Sansevieria
Sansevieria trifasciata, island mountain in Yaounde, Cameroon
Sansevieria ( Sansevieria ) is a plant genus of the subfamily of Nolinoideae in the family of asparagus plants ( Asparagaceae ) within the order of asparagus -like ( Asparagales ). Sansevieria is closely related to the genus Dracaena ( Dracaena ) and is sometimes counted among these. The botanical name honors the Italian nobleman and patron of horticulture Pietro Antonio Sanseverino, Prince of Bisignano, saw the plant in flower and fruit in the garden in La Barra, near Naples Petagna. The German Trivial names are Sansevieria or mother tongue. Some species and many varieties ( variegated in part, so with bright stripes on the leaves ) are popular and easy to care for houseplants.
- 3.1 Outer systematics
- 3.2 Internal systematics
- 6.1 Industrial use
- 6.2 Medical Terms
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Sansevieria species grow as a stemless or stem -forming perennial, succulent plant. They are usually evergreen and often form larger clumps, yet they are sometimes near the base of her branches with underground rhizomes or aboveground foothills. The sessile, erect leaves grow individually together standing up to several while two lines or even in basal rosettes. The leaf blade is thick succulent or coriaceous, lanceolate, linear or band-shaped and flat, or cylindrical or semi-cylindrical and usually on the upper side provided with a groove. The spreading are sometimes narrowed at the base of leaf stalk or something similar. They are green, often patterned with lighter spots or cross bands and cultural forms they can also be variegated. The leaf margin is smooth. Seedlings of species with cylindrical leaves, drawn as well from cuttings seedlings have short, flat leaves, and are different from the mature plants.
Generative features
The hermaphrodite flowers are borne in simple aged men, paniculate branched or even in simple capitate dense inflorescences. The bracts of the flowers have extra-floral nectar. They are stalked, actinomorphic, often nocturnal sweetly scented. The flower stem is segmented. The identically designed bracts are fused at the base and form a tube with six free corners. This often whitish tip are rolled back at anthesis. There are two circles, each with three stamens present, which are extended beyond the perianth out and protrude through the rolled-back tepals with open flower. The simple style is usually as long as or slightly longer than the stamens. The bloom is white, yellowish - white, pale pink or greenish- white. The flowers are often pollinated at night by moths. After pollination a red or orange berry is formed which contains from one to three seeds. The inflorescences are terminal and stop the growth of each drive, so each drive blooms only once. However, they are not hapaxanth since they live after flowering quite a few years.
Chromosomes
The base chromosome number of the genus is or.
Ingredients
From leaf press juice of Sansevieria aethiopica aconitic acid was isolated. At 60 degrees dried leaves of Sansevieria trifasciata gave 0.7 percent of a diester of phthalic acid with one molecule of propanol and a molecule of 1,4- butanediol.
Dissemination and locations
Sansevieria is currently being circulated with a total of 67 species, especially in Africa, particularly Kenya and Tanzania, as well as in the Arabian Peninsula, most notably in Yemen and southern Asia, and in the Comoros, India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar. Some species are wild in subtropical countries. Many species are now planted as fencing in southern Florida. They have partially independent. In southern Europe and the Canary Islands are found in gardens and other planting a variety of species have also been brought by all the people here.
System
Outer systematics
Sansevieria belongs to the tribe Dracaenea of the subfamily of Nolinoideae in the family of asparagus plants ( Asparagaceae ) within the monocot plants ( monocots ).
Dracaena
Sansevieria
Inside systematics
The first publication was in 1794 by Carl Peter Thunberg.
Synonyms for the species are Acyntha Medik. (1786 ), Sanseverinia Petagna (1787 ) and Salmia Cav. (1795 ).
The systematics of the genus Sansevieria Thunb. is difficult because there are many cultivars that have been designated as types, and show up with these names in lists of plants, etc.. The following species belong to the genus Sansevieria:
- Section " Sansevieria " Thunb. Subsection " Sansevieria " Thunb. Sansevieria aethiopica Thunb.
- Sansevieria aubrytiana Carrière
- Sansevieria braunii Engl & Krause
- Sansevieria burmanica N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria concinna N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria conspicua N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria dawei Stapf
- Sansevieria fasciata Cornu ex Gérôme & Labroy
- Sansevieria forskaoliana ( Schult. & Schult.f. ) Hepper & JRIWood
- Sansevieria frequens Chahin.
- Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce ( type species of the sub-section )
- Sansevieria liberica Gérôme & Labroy
- Sansevieria longiflora Sims
- Sansevieria longistyla la Croix
- Sansevieria masoniana Chahin.
- Sansevieria metallica Gérôme & Labroy
- Sansevieria nilotica Baker
- Sansevieria nitida Chahin.
- Sansevieria parva N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria pedicellata la Croix
- Sansevieria raffillii N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. & Schult.f.
- Sansevieria senegambica Baker
- Sansevieria subspicata Baker
- Sansevieria subtilis N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria trifasciata Prain (By the way there are many varieties, the most important are ' Hahnii ' and ' Laurentii '. )
- Sansevieria bacularis penny ex A.Butler & Jankalski
- Sansevieria burdettii Chahin.
- Sansevieria canaliculata Carrière
- Sansevieria cylindrica Bojer ex Hook. ( Type species of the sub-section )
- Sansevieria ebracteata ( Cav. ) Suresh
- Sansevieria eilensis Chahin.
- Sansevieria erythraeae Mattei
- Sansevieria gracillima Chahin.
- Sansevieria hargeisana Chahin.
- Sansevieria pearsonii N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria pfisteri D.J.Richards
- Sansevieria sordida N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria varians N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria Volkensii Gürke
- Sansevieria zeylanica (L.) Willd.
- Sansevieria ballyi L.E.Newton
- Sansevieria bella L.E.Newton
- Sansevieria caulescens N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria downsii Chahin.
- Sansevieria francisii Chahin.
- Sansevieria gracilis N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria phillipsiae N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria suffruticosa N.E.Br. ( Type species of the sub-section )
- Sansevieria arborescens Cornu ex Gérôme & Labroy
- Sansevieria ascending L.E.Newton
- Sansevieria bagamoyensis N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria dumetescens L.E.Newton
- Sansevieria ehrenbergii Schweinf. ex Baker ( type species of the section )
- Sansevieria perrotii Warblers.
- Sansevieria Pinguicula P.R.O.Bally
- Sansevieria powellii N.E.Br.
- Sansevieria powysii L.E.Newton
- Sansevieria fischeri ( Baker) Marais
- Sansevieria formosa Chahin.
- Sansevieria hallii Chahin.
- Sansevieria humiflora D.J.Richards
- Sansevieria kirkii Baker ( type species of the section )
- Sansevieria sambiranensis H.Perrier
- Sansevieria scimitariformis D.J.Richards
- Sansevieria sinusoidal simiorum Chahin.
- Sansevieria stuckyi God. - Leb.
Botanical history
As in 1794, Carl Peter Thunberg, the genus Sansevieria and two related species Sansevieria aethiopica and Sansevieria thyrsiflora described, actually has him be noticed that seven years earlier, in 1787 in the reasoned by Vincenzo Petagna genus Sanseverinia one of the two types, namely Sansevieria thyrsiflora, was described generically. The similarity of both generic and specific name seems rather to be a suspicious circumstance, as Thunberg himself used the name Sanseverinia. Just a year ago Petagna had Friedrich Casimir Medicus erected the genus Acyntha in 1786. Some species were found in 1763 by Michel Adanson under the then new genus name Cordyline.
A suggestion by Hermann August Theodor Harms and other botanists, following in 1904 published a list of generic names should be preserved, contrary to the accepted among botanists priority principle due to their wide distribution as " nomen conservandum ". Under the recommended Harms of generic names, there was also the genus Sansevieria should be preserved against the previously described genus Acyntha. Harms list found its way into the 1905 meeting in Vienna Second International Botanical Congress submitted for acceptance of proposals and was adopted by the Congress. Another solution would have led to considerable inconvenience and confusion.
The systematic allocation of Sansevieria was throughout history very changeable, since many species were not very well described. Carl Linnaeus made it first to Aloe George Bentham put the genus in 1883 to the family Haemodoraceae what the species under Cordyline described by Adanson was back in the distant future. Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler realized this and transferred it to the family of Liliaceae. The subsequent assignment to Agavaceae itself was still maintained by CJ Couper 1986. According to the latest revisions and phylogenetic studies, the phylogenetic assignment to the subfamily of Nolinoideae in the family of asparagus plants resulted in 2010 ( Asparagaceae ).
Endangering
In the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources ( IUCN) are performed no species of the genus Sansevieria. Trade with them is not protected by the Washington Convention ( CITES).
Use
Industrial use
In some species the leaves are used for fiber production, followed by the common names such as Sansevieria and African sisal point. These include primarily: Sansevieria hyacinthoides, Sansevieria cylindrica, Sansevieria kirkii, Sansevieria longiflora, ehrenbergii Sansevieria, Sansevieria liberica, roxburghiana Sansevieria, Sansevieria senegambica, Sansevieria Sansevieria canaliculata and subspicata. Qualitative differences due to different fiber lengths influenced cultivation. Hybrids with improved fiber quality were later produced in the USA. From about the mid-sixties, the market broke through the increasing competition from synthetic fibers gradually and is now relatively insignificant. The leaf fibers are used for the production of fine mats, ropes and twine, hats, tendons and also for garments.
Medical Terms
Apart from the fact that many of Sansevieria species are regarded as useful ornamental plants, in addition to the succulent leaves the ground or powdered parts of the roots and rhizomes are used for medical applications. The leaf juice of some species, for example, of Sansevieria ehrenbergii, have a strong antiseptic properties and are used in traditional medicine in associations in first aid. With the cooked leaves of some species Sansevieria rashes and ulcers are treated. If you look with the leaves on warts, they should regress. Sansevieria trifasciata From is reported that the warmed leaf juice is used against earache. The juice of Sansevieria ehrenbergii is applied even when neuromuscular blockade. Aureum As with Dracaena fragrans Epipremnum and is believed in many Sansevieria species, they also improve the air we breathe by removing toxins (eg, benzene, toluene and trichlorethylene). Because many Sansevierias the leaves grow upwards, they are among the preferred species for Feng Shui purposes. Plants in the vicinity of children or in the vicinity of workplaces to aggression away.