Oleaceae

Genuine olive trees ( Olea europaea subsp. Europaea)

The plant family Oleaceae ( Olive Family ) belongs to the order Lippenblütlerartigen ( Lamiales ). The approximately 25 genera with about 600 species are native to all continents and climatic zones of the temperate zone to the tropics. In China, ten genera occur with 160 species, of which 95 are just there and China is the center of diversity of the genus Forsythia, Syringa, Osmanthus and Ligustrum.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

They are mostly evergreen or deciduous rare woody plants: especially trees and shrubs, and there are some creepers. They grow independently erect or climbing, in the genus Jasminum the stem axis wind counterclockwise. There are complex hairs ( trichomes ), which are usually shield-shaped, yet. The bark has lenticels.

The almost always opposite, rarely alternate or whorl arranged leaves are stalked. The leaf blades are simple or compound; when they are put together, they are pinnate three or more parts unpaired. The leaf margins are smooth, sawn or perforated. They are pinnate or hand pain. The stomata are usually anomocytisch. Stipules absent.

Generative features

The flowers are single or in a terminal or pendent, very differently constructed ( zymösen, paniculate, racemose, or frets doldigen time ) summarized inflorescences. The flowers are usually bisexual, rarely unisexual; if they are unisexual then may be depending on the type monoecious, dioecious or Subdiözie.

The often fragrant flowers are radial symmetry, usually cruciform, and usually with a double perianth (sometimes all bloom like petals are shaped the same ). The most four (rarely no or up to 16 ) sepals are fused in pairs or all Roehrig or rarely almost free. The most four, rarely none ( at Nestegis, Forestiera and wind-pollinated Fraxinus ) or up to 16 petals are usually grown. There is only one stamen circle exists: there are four rare, usually only two fertile stamens; they are with each other freely. Two carpels are fused to a constant upper ( syncarp ), two-chambered ovary. The ovary chamber two (one to fifty) suspended or ascending, anatrope or Amphitrope, unitegmische, tenuinucellate ovules are usually present. A pen may be present. The scar is two-lobed or capitate.

Are formed very different fruit: loculicidale capsule fruits, berries, stone fruits, Samara or woody fruit decay. If you own the seed endosperm it is oily. The straight, chlorophyllose embryo has two cotyledons ( cotyledons ) and an up or downward Radicula.

System

The Oleaceae family was erected in 1809 by Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg and Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link in Flore de toutes les portugaise ou description ..., 1, p 62. Type genus Olea L. is. Synonyms for Oleaceae Hoffmann. & Link are: Bolivariaceae Griseb, Forestieraceae Meisn, Fraxinaceae Vest, Jasminaceae Juss, Lilacaceae Vent.. .. nom. illeg. , Nyctanthaceae J.Agardh, Syringaceae Horan ..

The Oleaceae family is divided into five tribes and four subtribe and includes about 25 genera with about 600 (400 to 900) types:

  • Tribus Fontanesieae L.Johnson: it contains only one genus: without subtribe Fontanesia Labill. Contains only one type: Fontanesia philliraeoides Labill. A subspecies occurs in Asia Minor and Sicily, and a second subspecies occurs in China.
  • Abeliophyllum Nakai: It contains only one type: Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai: It occurs only in Korea.
  • Without subtribe Jasminum L.: The about 200 species are distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Australia.
  • Menodora Humb. & Bonpl. The approximately 22 to 24 species have a disjoint area in the subtropical North, Central and South America and South Africa.
  • Dimetra Kerr: It contains only one type: Dimetra craibeana Kerr: It occurs only in northeastern Thailand.
  • Subtribe Ligustrinae: it contains only two genera: Privet ( Ligustrum L.): The approximately 45 species in temperate to tropical regions of Eurasia and Australia and widespread in North America neophytes.
  • Lilac (Syringa L.): The approximately 20 species are mainly in subtropical regions of Eurasia spread ..
  • Comoranthus Knobl. The only three species are found only on Madagascar and the Comoros.
  • Schrebera Roxb. Those about four species are widespread in tropical Africa and India.
  • Ash (Fraxinus L.): The approximately 50 species distributed mainly in temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
  • Snow trees ( Chionanthus L. ): The 80 to 100 species are distributed in tropical to sub-tropical America, Africa, Asia, Australia.
  • Forestiera Poir. The approximately 15 species in the subtropical North America, distributed on Caribbean islands and in northern South America.
  • Haenianthus Griseb. The three species occur on the Caribbean islands.
  • Hesperelaea A. Gray: The only way Hesperelaea palmeri A. Gray in Mexico has died
  • Nestegis Raf. Koomen With five types before ( sort of) in New Zealand and Hawaii.
  • Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars: The approximately 41 species are found only on Madagascar and the Comoros.
  • Notelaea Vent. The approximately twelve species are distributed in Australia and Tasmania.
  • Olive trees ( Olea L.): The approximately 41 species are widespread in the Mediterranean region and South Africa, South Asia, eastern Australia, New Caledonia.
  • Scented flowers ( Osmanthus Lour. ): The approximately 30 species are distributed in sub-tropical areas of Southeast Asia, the U.S. and Mexico.
  • Phillyrea L.: The only two species are distributed from the Mediterranean region to western Asia.
  • Picconia DC:. Contains only one or two species in Macaronesia.
  • Priogymnanthus PSGreen: The only two species are widespread in South America.

Use

There are some species of the following genera used: Fraxinus and Forsythia ( medically and as an ornamental plant ); Jasminum ( jasmine ), Osmanthus ( Osmanthus ) and Syringa ( as a spice and as an ornamental plant ); Olea (olive tree ( Olea europaea) fruit and oil ) and Fraxinus ( the wood).

Swell

  • The Oleaceae family in APWebsite. (Sections systematics and description)
  • The Oleaceae family at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. ( Description section )
  • Mei - chen Chang, Lien -ching Chiu, Zhi Wei & Peter S. Green: Oleaceae, pp. 272 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi and Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 (sections description and use).
  • Eva Wallander & Victor A. Albert: Phylogeny and classification of Oleaceae based on rps16 and trnL -F sequence data, In: American Journal of Botany, Volume 87, 2000, pp. 1827-1841: Full text online. (Sections systematics and description)
Asterids Liana Umbel Jasminum humile Ovary (botany) Berry Drupe Cereal germ Disjunct distribution Agricultural Research Service
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