Simaroubaceae

Quassia amara, Illustration

The Bitter Ash family ( Simaroubaceae ) are a family of plants within the order of the soap tree -like ( Sapindales ). There are species of this family throughout most of the tropics. The most well-known, often planted as an ornamental plant in Central Europe type, the tree of heaven ( Ailanthus altissima), which tends to naturalizing.

Description

There are trees or shrubs. In many species, the bark is bitter ( not dried, so even in herbarium specimens ); also the wood and the seeds are bitter. The alternate and spirally arranged leaves are rarely simple ( for example, in some Quassia species), mostly pinnate. The leaf margins are smooth. Stipules absent.

They are usually dioecious ( dioecious ) or monoecious ( monoecious ) getrenntgeschlechtig; sometimes there are unisexual and hermaphrodite flowers on a copy. The flowers are single or many together in simple or compound, differently constructed inflorescences. The small to tiny, usually unisexual, rarely hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and three to fünfzählig (rarely up to achtzählig ). The sepals are usually fused at their base. Rarely missing petals. Most Discus is available. There are rare (for example, Brucea ), usually two circles with mostly five (three to eight) stamens present. In Amaroria only one carpel is present; usually two to five, rarely up to eight carpels available that are free or have grown into an ovary; they are always upper constant. It is an ovule per carpel available. One, two to five, rarely up to eight pens are completely free or partially fused.

It is designed to be very different fruit: when the fruit leaves are not attached, the fruits are berries, drupe - or wing- nutty; it can be split fruits or multiple fruits. Are the carpels grow, then ( " Samara " ) can capsule fruits, berries, stone fruits or samaras are formed.

System

The Simaroubaceae family was erected in 1811 by Augustin- de Candolle in Pyrame Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, publié par la Société Philomatique de Paris, 2, pp. 209, there written " Simarubeae ". Type genus is Simarouba Aubl. The taxa of the former families Ailanthaceae ( Arnott ) J.Agardh, Castelaceae J.Agardh, Holacanthaceae Engler, Leitneriaceae Benth. & Hook. f, Quassiaceae Bertolini, Simabaceae Horan. , Soulameaceae Endl. are classified here today.

In the family Simaroubaceae there are 21 to 22 genera with 95 to 100 species:

  • Ailanthus ( Ailanthus Desf; Syn: .. Hebonga Radlk ): The ten types are spread from Asia to northern Australia.
  • Amaroria A.Gray: it contains only one type: Amaroria soulameoides A.Gray: It occurs only in Fiji.
  • Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrév. & Pellegr. It occurs only in the Ivory Coast.
  • Iridosma letestui ( Pellegr. ) Aubrév. & Pellegr. It occurs in Gabon.
  • Laumoniera bruceadelpha Noot. It occurs in Indonesia.
  • Leitneria floridana Chapm. It occurs only in the U.S. and is wind pollinated with reduced flowers.
  • Nothospondias staudtii Engl: It occurs in tropical Africa.
  • Odyendea gabunensis Engl: It occurs in tropical Africa.
  • True or Surinamese bitter wood tree, Suriname bitter wood, bitter wood tree or flying wood tree, Quassiaholzbaum ( Quassia amara L.)

Be filed not more at the Simaroubaceae:

  • Allantospermum Forman belong to Ixonanthaceae
  • Alvaradoa Liebm. belong to Picramniaceae
  • Desbordesia Pierre ex Tiegh. belong to Irvingiaceae
  • Harri Sonia R.Br. ex A.Juss. belong to the subfamily of the Rutaceae Spathelioideae
  • Irvingia Hook. f belong to Irvingiaceae
  • Kirkia Oliv. belong to Kirkiaceae
  • Klainedoxa Pierre ex Engl belong to Irvingiaceae
  • Picramnia Sw. belong to Picramniaceae
  • Pleiokirkia Capuron belong to Kirkiaceae
  • Recchia Sessé & Moc. ex DC. belong to Surianaceae

Swell

  • The Simaroubaceae in APWebsite family. ( Section systematics)
  • The Simaroubaceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz family. ( Description section )
  • Joshua W. Clayton, Edwino S. Fernando, Pamela S. Soltis and Douglas E. Soltis: Molecular phylogeny of the tree - of-heaven family ( Simaroubaceae ) based on chloroplast and nuclear markers, In: International Journal of Plant Sciences, Volume 168, Issue 9, 2007, pp. 1325-1339. doi: 10.1086/521796
  • Hua Peng & Wm Wayt Thomas: Simaroubaceae, p 100 text Registered as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 11 - Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 18 April, 2008. ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3. ( Description section )
Augustin Pyramus de Candolle Ovary (botany) Berry Madagascar Picrasma West Africa New Zealand Digital Object Identifier Agricultural Research Service
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