Seven Second Summits
Under the name of Seven Second Summits [ sevən sekənd sʌmɪts ] (English for Seven Second Summits) each second highest mountains of the seven continents are summarized. Since there are different views on the boundaries of Asia to Europe on the one hand and Australia on the other hand, come at least nine mountains in question. It is also disputed at a summit, if he is to be regarded as a separate mountain or just as an addition to the summit, so that a total of ten different peaks can be counted among the Seven Second Summits. Part contradictory elevations create additional uncertainty, so ultimately at least eleven peaks are under discussion.
All Seven Second Summits climb is considered greater mountaineering challenge than the ascent of all Seven Summits, the highest mountains in each of the continents. Christian Stangl has completed the ascent of the series "Seven Second Summits", on 15 January 2013 for the first time.
Definition
The seven continents are Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America, Australia and Oceania, and South America ( compare to other counts number of continents). With regard to the respective borders of Europe and Australia to Asia, there are several possible definitions, which affect the question of which is the second highest mountain of these continents. On the Inner Eurasian border, depending on the view counts of the Caucasus either in whole Asia or north its watershed to Europe; after the second opinion of Dychtau in the Caucasus would be the second highest mountain in Europe, otherwise the location in the Alps Dufour.
Similar uncertainties exist with respect to Australia: If you reduce the continent on the Australian mainland, Mount Townsend is his second highest mountain. This view is primarily a mountaineering - traditional approach, since the first Seven Summit list by American Dick Bass was compiled according to this view. Summarizing the concept further, include significantly higher peaks in the Indonesian part of the island of New Guinea to the continent. This corresponds to the second recognized among mountaineers definition of the Seven Summits, as suggested by Reinhold Messner.
Within Indonesia again, there are several possible candidates: Often the Ngga Pulu is called as the second highest peak in Indonesia. The Seven Second Summits only independent peaks are counted, no side peaks. So one about the southern tip of Mount Everest not to, even though they with 8750 meters, is significantly higher than the K2. Because of its low dominance and Vertical separation is the Ngga Pulu the necessary autonomy often not granted and he will as a side peak of Indonesia's highest mountain, the Carstensz Pyramid, is sorted. This would make another Indonesian summit of the Second Summit of the continent.
However, the information on Indonesia are partially contradictory. Apart from the different views when a summit is independent, is one of the main causes that reliable data on the level of the individual surveys are lacking. The few measurements are partially obsolete, also some of the peaks due to the melting ice caps at its height have lost. Various sources, including the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism, called the Puncak TRIKORA as the second highest mountain in Indonesia. An SRTM measurements from 2000 suggests, however, that the Puncak Mandala is higher than Puncak TRIKORA. In addition, for example, would also Ngga Pilimsit in question.
List
The following table gives an overview of the most important data of the individual peaks of the Second Seven Summits; the sake of completeness, it contains both Puncak Puncak Mandala TRIKORA as well and Ngga Pulu. In the dominance column of the radius of the sphere is given, which dominates the mountain. The Vertical separation is called the height difference, one must descend at least to a Einschartung to reach a higher peak. In the columns, LB and LM the mountains are marked corresponding to peaks from the lists of bass and Messner.
Comments
Comparison with the Seven Summits
In his factual report in icy heights, the American author, journalist and climber Jon Krakauer out that it was more of a challenge to climb the second highest mountains of each continent, instead of representing the highest. In fact, the single Seven Second Summits are almost always classified as a major mountaineering challenge as the highest peaks of each continent. In addition, they are accessible worse rule than the popularized Seven Summits, so climbers can fall back on less infrastructure here. Only the Carstensz Pyramid is considered to be more demanding than Puncak TRIKORA or Ngga Pulu. At the same time, Australia is the only continent whose highest mountain - regardless of the definition of the Seven Second Summits - was first climbed by the second highest.
While in August 2010, no climber had completed the series of the second highest peak, dismissed the website 7summits.com at this time the names of 275 mountaineers from which had already climbed all Seven Summits. On 25 May 2012, the South Tyrolean Hans Kammerlander graduated first from one of the versions described here, the ascent series on Mount Logan. On this mountain chamber lander was twice to complete his project after an ascent in 2010 was no recognition. On 1 August of the same year the Austrian Christian Stangl completed another variant of the series. Unlike Chamber Lander, which counts the Puncak TRIKORA to the Seven Second Summits, Stangl sees the Puncak Mandala as the second highest mountain in Australia. Both climbers have chosen the Dychtau as representatives of Europe for their ascents.
The table below provides a direct comparison between the Seven Second Summits and the respective counterpart from the list of the Seven Summits. The Time column indicates the time difference first ascent, which was first climbed a peak to the highest of its respective continent; negative values mean that he was first climbed in front of the highest. Technical climbing difficulty mentioned in the scale of each source, in addition, the approximate equivalent in the scale of the UIAA is given in parentheses.