List of state leaders in 1438

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Africa

• Egypt ( Burdschiyya Dynasty ) Sultan al- Ashraf Sayf al -Din Barsbay (1422-1438)
• Sultan al- Aziz Yusuf ( 1438 )

• Algeria ( Abdalwadiden ) Sultan Abul- Abbas Ahmad I.al - Aqil (1430-1462)

• Ethiopia Kaiser ( Negus Nagast ): Constantine I ( 1434-1468 )

• Ifriqiya (eastern Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsids ) Caliph Umar Abu Uthman (1435-1487)

• Jolof ( in present-day Senegal) Buur -ba Jolof: Tyukuli N'Diklam (1420-1440)

• Kanem -Bornu ( Sefuwa Dynasty ) King / May: Ibrahim II (1431-1439)

• Kano King: Daud (1421-1438)
• King Abdullah Burja (1438-1452)

• Morocco ( Marinids ) Sultan: Abdalhaqq II (1420-1465)

America

• Aztec Empire Tlatoani: Itzcoatl (1427-1440)

• Inca Empire Inca: Viracocha Inca (1410-1438)
• Incas: Pachacuti Yupanqui (1438-1471)

Asia

• Ak Koyunlu Ruler: Qara Yülük Uthman (1389-1453)

• China ( Ming Dynasty ) Kaiser: Zhengtong (1435-1449)

• Japan Emperor: Go- Hanazono (1428-1464)
• Ashikaga Shogun: Ashikaga Yoshinori (1429-1441)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty ) King Sejong (1418-1450)

• Persia Sultan ( Timurid dynasty ): Shah Ruch ( 1406-1447 )

• Qara Qoyunlu (realm of black sheep ) Ruler: Shah Jahan (1435-1467)

• Siam (Thailand) King: Borommarachathirat II (1424-1448)

• Trebizond Emperor: John IV (1429-1458)

Europe

• Andorra Co - Prince: Count of Foix Gaston IV (1436-1472)
• Bishop of Urgell: Arnau Roger de Pallars (1437-1461)

• Byzantine Empire Emperor: John VIII Palaiologos (1425-1448)

• Denmark (1397-1523 personal union with Norway and Sweden) King: Erich VII (1397-1439)

• German Teutonic Order Grand Master Paul of Rusdorf (1422-1441)

• England King, Henry VI. (1422-1461) (1470-1471)

• France King, Charles VII, The Victorious (1422-1461)

• Holy Roman Empire King Albrecht II (1438-1439)
• Electorates archbishopric of Cologne Archbishop: Dietrich II of Moers (1414-1463)

• Archbishop Dietrich Schenk von Erbach (1434-1459)

• Archbishop: Raban of Helmstatt (1430-1439)

• King Albrecht I (1438-1439)

• Margrave Frederick I (1415-1440)

• Count Palatine Ludwig IV (1436-1449) ( to 1442 under guardianship I. Otto von Pfalz- Mosbach )

• Elector Frederick II the Gentle (1428-1464)

• Bishopric of Augsburg Bishop Peter von Schaumberg (1424-1469)

• Bishop Anton von Rotenhan (1431-1459)

• Bishop: Frederick Rhine (1437-1451)

• Bishop Stephan Bode, Shrouded (1421-1459)

• Archbishop Baldwin II of Wenden (1435-1441)

• Bishop Georg of Stubai (1437-1443)

• Archbishop: Günther II of Schwarzburg (1403-1445)

• Bishop: John IV Hoffmann (1427-1451)

• Bishop Conrad Bayer of Boppard II (1415-1459)

• Bishop: Albrecht von Hoya (1436-1473)

• Bishop: Henry II of Moers (1425-1450)

• Bishop Peter of Schleinitz ( 1434/35-1463 )

• Bishop: Erich I of Hoya ( 1437-1441/42 )

• Administrator: Dietrich III. Moers (1415-1463)

• Bishop: Leonhard von Laiming (1423-1451)

• Bishop: Pardam of the Knesebeckstraße (1431-1440)

• Bishop Frederick II of Parsberg (1437-1450)

• Archbishop Johann II von Reisberg (1429-1441)

• Bishop Hermann III. Köppen (1429-1444)

• Bishop: William VI. Raron (1437-1451)

• Bishop: Raban of Helmstatt (1396-1438)
• Bishop: Reinhard von Helmstatt (1438-1456)

• Bishop William II of Diest (1394-1439)

• Bishop Louis de Haraucourt (1437-1449)

• Bishop Alexander of Masovia (1424-1444)

• Bishop Rudolf of Diepholz (1433-1455)

• Bishop: John III. of Asel (1426-1470)

• Bishop Guillaume Fillastre the Younger (1437-1449)

• Bishop Frederick II of Domneck (1427-1445)

• Bishop: Johann II von Brunn (1411-1440)

• Baden Margrave: James I (1431-1453)

• Bavaria -Ingolstadt Duke: Louis VII, the Bearded (1413-1447)

• Duke Heinrich XVI. (1393-1450)

• Herzog Ernst (1397-1438)
• Duke Albrecht III. the Pious (1438-1460)

• Braunschweig -Calenberg Duke: William I (1432-1473)

• Duke Otto II (1394-1463)

• Duke: Henry III. (1427-1464) ( to 1437 under guardianship )
• Duke Albrecht II (1427-1485) ( to 1440 under guardianship )
• Herzog Ernst (1427-1464) ( to 1440 under guardianship )

• Duke: Otto IV (1434-1446)
• Duke Frederick II (1434-1457) (1472-1478)

• Duke: Henry II (1428-1473)

• Landgraf: Ludwig I (1413-1458)

• Duke: Gerhard (1437-1475)

• Duke: Adolf II (1394-1448) ( to 1417 Count )

• Graf: Etzel I. (1422-1444)

• Graf: Ludwig I ( 1419-1442/50 ) (until 1426 under guardianship )
• Graf: Ulrich V of the Beloved ( 1419-1442/80 ) ( to 1433 under guardianship )

• Italian States Estonian Margrave: Taddeo d' Este (1415-1448)

• Mr. Niccolò III. d' Este (1393-1441)

• Signor Cosimo de Medici (1434-1464) (de facto ruler )

• Doge Tommaso di Campofregoso (1415-1421) (1436-1437) (1437-1442)

• Pope Eugenius IV (1431-1447)

• Duke Filippo Maria Visconti (1412-1447)

• Margrave: Gianfrancesco Gonzaga I. (1407-1444) ( to 1433 Count )

• Margrave: Johann Jakob (1418-1431) (1433-1445)

• King: René the Good (1435-1442)

• Lord Sigismondo Malatesta (1432-1468)

• Margrave Ludwig I (1416-1475)

• Capitano Reggente: Francesco di Menghino (1437-1438)
• Capitano Reggente: Giovanni di Antonio (1437-1438)
• Capitano Reggente: Niccolò di Michelino ( 1438 )
• Capitano Reggente: Barnaba di Antonio Lunardini ( 1438 )
• Capitano Reggente: Tommaso di Antonio (1438-1439)
• Capitano Reggente: Antonio di Simone Belluzzi (1438-1439)

• Duke Amadeus VIII ( 1391-1434/39 ) ( Count to 1416 )
• Regent: Ludwig ( 1434/39-1465 )

• King Alfonso I (1416-1458) Viceroy: Ruggiero Paruta (1435-1439)
• Viceroy: Battista Monte Plata (1436-1438) (1440-1441)

• Graf: Guidantonio da Montefeltro (1404-1443)

• Doge Francesco Foscari (1423-1457)

• Monaco Seigneur Jean I. (1407-1454)

• Norway King Erik VII (1412-1442)

• Ottoman Empire Sultan Murat II (1421-1451)

• Poland King Wladyslaw I. (1434-1444)

• Portugal King: Edward I (1433-1438)
• King: Alfonso V (1438-1481), a minor, so for her Eleanor of Aragon as regent

• Russia Grand Duke: Vasily II (1425-1462)

• Scotland King: James II (1437-1460)

• Sweden King Erik VII (1412-1441)

• Hungary King: Albrecht (1437-1439)

• Walachia Prince Vlad Dracul II (1436-1442) (1443-1447)

• Zeta Prince Stefan I. Crnojević (1427-1465)

• Cyprus King: John II (1432-1458)