Nerchinsk
Nertschinsk (Russian Нерчинск ) is a city in the region, Transbaikalia (Russia) with 14,959 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ).
Geography
The city is located in the northern foothills of the Borschtschowotschnygebirges in Transbaikalia, about 300 km east of the regional capital of Chita, on the left bank of the Nercha, 7 km above its confluence with the Shilka.
The city is the administrative center of the Nertschinsk Rajons same name.
History
1653 established a Cossack troop under Pyotr Beketov (about 1610-1656 ) on the right bank of the Shilka, opposite the mouth of the Nercha, a Ostrog with names Neljudski. There was later the village Monastyrskoje, today Kalinino at this point. 1658 of Ostrog was the Voivode Yeniseisk Afanassi Pashkov (? -1664 ) The Nercha upwards, on an island between two arms of the river, laid. As of 1689, the resulting settlement "town" is called. In the same year here was the Treaty of Nertschinsk, which regulated the relations and border demarcation in Transbaikalia between Russia and China ( the Manchu Qing Dynasty ) for the next good 150 years. 1697 a customs station for export of fur to China was established. Since that time fugitive serfs were settled with the aim of colonization in the area.
From 1708 Nertschinsk belonged to the province Siberia, from 1719 to the province of Tobolsk, Irkutsk province from 1764. 1783, the city administrative center of a separate oblast within the governorates Irkutsk. 1812 was due to frequent flooding the relocation of the town on higher ground on the left bank, in the valley Saschikow Jar. The construction of the new city followed a regular plan with wide streets parallel to Nercha. From 1822 Nertschinsk county town in the government of Irkutsk, in 1851 the newly formed Oblast Transbaikalia.
1866 began the Nerchinsk merchants butyne with the exploitation of gold deposits in Werschino - Darassunskoje. By means of the merchants a women Progymnasium, a music school, a pharmacy, a print shop and a larger library were set up in a row. Towards the end of the 19th century there were 727 houses, three stone churches, a synagogue, several schools, a museum and a public park. Nertschinsk was thus an important cultural, as well as commercial center of Eastern Siberia, but lost its leading role in Chita in the course of the 19th century. Nertschinsk was also from 1826 to 1917 of exile for political prisoners ( Nerchinsk Katorga ).
Demographics
Note: Census data (1926-1939 rounded)
Culture and sights
Larger parts of the building according to the plan of 1812 are obtained, the classical Resurrection Cathedral ( Voskresensky Sobor ) of 1825 and the former building of the Trade series ( 1840) on the central bazaar square, the house of the merchants butyne in the Moorish style ( 1860s ), the hotel Daurija (2nd half of the 19th century ), which among other Anton Chekhov 1890 station made on his trip to the island of Sakhalin, and wooden houses from the 19th century.
From older buildings ( where there is also the original Nerchinsk Ostrog was ) the main church of Nerchinsk - Uspensky monastery ( Uspensky monastery ) is obtained from 1706 to 1712 in halbzerstörtem condition 8 km away village Kalinino. These are at the easternmost example of the so-called Moscow Baroque and perhaps the oldest Russian stone building east of Lake Baikal, and is therefore to be rebuilt.
Nertschinsk has a 1886 by the archaeologist, local historian and revolutionary Alexei Kuznetsov ( 1845-1928 ) founded local museum, including a collection of Buddhist art and Chinese bronzes ( in the restored butyn- house since 2003).
Economy and infrastructure
The economy is dependent on engineering and food industries.
7 km south of the city leads the Trans-Siberian Railway by ( station Priiskowaja, of leading a freight terminal treks into the city, 6490 line kilometers from Moscow). Nertschinsk is the junction of several roads (after Sretensk, Balei, Aga, Tschernyschewsk ) and has a small airport.