polish painter, graphic artist and high school teacher. He was the younger brother of Eugeniusz Pankiewicz and a representative of Post-Impressionism. His work has won many awards. He is considered the founder of the Polish colorism.
Life
His artistic training began Pankiewicz 1884 as students in Warsaw at Wojciech Gerson character class and Aleksander Kaminski. Thanks to Antoni Tyzenhauz scholarship enabled him to continue his education at the Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg in the years 1885-1886. At that time, a realistic painting style Pankiewicz trailer. He was strongly Camille Corot and the Barbizon representatives of the French school, which were exhibited in his time in St. Petersburg in the collection of Prince Kushelev - Bezborodko impressed by the paintings.
After returning to Warsaw, he shared a studio from 1886 to 1888 with Władysław Podkowiński. In this creative period he painted mainly realistic representations of Warsaw street vendors and from the Jewish daily life. He also made drawings on for the magazine " Tygodnik Ilustrowany ".
Paris
From 1889 to 1990 he lived and worked in Paris. Again, he was in close contact with his Polish friend Podkowiński study. At the World Exhibition of 1889 he was awarded for his 1888 arisen under the influence of Aleksander Gierymski painting " Targ na na jarzyny Placu za Żelazna Brama " ( German: vegetable market in the square behind the Iron Gate), a silver medal.
In Paris, he was impressed by the painting by Claude Monet. As a result, he took over impressionistic representation techniques in his own painting. After his return to Poland he led the late Impressionist Luminism in the Polish painting. The light-filled landscapes he painted mostly in the vicinity of the historical picturesque town of Kazimierz Dolny, based on the contrasts cold and warmer tones and emerged already in the technique of Divisionists. In Aleksander Krywult Pankiewicz and Podkowinski he introduced a controversial series of impressionistic landscape paintings, including the 1890 resulting painting " Targ na kwiaty przed kosciołem Św. Magdaleny w Paryżu " ( German: flower market in front of the Church of the Madeleine in Paris), which was criticized by critics. Uncompromising impressionistic images were from the same year: " Wóz z sianem " ( German: hay wagon ) and " Pejzaż z krzewami " ( German: landscape with shrubs ).
In the next few years, the artist was influenced by Symbolism. He created evocative, almost colorless pictures: 1892 " Rynek Starego Miasta w Warszawie nocą " ( German: Warsaw Old Town Market at night), 1896 " Dorożka nocą " ( German: horse-drawn carriage at night) and " Łabędzie w ogrodzie Saskim " ( German: Swans in the Saxon Garden ), 1897 Park w Duboju ( German: Park Duboj ). Inspired by James Whistler's work was a series of portraits as 1897 " Portret Dziewczynki w czerwonej sukni " ( German: Portrait of a girl in red dress ) and " Portret Pani Oderfeldowej z córka " ( German: Portrait of woman and her daughter or field ). At the World Exhibition in 1900, this painting was to be awarded a gold medal. In the following year he won a silver medal. In 1900 Pankiewicz ' works for the exhibition of Polish artists in the Gallery Georges Petit in Paris were shown. Pictures of him were also exhibited at various Paris salons, as the Autumn Salon in 1904, 1907, 1909 and 1919 as well as the salons of the Société des Artistes Independants in 1911 and 1912.
Already in the year 1897 was Pankiewicz the Krakow Artists Society " Sztuka " ( German: Art) joined. The union organized regular exhibitions of Polish artists at home as abroad. Multiple (1902, 1906 and 1908 ), his work was as shown in Vienna. Between 1897 and 1903 Pankiewicz often traveled through Europe, visited Holland, Belgium, England, Germany, Italy and France. In 1899 he published the first collection of graphic works of Poland under the title " Quatorze Eaux- Fortes ".
University teacher
In 1906 he was appointed professor at the Art Academy of Krakow. During a stay in France in 1908, he learned the French artist Pierre Bonnard and Félix Fénéon know and appreciate. Especially Bonnard influenced his artistic development greatly.
During the First World War Pankiewicz lived in Spain. Here he met Robert Delaunay. Władysław Jahl worked with him. 1922 was an acclaimed solo exhibition at the Galerie Bernheim -Jeune in Paris instead. From 1923 he taught again at the Cracow Academy. From 1925 to 1937 he headed the branch of the Krakow Academy in Paris. 1923 his paintings were shown in the gallery of Józef Poznański in Warsaw and in the following year in the Palace of Arts in Krakow. Other exhibitions followed.
On the "General National Exhibition" ( Powszechna Wystawa Krajowa ) 1929 in Poznan Pankiewicz was awarded a gold medal. In 1933, the Institute for Cultural Promotion in Warsaw organized a major retrospective to celebrate the 40th anniversary of his artistic career. The celebrations to mark the 70th birthday of the artist in 1936 included a presentation of his works from the collection of Feliks Jasieński in Kraków National Museum. In the same year the painter made several business trips to Saint -Tropez, Cassis, Sanary, and finally La Ciotat, where he lived until his death.
Memberships and Awards
Pankiewicz was a member of the Society of Polish Artists in Paris and the Association of Polish Artists in France. In 1928, he joined the Prague artists' association " Manes ". The French government appointed the artist in 1927 a Knight of the Legion of Honour; by the Polish government awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order Pankiewicz of Polonia Restituta.
Works by Pankiewicz located in various Polish museums, including the National Museum in Wroclaw, Gdansk, Kielce, Krakow, Poznan and Warsaw.
Importance
As a teacher and role model Pankiewicz influenced a whole generation of major Polish painter who felt committed to the ideals of the " Parisian Committee " ( Polish colorism ). These included artists such as Jan Cybis, Artur Nacht-Samborski, Józef Czapski, Zygmunt Waliszewski and Tadeusz Piotr Potworowski. In addition, one of the pioneers of the Polish artistic graphics. Around 1894, he was the first in Poland, freed the graphical representation of the form of their symbolic character.