PoreÄ
Poreč [ pɔrɛtʃ ] (Italian Parenzo, lat histor. Parens or Parentium, German histor. Porec ) is next to Rovinj and the urban center of Pula, the most important town on the west coast of the Istrian peninsula in Croatia and has 16,696 inhabitants (as of 2011 ). The most important monument in Poreč is the Bishop building with the Euphrasiana, which was included by UNESCO in the World Heritage Site. The city is also the seat of the Catholic Diocese of Poreč - Pula.
Geography and economy
Poreč is located on a narrow peninsula that is protected by the small offshore island of Sveti Nikola ( St. Nicholas ). It forms together with the adjacent and partially incorporated municipalities the largest and most diverse from the offer tourist center of Istria. In the summer months the population swells to 70,000, in the remaining time live about 10,500 people (2005) in the city.
The case of sufficient irrigation very fertile Roterdeböden around Poreč is used for agriculture very intense. There is fruit, vegetables, and especially cultivated wine. The ancient indigenous varieties such as the yellow to greenish yellow Malvasia and red wine Teran be sacrificed increasingly common modern vines. North of Poreč, in the area of Tar -Vabriga, a high quality olive oil is produced.
Poreč 1902-1935 was the temporary end of the local railway Trieste- Parenzo for better transport links to the hinterland, today is this 153 km long route as a cycle route.
History
The area was inhabited very early as finds from the Neolithic period and the Bronze Age show. Around 800 BC the Illyrian tribe of the Histri settled in this area, probably dates from this time also the first sheltered harbor. The settlement center of the Histri, which also gave its name to the peninsula, was in Nesactium, near Pula.
By 100 BC, the Romans succeeded in defeating the Histrians. In Poreč they put on a fortified camp ( castrum ), which is close to a Roman civilian settlement ( oppidum ) very quickly developed and finally under Emperor Tiberius the rank of a colony ( Colonia Iulia Parentium ) received. The scheduled installation with the two main streets Decumanus and Maximus and the lying in the center Forum is preserved in its main features to this day.
After the barbarian invasions came Poreč from 539 AD on for about 250 years under Byzantine rule. From this period dates the most famous monument of the city, the Euphrasiana. It was founded by the bishop of the early Christian community, Euphrasius. UNESCO declared the Church and its outbuildings in 1997 as a World Heritage Site.
In the year 788, the city fell under Frankish rule. For a short time ruled from 1232 the Patriarchate of Aquileia, Venice until 1267, the city took and held until the end of 1797 Doge republic in their possession. Today's building stock was substantially during this time, but was destroyed by bombing a lot in World War II.
1354 has a Genoese fleet Poreč occupied, looted and set on fire. Even the bones of the patron saint St. Maurus were stolen. In 1440 the city was affected by a major earthquake, in which, inter alia, the basilica was damaged.
Frequent outbreaks of plague depopulated Poreč but more and more, so that the city in the late 17th century, little more than 100 inhabitants counted.
In the 18th century, during the Austrian rule since 1797 or 1815, Poreč recovered both economically and population numerically, but the preponderance of Italian was even greater than in the previous periods in that time. This was due, not least, also decisions of the meeting in Poreč Istrian Parliament. The company controlled by the Italian Parliament upper class preferred the Italian side as a school language in all Istrian towns, as well as in Poreč. In the management of Croatian long time was not allowed. The Austrian census of 1900, determined for Poreč 3390 Italian citizens and 13 Slovene mother tongue, while Croats were not represented at all.
After the collapse of the monarchy in 1918 Poreč was until the end of World War II part of Italy. 1944, there was a heavy air attack by the Allies. 1945 moved the Yugoslav partisans in the city, which was accompanied by the expulsion and flight of many Italian residents. In the Paris Peace Conference in 1946, Yugoslavia was confirmed throughout Istria and Poreč with it in possession. The city became part of the Republic of Croatia.
Attractions
Its most famous attraction of Poreč is situated in the northern part of the peninsula Euphrasiana and the surrounding complex of ecclesiastical buildings ( baptistery, bishop's palace, and others).
Started by the former medieval, between the 12th and 16th century city wall with 11 towers are still preserved 3 towers:
- The northern tower, built in 1473 by the then governor Francesco Bondulimier. Near the tower there are still remnants of the former city wall.
- The Pentagonal tower, built in 1447 by the then governor Nicolo Lion. In the tower there is the relief of a Venetian lion. The half-open at the top of tower houses, combined with a neighboring building, since the three-year renovation completed in 1994 a restaurant.
- The Round Tower ( Serenisima ), built in 1474 by the former city administrator Pietro de Mula. The tower can be climbed, on the terrace of the tower is located since 2001 bar ( Torre Rotondo ).
The east-west running main street Ulica Decumanus is not just the popular shopping and entertainment, you are also located along most of the historic buildings and monuments.
The Trg Marafor (Forum Square), which was originally named from the Roman period Roman Forum is a small place with remains (parts of walls and foundations) Roman temples. The original Roman paving of the square has been preserved and is visible in some places. To the west of the park at the end of the main street Decumanus are the remains of two Roman temples. The temple of Mars (also called Great Temple ) was once at the beginning of the 1st century one of the largest temples in Istria. The remaining ruins of the Temple of Neptune, among other things, with the stone columns, also date from the 1st century.
A building in the Romanesque style is the Roman House ( Romanička kuća ). It was built in the 13th century. Striking for the building is the protruding wooden balconies, as well as the aussenwändige stone staircase and located in front of the staircase stone fountain from the 15th century. Moreover, there is a biforium and a monolithic Archivolte.
Several Gothic building located along Ulica Decumanus at the square Trg Matije Gupca, the Gothic building complex ( Kompleks gotičkih kuća ), the Zuccato Palace ( Palača Zucatto ), in which now houses an art gallery, and two other buildings from the 15th century ( Gotická kuća ).
The Palais Polezini (1896 ), west of the square Marafor located and now used as a hotel, and the Palais Sincic ( 1729 ) on the Ulica Decumanus are two late-Gothic manor houses. In the latter there is the 1884 opened ( for some years but closed ) museum of local Poreština, with prehistoric, ancient and medieval collections.
Featured examples later Romanesque architecture are the Kanonikerhaus, built in the mid 13th century, and the single-storey, built in the 14th and 15th century house of two saints with the relief figures of the two saints on the outer wall.
Along the harbor road, Obala marsaia tita, is the theater building from 1886, with an eye-catching sculpture on the roof and the two attached to the façade reliefs of Porec- crest. Next door, separated by a small park with a monument, is the town hall from 1909, built by the architect Ruggero and Arduino Berlam Berlam from Trieste.
On the west of the peninsula of the historic old town of Porec is facing a large square, the Church of Our Lady, built between 1743-1770 in neo-classical style ( Crkva Gospe od Anđela ).
The Diet Palace ( Sabornica ), a 13th-century Gothic church ( Franziskanierkirche ) built in Baroque style in the 18th century, now used as a hall for concerts and exhibitions. Until the late 19th century was held here Landtag of Istria.
The Euphrasiana
Main square with Church of Our Lady
Romanesque house, 13th century
Gothic House ( Gotická kuća lion ), 1473
Gothic building complex ( Kompleks gotičkih kuća ), 15th century
Zuccato Palace ( Palača Zucatto ), 15th century
City Hall ( gradska palača )
Sports
The handball club RK Porec carries its home games in the occasion of the World Handball Championship for Men was built in 2009 Sportska dvorana Žatika.
Festivals
In Poreč several festivals are celebrated. The day of Poreč on 30 April is a public holiday held on the sporting and cultural events and entertainment programs. Mandalenjina on the last Sunday in July is a traditional folk festival and a religious celebration in honor of St. Magdalena in Višnjan. Rokova on August 16, is also a popular festival and a religious celebration of the holiday Sveti Rok (English: Saint Roch ), the protector of the place Nova Vas. Mavrova on November 21, is a religious celebration in the churches Poreč on the occasion of the holiday of St. Mauro, the patron saint of the city. On this day, on the Trg Sloboda ( Freedom Square ), sporting events and entertainment programs take place.
Twinning
- Hungary Siófok, Hungary