Karimun Java
The Karimunjawa Islands (also Karimunjava Islands, Indonesian Kepulauan Karimunjawa ) are an island group that belongs to Indonesia. The 27 islands of the group are located in the Java Sea, about 80 km off the north coast of the island of Java.
Since 1986, the Karimunjawa Islands are a nature reserve. The Indonesian Ministry of Forestry in 1999 created the National Park Karimunjawa, which is spread over an area of 110 625 hectares of tropical rainforest, mangroves and sea areas. In the year 2001 110.117 hectares were declared a total of six marine protected areas in Indonesia.
Geography
Geologic include the Karimunjawa Islands to the land mass of Sundalandes. In the age of the Neogene, the main island of Karimunjawa was the highest peak in the region. During the Gelasiums the islands were separated from the mainland.
The land mass consists mainly of quartz-bearing sandstone, gravel, clay minerals and muddy soils. There are also sections that are covered with sandy beaches.
The mountainous main island of Karimunjawa has a land area of 46.2 square kilometers. There is also the mountain Gendero, with about 464 m, the largest collection in the field. About a mangrove forest, the main island is connected to the 15 -square-mile island neighbor Kemujan. The next largest island is Parang 8.7 square kilometers.
Flora and Fauna
The ecosystem consists of a rich fauna and flora. There are areas with coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangrove forests, coastal forests and some higher areas with tropical rainforest. Three islands are the habitat of Macaca fascicularis karimondjiwae, a subspecies of the common long-tailed macaques in Southeast Asia. Their number was estimated in 2008 to below 500. Furthermore mane deer, Malayan pangolins or Malay Mokassinottern occur.
On the islands, 40 different bird species have been recorded. On the two islands Burung and Gelean are hotbeds of white-bellied sea eagle. Other bird species such as the pink head pigeon, the bronze pigeon and subspecies of Gelbbauchbülbüls ( Pycnonotus goiavier var karimudjawae ) and the beard parakeet (Psittacula Alexandrian var karimundjawae ). Migratory birds like the sandpiper or Whimbrel were observed, as well as butterflies Idea leuconoe karimondjawae, a subspecies of the White tree nymph.
There are several fringing reefs and barrier reefs, to some shipwrecks in the water. There are found 16 protected species, such as the Green Turtle and the Hawksbill Turtle, various species of giant clams, like the grave end of the giant clam, Hipp hippopus that Ingrown giant clam Scaly giant clam and the Smooth giant clam. In addition to Nautilus pompilius a existing of only six species of nautilus, the Helmschneckenart Horned helmet snail, conch and Turbo marmoratus are protected. In total, more than 90 coral species from 51 genera, including the rare organ coral or black coral, and 242 different species of reef fish were counted.
The seagrass areas are dominated by Thalassia and Enhalus. A total of 10 different species were counted. There are various Seetangpflanzen in the water before, such as Caulerpa and Halimeda, which are among the green algae, brown algae, such as various golf algae, Padina or Turbinaria reniformis and the red algae Gracillaria, Gelidium, Hypnea or Acanthophora. Mangrove, Rhizophora mucronata as covering an area of about 400 hectares. There are 13 genera in front with 32 different species. Live different species of plants, such as the Hárslevelű marshmallow, Streblus asper from the family of Mulberry family, the Schachtelhalmblättrige casuarina or Katappenbaum to the coastal areas. Parts of the island are covered in tropical lowland rain forest, there are several endemic species before, as Fagraea elliptica, Cordia subcordata or Pemphis acidula which belongs to the family Lythraceae.
Climate
The climate is influenced by the monsoon, which comes once from the northwest and then produce an average of about 40 millimeters of rain per day. When he comes from the southeast from April to October, dry warm winds blow from east to southeast. The ocean current then moves water masses from the direction Floressee west.
Management
The Karimunjawa Islands form a separate kecamatan in the district of Jepara, which is located in the province of Central Java. This sub-district is subdivided into three Kelurahan Karimunjawa, Kemojan and Parang, which are the lowest administrative level.
History
Name and discovery dates back to a time when Islam spread in Indonesia. Legend has it that Sunan Nyamplungan or Amir Hasan, who is supposed to be buried there, have traveled to the islands. His father, Sunan Muria, one of the " nine confidant ( God ) ", also known as Wali Songo, had previously sent him away. From the volcano Muria on the north coast of Java Sunan Muria could not see clear or blurry on the islands Horizent what is called in Javanese kremun - kremun soko jowo. Hence the name of Karimunjawa has developed.
During the colonial period, some explorers traveled to the Karimun Islands, for example, the Dutchman Johannes Elias Teijsmann in 1854 and Rudolf Schlechter in 1910.
Population
The population is composed of Javanese, Madurese, Bugis, Mandar, Luwu and Bajak. Five islands are inhabited. Most of the 9054 inhabitants ( 2008 ) live in the only small city Karimunjawa on the southwestern tip of the main island. Other inhabited islands are Kemujan, Nyamuk, Parang and Genting.
Economy
With 45.4 percent lives a little less than half of the population from fishing. Further 18.5 per cent are employed in the cultivation of food (as of 2008 ).
Every year several thousand tourists visit the National Park Karimunjawa, many of them are wealthy Indonesians and foreign divers. Most hotels are located on the main island of Karimunjawa. On the private island Menyawakan there is a five star PADI resort of the upper class.
Traffic
On the island Kemujan an airport is a compound in the provincial capital Semarang. The port is located on the main island of Karimunjawa. There is a ferry to Jepara and a speedboat to Semarang. There are about 22 kilometers of roads. One leads to the mountainous island of Karimunjawa after Kemujan. The use of a Ojeks is a common variant in the transport.