Lycoming Engines

Lycoming is an American manufacturer of aircraft engines.

  • 5.1 design
  • 5.2 competition
  • 5.3 aircraft engine types
  • 5.4 Identification System
  • 5.5 Models and variations

History

The roots of the company date back to the late 19th century. Said by the manufacturer himself foundation 1845 can, however, just as little as evidenced by the legislative history of the Demorest Manufacturing Company by Ellen Curtis Demorest in Williamsport (Pennsylvania).

More likely is a later Company founded by William Demorest in New York City. In 1845 he married Margaret Willamina Poole who in 1857 died at the age of only 34 years. The widower married again in 1858. His second wife was said Ellen Curtis. 1845 those 20 years old and worked as a milliner.

Demorest sewing machines

The preparation of a sewing machine named Madame Demorest 's 5 dollar first premium running stitch sewing machine, Emporium of Fashions, 473 Broadway, New York can be placed in the 1860s. Besides fashion magazines were published and operated under the brand name of Madame Demorest a trade patterns. This business was sold in 1887. The result was a joint-stock company Demorest Fashion and Sewing Machine Company, in which the demo remainder, however, were no longer involved. The company maintained its headquarters in New York, but moved in Williamsport factory rooms. Here sewing machines, bicycles, typewriters, printing presses and other metal products were produced during many years.

Demorest bicycles

A Demorest employee named SH Ellis constructed a bicycle, which was sold off in 1891 as the New York Bicycle. Its weight has been reduced over the years from about 28.5 kg to about 13 kg; a racing version even weighed only 8.6 kg. Regular bikes cost $ 85 depending on the version, 100 or 125 U.S..

Demorest sewing machines and bicycles were very popular in the Irish -born population of New York and Philadelphia.

Engines for road vehicles

1907 or 1908 ( depending on the source ), the company was sold, because there is no more profitable production was apparently possible. The name was changed in Lycoming Foundry and Machine Company. It was followed by a successful conversion to the construction of gasoline engines for automobiles and commercial vehicles. 1914 appeared the first four-cylinder and eight-cylinder in 1925. One of the first customers was Auburn. In accordance with manufacturer incurred in 25 years, 57 different engines for over 250 series. In 1920 it was renamed the Lycoming Manufacturing Company.

1929 the company came into the possession of Errett Lobban Cord Cords Corporation, which also includes the automotive brands Auburn, Cord and Duesenberg were, which were to customers. The 6.9 -liter inline eight-cylinder engine with DOHC valve control of Duesenberg with a power of 265 bhp respectively. 320 bhp supercharged and 400 bhp in the racing version is considered the strongest production car engine in its time.

Lycoming engines in passenger cars and trucks (selection)

  • Auburn ( line engines with six and eight cylinders, V12 )
  • Burney (UK, Maidenhead (Berkshire ) ); 1932-1934 OHV six-cylinder in-line engine with 3.2 l displacement
  • Checker (USA, Kalamazoo MI)
  • Commonwealth ( United States, Joliet IL); Line engines with 4 and 6 cylinders
  • Cord ( line engines with 8 cylinders V8)
  • There ( USA, Flint MI)
  • Durant Motors (USA, New Jersey, New York)
  • Duesenberg (Model A, X, J, SJ, in-line engines with 8 cylinders, construction Fred Duesenberg )
  • Elcar (USA, Elkhart IN)
  • Gardner (USA, St. Louis, MO)
  • Gray ( USA, Detroit MI); Four-cylinder; only 1915
  • Gray -There Motor Corporation Ltd. (Canada, Chatham Ont. ); Four-cylinder; 1915-1925
  • Kearns Half- Ton Truck, 1918
  • Kissel Model 75 and White Eagle ( line engines with 8 cylinders, only the engine block )
  • Locomobile Model 88 (1929 )
  • Norsk Geijer (Norway, Oslo) 1926-30 very few four-cylinder and eight-cylinder in 65 HP
  • Old Hickory Truck from about 1918
  • Piedmont Model 4-30 (1917-1922)
  • Roamer 8-88 ( in-line engine with 8 cylinders )
  • Safe-T -Cab (taxi; series engines with 6 cylinders; modified by a bus engine)
  • Velie (USA, Moline IL)

Aircraft engines

In addition, the product range was expanded in 1929 to aircraft engines, the first of the 9- cylinder radial piston engine R -680 with 215 bhp power was. The first aircraft with this engine was a biplane the Travel Air Manufacturing Company of Walter Beech and Clyde Cessna, the maiden flight took place on 3 April 1929. 1936 Lycoming became a subsidiary of AVCO Corporation and renamed in AVCO Lycoming. During the Second World War, the company also produced even tank engines, such as for the scout car M22 Locust. In 1986 the company was acquired by Textron and Textron Lycoming since officially called. In addition to Lycoming piston engines is nowadays also produces gas turbines for aircraft and helicopters. After 1945, the GO -480 series engines have also been produced in West Germany at BMW / MAN and in Italy by Piaggio under license.

Construction

In AVCO Lycoming Dr. Anselm Franz was responsible for the construction of the gas turbine, he had already designed the Jumo 004 turbojet gas turbine in Germany. The first production-ready shaft turbine Lycoming helicopter was the LTC1B -1. She got the military designation T -53 -L -1. One of the most famous helicopter world - - In 1959, the Bell UH- 1 Huey was equipped with it.

Lycoming engines are now the most widely used piston engines for small aircraft. It is air-cooled four-to eight-cylinder modular, large volume boxer engines with dual magneto ignition. The propeller is driven directly on most models, so sitting without gear directly on the crankshaft, but there are also motors with integral or with flanged gearbox. Likewise, turbocharged, mechanical supercharger and fuel injection are available. The engines have a reputation for very high reliability which (, low speed, low power output per liter, stable crankshaft design and most direct drive simplest design ) is achieved by the very conservative design. In addition, the motors are virtually unchanged for decades. The disadvantage of this strong compared to modern car engines outdated construction is the high consumption of over automotive fuels again considerably more expensive aviation fuel. In other relevant categories (weight, reliability, price, maintenance costs), the advantage of more modern constructions is less or absent.

Competition

The direct competitor Teledyne Continental builds technically very similar engines. Porsche had set be begun in the 1980s, aircraft engine commitment again in 1990. The company builds modern Thielert turbo diesel engine and looked up to the insolvency long time as the most likely competitor from. The built by Rotax engines are widely used in the ultralight area and are also suitable for VLA, however, due to limited power not for larger aircraft. Due to the deteriorating global availability of AvGas and the increase in costs, however, fundamental new designs are inevitable in the near future. Tasks that were previously reserved for aircraft with Lycoming engine, can now be taken over by modern motorized VLA and TMG, such as the towing of gliders or pilot training.

Aircraft engine types

  • Boxer engines ( Opposed ): O- 235, O- 350, O- 360
  • Boxer engines with direct petrol injection ( Injection Opposed ), eg IO -540 with 4, 6 or 8 cylinders, which are used in various engine aircraft, including Cessna, Piper or Beech.
  • Boxer engines with reduction gear ( Geared Opposed ), eg Lycoming GO- 480 - B1A6 from Dornier Do 27 and Piaggio P -149
  • Star Engines: Lycoming R -680 for Boeing Stearman and Lycoming XR- 7755, a 36 -cylinder radial engine with liquid cooling marked the high point in the development of radial engines. Four 9-cylinder stars were consecutively arranged in series and produced a combined output of 5,000 hp ( 3676 kW).

Labeling system

Lycoming uses its own labeling system for its piston engines. The engine designation consists of three labeling groups:

  • Letter - number - alphanumeric

The letter closest to the dash number indicates the engine design:

  • O - Boxer Engine
  • X - X-motor
  • R - Radial Engine (R = Radial)

The designs can be combined with the various trim levels:

  • I - fuel injection
  • G - reduction gear for the propeller drive
  • T - Turbocharging
  • S - supercharged
  • A - execution for aerobatics with a dry sump lubrication
  • AE - Version for aerobatics with a wet sump lubrication
  • H - design for use in helicopters ( horizontal installation )
  • V - version for use in helicopters (vertical installation )
  • M - design for use in unmanned aircraft such as drones. Without approval for general aviation
  • L - drive spins counterclockwise.

The number indicates the displacement in cubic inches. A 1 at the end means " integrated auxiliary drive block ".

Models and variants

  • O -145
  • GO -145
  • O -235
  • O -320
  • IO -320
  • AIO -320
  • AEIO -320
  • LIO -320
  • O -340
  • O -360
  • IO-360
  • AIO -360
  • AEIO -360
  • LO -360
  • LIO -360
  • TO- 360
  • TIO -360
  • VO -360
  • HO -360
  • HIO -360
  • LHIO -360
  • IVO -360
  • IO -390
  • O -435
  • VO -435
  • GO -435
  • O -480
  • GO- 480
  • GSO 480
  • IGSO 480
  • O -540
  • VO -540
  • IO -540
  • IVO -540
  • LIO -540
  • TIO -540
  • TVO -540
  • TIVO -540
  • HIO -540
  • LTIO -540
  • AEIO -540
  • TIO -541
  • TIGO -541
  • IO -580
  • GSO 580
  • AEIO -580
  • R -680
  • IO -720

Engine types

  • LF 507 turbofan for Avro RJ70, RJ85 Avro, Avro RJ100
  • LTS 101-750 helicopter BK 117
  • LTC1 ( T53 -L- 1) for the Bell UH- 1 Huey
Petrol engine V8 engine Auburn Automobile Streamline Cars Engine displacement Checker Motors Corporation Dort (automobile) Locomobile Company of America Piedmont (1917 automobile) Walter Herschel Beech Piper Aircraft Lycoming XR-7755 Lycoming T53
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