Maccabiah Games

The Maccabiah Games, also called Maccabiah, in the plural Makkabiot, is the largest international Jewish sporting event and is similar to the Olympic Games designed. It originated during the Zionism movement of the 1930s, from the Jewish Maccabi sports movement. The organization is located at the Maccabi World (MWV ). For the first time it was organized in 1932 in Tel Aviv. Since 1953 she regularly takes place every four years in Israel. The 19th Maccabiah Games took place between July 30, 2013 18.

Also in the four -year cycle, two years after the Maccabiah Games in Israel, the European Maccabiah Games will be held. In 2011, in Vienna from 5 to 13 July hosted the 13th European Maccabiah Games. The next will be held in 2015 in Berlin.

  • Table 3.1
  • 3.2 logos
  • 3.3 Winter Makkabiot
  • 3.4 European Makkabiot
  • 3.5 Pan -American Makkabiot

Etymology

The term Maccabiah is derived from Judas Maccabeus, who in the 2nd century BC, leader of a Jewish revolt against the rule of the Seleucids under Antiochus IV was ( " Maccabean Revolt" ). Maccabeus is derived from the Greek form Maccabaeus, which in turn is derived from the Aramaic Makkaba and translates the hammer.

History

Prehistory

On the way to the training Maccabiah Jewish gymnastics and sports clubs is (among Maccabi movement).

The Jews were well represented in the European gymnastics clubs in the 19th century. The establishment of Jewish associations is due to two effects. On one hand, Jews were forced out of national gymnastics clubs because of the growing anti-Semitism. A dramatic example is Austria; there the Jews were excluded from the 1901 gymnastics clubs. On the other hand, motivated rising nationalism, some Jews to join Jewish associations.

In 1895 the first Jewish sports club was founded in Constantinople Opel, but of this club went from no signal effect. Only after Max Nordau's speech at the second Zionist Congress about the " muscle Jewry", in which he called for the physical training of the Jews, the gymnastics club Bar Kochba was founded in Berlin in 1898. Germany and especially Berlin played for the formation of the Zionist gymnastic clubs and for the formation of the Maccabiah the central role from here is the Zionist sports newspaper "Jewish gymnastic newspaper" was moved ( JTZ ) and the senior members had important influence on the formation of other clubs ( for example, the first athletic clubs in Palestine, with the active help of Elias Auerbach and Ernst Hermann, two former Berliner bar Kochba members, originated ), the Maccabi world (MWV ), and finally the Maccabiah. In the course of this association more clubs were established throughout Germany and abroad.

For the Zionist movement gymnastic exercise was important, what you can see from the speeches and events at the congresses. On the 6th Zionist Congress in 1903 Mandelstam gave a speech in which he just as before Nordau called for the physical " enhancement " of the Jews. In addition, gymnastic demonstrations were organized and based on this 6th Congress of the "Jewish Turnerschaft ", the Association of Zionist gymnastic clubs, who afterwards became the Maccabi World Union. 1921 at the 21st Zionist Congress in Karlsbad the Maccabi World Union was founded. In the clubs of the Jewish youth Zionism should be brought home because the physical training was not considered as an end in itself, but propagated to the " body politic " to get used to healthy and to youth to the physical labor in Palestine. The Maccabi movement worked so closely with the Zionist youth organization Hapoel Hatzair and the Hachshara centers ( training centers to emigrate to Palestine). A few Jewish gymnastic days are held in Europe and the Turntag 1930 in Antwerp. The stringed here History of Maccabi sports clubs is only part of the entire Jewish gymnastics movement, in addition to the Makkabivereinen example, there were still the workers 'sports clubs ' HaPoel " (founded in 1924), the " Reich Association of German Jewish soldiers at the front " ( RDjF ), the revisionist sports clubs " Betar " (founded 1924) and the religious sports club " Elitzur " (founded in 1939). On the first two Makkabiaden the RDjF and the Betar did not attend, but sent representatives to the opening ceremonies. The Jewish sports world was so similar to how fragmented the political life of the Jews. This fragmentation shows the cultural areas such as the sports were politicized, this fragmentation should be solved until long after the founding of the state.

In Tel Aviv, the first sports stadium in the country became the first Maccabiah built and from March 28 to March 31 In 1932, this first Maccabiah with 20,000 visitors rather than in Palestine, a symbolically laid year, namely, exactly 1800 years after the start of the uprising bar Kochba against the Romans. Three years later, took place from 2 to 7 April 1935, the second Maccabiah with 40,000 to 50,000 visitors and 1,350 athletes from 28 countries instead. The planned program for 1938 third Maccabiah was not performed because of the Arab uprising. Then it came because of the Nazi horrors, the Second World War and the independence to make any further Maccabiah

20th Century ( second half)

In 1950 again a Maccabiah was held. The next followed in 1953. Thereafter, analogous to the Olympics a rhythm of four years was set.

Sweeps

Table

Logos

Winter Makkabiot

The only previous two Winter Makkabiaot found in Europe instead:

European Makkabiot

Venues for the European Makkabiot are:

Pan -American Makkabiot

The Konfederation of Latin American Maccabi 's ( CLAM ) organized since 1966 Pan American Makkabiot:

Hakhshara 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine The Holocaust Ramat Gan Ramat Gan Stadium Teddy Stadium 2009 Maccabiah Games Zakopane Lyon France Amsterdam Stirling Italy Brazil Argentina Santiago Chile Jungle World Die Presse Summer Olympic Games Winter Olympic Games Youth Olympic Games World Police and Fire Games Deaflympics Arafura Games Lusophony Games Indian Ocean Island Games Islamic Solidarity Games Central African Games Central American Games West Asian Games Micronesian Games
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