Salzburg (state)

The country is a country in Salzburg Austria. The state capital is Salzburg. The independent historical development of the state as a spiritual kingdom Principality from 1328 to 1803 and as the electorate until 1805, and its membership of the Bavarian kingdom circuit in this time is different, the country of the history of all other Austrian countries.

  • 2.1 Political districts
  • 2.2 Towns with town rights
  • 7.1 Customs
  • 7.2 cultural associations and cultural events
  • 7.3 Cultural Promotion

Geography

The Province of Salzburg covers an area of ​​7154.23 km ². The highest elevation in Salzburg is the GROßVENEDIGER with a height of 3662 m above sea level. A.; The mountain is also the fourth highest mountain in Austria. From the national border are 174 kilometers at the same time Austrian frontier, for the most part in the north- west of Bavaria / Germany and to a lesser extent in the South West to South Tyrol / Italy. Otherwise, Salzburg is bordered to the west and southwest of Tyrol, on the northeast by Upper Austria, on the east by Styria and Carinthia in the south.

Landscapes

Geographically, the province of Salzburg is divided into the five districts whose boundaries are identical to the districts of the country ( see Administration).

The northern part of the country is divided into two districts:

  • The Flachgau is the northernmost region of the country, which also includes the very next area in the south of the city of Salzburg. His name has been created in accordance with the terms of the other provinces " in the mountains" late and pushes the geographical nature of the area from. This consists of the Salzburg Alpine foothills and small parts belonging to the Northern Limestone Alps Osterhorngruppe.
  • The Tennengau closes south to the Flachgau and spacious comprises the area around the town of Hallein and located south of communities. Its name derives from the Tennen Mountains, whose first name part goes back to the word fir. It essentially comprises the wide here Salzach Valley and the mountains on either side of them located in the northern Limestone Alps.

The southern part of the province of Salzburg is divided into three districts:

  • The Pinzgau region occupies the western part of it. Its name is derived possibly from the Celtic tribe of the Ambisonter. A common explanation is that it is in the field is the " rushes " Gau, as may have been previously commonly encountered this plant here.
  • The Pongau is the middle one of the three southern provinces. The name derives from Pongo, the former name for modern Bischofshofen ago. Pongo yourself will probably be on a Celtic bona, limit; (limited) surface plane ' back; possible is also a connection with bean; meant here is the horse bean, which was to be found here.
  • The Lungau is located in the southeast of Salzburg. The origin of the name is unclear, but it goes right back safely on a Slavic or a Celtic word. Another possibility is a connection with Lonka, the on the homonymous Slavic word for ' bog, swamp ' receding name for a creek to the north of the Lungau.

These three southern provinces by the Hohe Tauern and the Lungau in the Lower Tauern, both of which belong to the Central Alps. Together they will - described as " Innergebirg " - particularly from the perspective of the less mountainous parts of the country Salzburg.

Management

Political districts

The province of Salzburg is divided into five administrative districts and a statutory city, the city of Salzburg, broken. The districts are typical for the country still called districts (as landscapes ).

  • Salzburg ( Flachgau )
  • Salzburg City ( capital )
  • Hallein ( Tennengau )
  • Zell am See (Pinzgau )
  • St. Johann im Pongau ( Pongau)
  • Tamsweg (Lungau )

Municipalities with municipal law

In the Land of Salzburg there are eleven municipalities with municipal law. ( In brackets the number of inhabitants on 1 January 2013)

History

The settlement history of Salzburg goes back to the earliest Neolithic. From the Celts comes the oldest name of the city: Iuvavum. Under the Romans was Iuvavum a local government district within the province of Noricum Noricum or Ripense. Since the acquisition of land by the Bavarians in the 6th century, the area of the later province of Salzburg belonged to the Duchy of Bavaria. Through establishment or renewal of the Foundation of St. Peter 696 and the founding of the convent on the Nonnberg 713 on the ruins of the Roman Juvavum created St. Rupert the basis for a bishopric ( 739 ), which was 798 archbishopric of Salzburg and thus the center of the baierischen ecclesiastical province. These included nearly the entire altbaierischen room.

Archbishop Eberhard II, a decided partisan of the Hohenstaufen, he managed from 1200 to 1246 from counties, courts and bailiwicks a closed archiepiscopal territory build. With the recognition of the limits of this - for the time being Bavarian - State of Salzburg by Duke Henry XIII. of Landshut in 1275 began the replacement of Salzburg from the Duchy of Bavaria. 1328 Salzburg was German by the issuing of an order for their own country largely independent state within the Holy Roman Empire nation. As Archbishopric of Salzburg, it became a buffer state between Bavaria and the Habsburg countries.

Economically, not only the salt trade of great importance, but also of gold mining in the Rauris and Gastein Valley in the 15th and 16th centuries. The reduction amounts of gold were briefly the largest in Central Europe. The wealth of the country of Salzburg increased, so also the social tensions between rich citizens and nobles, as well as the rural poor. Connected to an autocratic claim to power of the prince archbishops led the voltages 1462/63 and 1525 from the Gebirgsgauen peasant rebellions. The Peasants' Revolt of 1525 was also marked by the rise of Protestantism. In the result, there were several occasions Protestants evictions. The largest wave expulsion took place under Prince Archbishop Leopold Anton Graf von Firmian, referred to the 1731/32 around 20,000 Salzburger Protestant ( "Salzburg exiles " ) of the country.

1803, the principality as secularised Electorate of Salzburg to the Habsburg Grand Duke Ferdinand III. of Tuscany, in 1805, founded in 1804 together with the prince provost Berchtesgaden Austrian Empire. 1810 Salzburg Bavarian is a circle Salzach province. After the Congress of Vienna in 1816, the final integration is performed in Salzburg in the Austrian multi-ethnic state. By 1850, it remained as the Salzburg district only a part of Austria above the Enns (Upper Austria ). The previously belonging always to Salzburg Salzburg and western parts of the former princely provost Berchtesgaden remained in Bavaria, the Zillertal and Windischmatrei ( Matrei in East Tyrol) were affiliated to the Tyrol. Only in 1850, Salzburg became a separate Austrian crown land, which also had its own parliament as a legislature and a National Committee as the executive since 1860, preform the later regional government ( with the name of the state government governor's office was called then).

End of October 1918, the Province of Salzburg part of German Austria, called since November 12, 1918 Republic since October 25, 1919 Republic of Austria. Like the rest of Austria was ruled Salzburg 1934-1938 dictatorial. During the period of Nazi dictatorship Salzburg and Carinthia were the only countries or Reichsgaue the Ostmark with unchanged borders. In the so-called occupation period 1945-1955 as Salzburg Upper Austria counted south of the Danube and a part of Vienna to the U.S. occupation zone.

Demographics

Policy

In the history of republican Austria two Salzburg provincial governors have taken major roles: in the First Republic Franz Rehrl, in the Second Republic Josef Klaus, the 1964-1970 in the cabinets Klaus I ( grand coalition ) and Klaus II (first single-party government of the Second Republic ) served as chancellor. Klaus was the last ÖVP Chancellor for next 30 years.

The policy in Salzburg was determined in 1945 began the Second Republic, especially of the Austrian People's Party, which for almost 60 years, from 1945 to 2004, provided all the Salzburg provincial governors. The elections to the Salzburg Parliament on 7 March, starting in 2004, the SPÖ most votes fraction. This position was recovered from the ÖVP in the regional elections in Salzburg 2013. The reigning state government currently consists of three members of the government of the ÖVP, three representatives of the Green Party and one member of the team Stronach.

See also: Governor of Salzburg, results of the parliamentary elections in Austria

Since the 1960s, won Salzburg contributions to important policy debates in Austria by the action and aftermath of the publicist and legal philosopher René Marcic extra weight. At his instigation, the University of Salzburg was rebuilt and made ​​her the first Austrian Department of Political Science. In addition, he led the newspaper " Salzburger Nachrichten " became one of those very few media in Austria that operate today upstanding political debate.

Since 1995, the Euregio Salzburg - Berchtesgaden - Traunstein, a coalition at the local level to improve the variety of intergovernmental cooperation in implementation of European thought.

Economy, Transport and Infrastructure

Expressed in comparison with the average GDP of the European Union in purchasing power standards the province of Salzburg in 2004 reached an index value of 141.8 (EU -27: 100).

In the Land of Salzburg tourism is one of the most important industries. Due to the alpine situation, the country thrives on summer and winter tourism. Salzburg to Tyrol, the Austrian federal state with the most overnight stays ( from 2001 until 2011 between 21.5 and 24.5 million per year ).

Due to the special geographic position Salzburg traffic is technically and economically linked with the Bavarian districts of Traunstein and Berchtesgaden. Thus, the shortest road link leads to the cities and towns of Pinzgau about the so-called Little German Eck (Salzburg, Bad Reichenhall, Lofer ). Economically, particularly Freilassing ( district Salzburghofen was once a suburb of Salzburg ) and Bad Reichenhall connected with Salzburg.

As the largest utilities in the country infratstruktureller acts to around three-quarters of the city and the state of Salzburg belonging " Salzburg AG ". This provides electricity, water, natural gas and district heating, and is the operator of several public transport. In addition, by the company telecommunication services ( telephone, Internet, cable TV ) are offered.

Culture

Customs

The different landscapes are home to many different customs, some of which (still) be maintained in a single location only. Nationally, comes in the run up to Christmas with Santa Claus Krampus. A recent development here are organized Krampus runs where the Krampus figures rather are based on fantasy costumes of the film industry. In the Raunächten after Christmas Gloeckler and Perchten come. Vibrant Summer customs especially in the Lungau are the Prangstangen and Samson. The 5-day Rupertikirtag in the city of Salzburg is one of the most traditional festivals in Austria and is visited annually by more than 100,000 people.

Cultural associations and cultural events

Associations and groups for the purpose of promoting cultural interests and the organization of cultural events can be found concentrated in the state capital, are also represented in the entire state. As an organizational merger and representatives of common interests for all acts of the governing body Salzburg's cultural sites. Official advisory bodies on the part of the country are the Salzburger Landes- Cultural Advisory Council and the Salzburg cultural services.

Cultural events and event cycles, there are primarily in the city of Salzburg. Among the significant regular cultural events in the country include - in addition to traditional events of local importance - the Rauris Literature Days (since 1971), the International Jazz Festival Saalfelden (since 1979) and which take place in Radstadt Paul Hofhaimer days ( old and new music, since 1987).

Cultural Promotion

The province of Salzburg has many cultural subsidies furnished with a special focus on support of contemporary art. In the literature, these are the Rauris Literature Prize, the Georg Trakl Prize for Poetry and annual scholarships for literature. In the areas of music, film and visual arts, there are also one-year scholarships, beyond the Grand Art Prize for Music, the Salzburg Music Prize and various state prizes in architecture, ceramics, painting, graphic art.

Partnerships

Since 1970, the Province of Salzburg and the Republic of Lithuania joins a partnership.

In 1999, the Autonomous Province of Trento ( Italy Republic ) signed a partnership agreement. It is the most in Austria Trentino mentioned, the Italian part of the historic Austrian crown land of Tyrol until 1918, the former of Trento.

Wilfried Haslauer junior Bavarian Circle Salzkammergut Mountains Zell am See District Tamsweg District Niedere Tauern Salzburg-Umgebung District Hallein District Rupert of Salzburg House of Hohenstaufen Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany Deutsches Eck (transport link) Pre-Christian Alpine traditions Samson in popular culture Early music Liezen District Lienz District Integrated Authority File
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