Spree

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Map of the river

Template: Infobox River / Obsolete

The Spree (Sorbian Sprjewja ​​/ Sprewja, Czech Spréva ), called in sections Big Spree, is a nearly 400 km long left tributary of the Havel River in eastern Germany, which touches the extreme north of the Czech Republic at the headwaters for a short distance.

Pay

The length of the Spree is around 400 kilometers ( other sources say 382, 398 and 403 distance traveled), of which about 182 km navigable. The Spree River is the longest German third order. The catchment area of the river covers 10,100 square kilometers.

The Spree is managed as a tributary of the Havel. However, it is longer than this, and at its mouth, absorbing more than twice as much water (36 cubic meters per second, Sophie Werder level ) as their nominal main flow (15 cubic meters per second, Spandau - level lock).

Name

" The Germans glad the river Spree, the Wends Sprowa, and the Bohemians Spro. [ ... ] When Hero to believe more likely that the acquisition spree herstamme from the Germans language, and of Spreuen, or Spröen, spargere, as they say: it spreuet, or spröet, had his Ankufft because the main source is not like other starck bobert, or auffsprudelt how etwan the Bober, [ ... ] but as a quiet, gentle rain and sanffter its crystal clear waters, and unvermerckt flösset of itself. "

Later writers interpret the name as a reference to the large number of dispersed sources. Thus the Ebersbacher Oberbach on the Kottmar five sources, which are called Spree sources ( Räumigtbrunnen, Raven wells, Jacobs Well, Benjamin Hut Fountain and Hennings Fountain ). From Neugersdorf comes the so-called Spree ditch whose sources lie on the Neugersdorf Kuhzahl.

The oldest known written mention of the Spree is found as 965 Sprewa in a charter of Otto I, which is preserved in the Monumenta Historica Germaniae. After the Brandenburg book of names the name of the Germanic basic form chaff = comes stieben, sow, blow spray. The Germanic name - Sprēw was adopted as Sprěva or Sprěv'a in the Slavonic, whereupon turn back the German form Spree. In general, the name is interpreted as the spray end.

River

The Spree River flows through the states of Saxony, Brandenburg and Berlin. In its upper reaches the river Spree forms after the confluence of the Ebersbacher and Neugersdorf source between Neugersdorf Ebersbach and for a few hundred meters, the German - Czech border. After that, it comes at the city park in Ebersbach the confluence with the River Spree from the Kottmarer source.

Swell

The river rises in the Upper Lusatian Mountains near the Czech border from three sources: the Kottmar in the district forest village of the municipality Kottmar as well as in the districts of Ebersbach -Spree village and the town of Ebersbach- Neugersdorf Neugersdorf.

Source at Kottmar

The highest Spree source is located on the western slope of the Kottmars in 478 m above sea level. NN (51 ° 0 ' 34 " N, 14 ° 39 ' 1" O51.00956666666714.650277777778510 ). In a niche on the slope Kottmar from which the Eibauer Spree source, also called Buchborn emerges, a semicircular Phonolithsteinmauer was built in 1921 to the source. On it the hometowns of the fallen of World War I are listed the members of the Mountain Club Lusatia were. The facility is surrounded by beech and spruce was renewed in 1957.

Source in Ebersbach

Of the three Spreequell poor arises from a spree in the historic Born ( 50 ° 59 ' 15 " N, 14 ° 36' 23" O50.98753411444414.606312513333386 ), a few meters thereafter the confluence with the Neugersdorf source. The Spree is Born at the Ebersbach- Neugersdorf city limits. It is the oldest historically documented properly Spree source.

"The main source of the Spree River is located on the Upper Lusatian land, E. E. Raths to Zittau outworks of the very people and houses rich Dorffes Ebersbach, soon in the input into the adjoining Dorff Neugersdorff [ ... ] The Brunn is into the earth with wooden Bollen foursquare exposed, two cubits long, and 7/4 cubits wide, even up to 2 yards deep, quite full of water until the top of the rim, sees bright and clear and has a kießlichten below ground. ' "

The other two sources were known until much later than Spree sources. In 1887 this will be confirmed officially by the Field Marshal Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke based on old military maps. 1736 the old water-rich fountain was dormant, overbuilt by a house with onion roof, wooden pillars. King Frederick II donated 50 dollars for construction. 1848 this house was demolished by the city - commune Zittau due to disrepair. A simple wooden hut replaced the older building. After these works was dilapidated and the church had no money for a new building, the Spree source association constituted. 1896, financed by donations, cast-iron, eight -sided gazebo over the source has been built, ( Germany, Austria, Saxony and Prussia ) shows the coat of arms located on the Spree cities and previous countries.

Source in Neugersdorf

Another "art" source located at the entrance of the Neugersdorf bath ( 50 ° 58 ' 59 " N, 14 ° 37' 9" O50.98313797277814.619107541389406 ), the 1888 wrought iron grasped and moved slightly sideways in the construction of Neugersdorf Spreequell bath 1926. Originally it was located south of the public baths on the " Spreequell road ". The previous spring meadows on the outskirts were previously already drained and built partly with houses. 1996, the source version has been restored. The Spree ditch coming from the Neugersdorf spring flows about 50 meters on the river Spree Born, the Ebersbacher Spree source over. The Neugersdorf source is considered as the most productive of all three sources.

Spree sources on Kottmar

Spree source Neugersdorf

Historical View ( Postcard Spree Born, 1907)

Sign for Ebersbacher source

Detail of Kottmar source

Detail of Neugersdorf source

Headwaters (Saxony and the Czech Republic )

In Spremberg the young mountain stream flows through the so-called Spree Park, a scenic area. Between Neusalza and pigeons home belonging to the Czech Republic Fugauer tip of the south goes forth to the north bank of the river. On a length of 700 meters, the Spree crosses here Czech territory before it reaches pigeons home. From the mountains out the Spree flows a few kilometers above a plateau between Großpostwitz Bautzen and then in a deep valley, which she eventually leaves on the northern edge of the city and behind the Bautzen Reservoir as a lowland river.

Lusatian lowlands (Saxony and Brandenburg)

Nine miles further starts the first inland delta: The Little Spree branches off to the west, gaining up to 10 kilometers distance and flows about 30 miles downriver at Spreewitz back into the main river, which is to called to this point for better differentiation also Big Spree. From around the branch, the area is traversed by woody and remains, with the exception of the upper Spree forest and the surrounding area Beeskower, to Berlin -Köpenick. North of the River Spree Uhyst run was because of the lignite mines Bärwalde (now Bärwalder lake ) and Nochten laid. In Sprey flows from the east of the Black Schoeps, whose only has 10 km upstream of the mouth inflowing tributary White Schoeps arrived up to four kilometers of the Lusatian Neisse river on the outskirts of Görlitz. After 111 kilometers, the Spree has reached the border and near the Brandenburg town of Spremberg / NL, which, like the village Spremberg / OL takes its name from the river. After the Spree flows through the city, it is jammed in the dam Spremberg.

Cottbus and Spreewald (Brandenburg)

The next city on its banks is Cottbus, the center of Lower Lusatia. Shortly after it branches out in Baruth glacial valley to a more than 30 kilometers long and more than 10 km wide inland delta, the Upper Spreewald. There are more than forest and meadows in the small villages typical Sorbian wooden houses. In the springing Lubben with a series of spring-fed streams on the Lusatian Grenzwall Berste flows along the glacial valley in the Spree. Behind Lubben will follow as the much smaller inland delta actually forested sub- Spreewald. At the north end of the Spreewald, the Dahme- Umflutkanal branches, created to better drain the Spreewald at high water.

Spree with Lübbenau (Upper Spreewald)

Spree with Lubben

The Spree at Leibsch in Unterspreewald

Brandenburg

The Spree River then flows east to the north end of the lake difficulties hole, then northward through Beeskow to the Berlin glacial valley, in the Oder -Spree Canal was built, which branches off to the lock Kersdorf from the Spree to the east. From there to Large potions flows the River Spree northwestward as Fürstenwalder Spree and forms well a 19 km stretch of the federal waterway Spree- Oder waterway. Then she winds as Müggelspree towards Müggelsee, while the western part of the Oder-Spree Canal leading to the members of the Dahme Seddinsee.

Berlin

The Spree River flows 44 km long by Berlin. The section from Dämeritzsee by the Müggelsee to Berlin -Köpenick is also called Müggelspree. In Köpenick the Dahme river empties into the River Spree. From here on the Spree belongs to its mouth in the Havel with approx. 32 km back to the Spree- Oder waterway, as a Treptower Spree ( up to the junction of the Britz connection channel also Oberspree ) and from the Landwerkkanal Spree in Berlin. On the banks of the Spree in Friedrichshain- Kreuzberg between the Elsenbrücke and Jannowitzbruecke the investor project Mediaspree is created.

In the center of Berlin, the Spree goes west to about 1.8 km of the Spree canal ( in the northern section Kupfergraben called ) and forms the Spree Island. Shortly after the Weidendammer bridge leads from the north of the original term of the Panke in the Spree. After the branch at the Humboldt Harbor to Berlin- Spandau Ship Canal, the River Spree meanders along the Tiergarten, Charlottenburg is, in Lower Spree and finally flows into the Havel in Spandau.

Former warehouses at Kreuzberg shores of the Eastern Harbour

Oldest Spree beach opposite the Museum Island

Spree beach in the government district

Spree on Berlin's East Port, in the foreground the Bathing Ship

Overlooking the river from the Berliner Dom ( the right of the excavation for the construction of the Berlin City Palace )

Reichstag Building, and ARD studio along the river Spree

The Spree between Moabit (left) and Hansaviertel (right)

Mouth of the River Spree in the River Havel at Spandau; Spree left, to the right of the Ruhlebener oxbow

The Upper Havel is from the source to the mouth Spree with 165 km significantly shorter than the Spree.

From 1882 to 1885, the Spree in Berlin was built as a waterway. It was straightened, and in the city center, the bank was fortified by walls.

Hydrology and Hydrography

Because of their very low gradient Spree flows very slowly, an average of about 50 centimeters per second. Between Cottbus and Berlin- Köpenick, there are only 17 centimeters per second, and on the 46 miles through Berlin even only nine centimeters per second flow rate.

In the 1960s to 1970s, as significant volumes of groundwater pumped out of and into the Spree because of the lignite mine. The water from the 2,500 -square-kilometer Lusatian region (13 billion cubic meters ) flowed over the decades largely dependent on the Spree. Since the end of lignite mining, the groundwater level rises again and the Spree lack of water, until a new equilibrium is reached. Especially in the summer months can cause significant water shortage. Between the existing barrages the Spree is then a largely stagnant. At the level Leibsch (sub Spreewald) is detected in an outflow of 0 cubic meters regularly in dry summers. In summer 2003, it was observed that the river Spree in the Köpenick flowed backwards. As clarified wastewater is discharged into the river Spree in the Berlin area, it may happen that the Spree almost completely consists of treated wastewater into dry summers in the Berlin area.

Since 1997 put Berlin and Brandenburg reservoirs that should guarantee a minimum flow. Some thirty years ago the dam Spremberg and a little later the Bautzen Reservoir had already been created, further Quitzdorf the dam on the Black Schoeps.

Tourism

  • From the source to Erkner on the southeastern outskirts of Berlin the Spreeradweg follows the course of the river.
  • The Spreewald has except its waters rich landscape to offer Sorbian culture and attracts tourists from far and near.
  • The lakes in the district of Treptow- Köpenick are an important recreational area of Berlin.

Special

  • The rehabilitation as a lazy river is part of the project SPREE2011.
  • Every year on the first weekend in April, has been held since 1996 on the Spree between Neu Zittau and Erkner the Spree and bustle place, where drift on unusual possible rafts spree down the participants. The most famous participant was the former Minister of Labour, Social Affairs, Health and Women of Brandenburg, Regine Hildebrandt.
  • In winter, trying to keep the river Spree in Berlin city area by several icebreaker always navigable.
  • Fifteen Spreetunnel different purpose under cross the river in Berlin.
  • The banks on both sides of the River Spree in Friedrichshain -Kreuzberg to be built as part of the project investors Mediaspree. In contrast, the citizens' initiative Mediaspree defends sink.

Tributaries

Tributaries of the River Spree upstream ordered. Indicated are the length and the catchment area of ​​the water body in question:

Below the mouth the Dahme in the Spree:

  • Ruhlebener bayou, 1.16 km
  • Eastern Ditch
  • Grützmachergraben
  • Old Spree, 0.7 km
  • Lazy Spree
  • Westhafenkanal, 2.93 km
  • Charlottenburg connecting channel, 1.58 km
  • Landwehr Canal, 10.73 km
  • Berlin- Spandau Ship Canal with Humboldthafen, 11.78 km
  • Panke, 27 km
  • Spreekanal ( Kupfergraben ), 2 km
  • Landwehr Canal with Flutgraben
  • Rummelsburger Lake, 1.60 km
  • Britz connection channel (until 1992: Britz branch channel), 3.39 km

Between Dahme and Spree Forest:

  • Dahme (deprecated Wendish Spree), 95 km
  • Neuenhagener Mühlenfließ ( Erpe )
  • Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ, ≥ 173 km ²
  • Löcknitz, 378 km ²
  • Bach from Scharmutzelsee
  • Rüdersdorfer waters, 421 km ²
  • Dobbersbuser Mühlenfließ, 210 km ²
  • Oder- Spree Canal
  • Fürstenwalder main ditch
  • Ölse
  • Ressener Mühlenfließ ( Schwieloch )
  • Pretschener Spree
  • Dahme- Umflutkanal
  • Edge channel ( at Groß Wasserburg )
  • United Water Burger Spree

Spreewald:

  • Burg- Lübbener channel
  • Red Nile, 0.4 km
  • Berste, 321 km ²
  • Wudritz, ≥ 94 km ²
  • Dobra, 164 km ²
  • Vetschauer Mühlenfließ, ≥ 123 km ²
  • Greifenhainer flow / Ströbitzer Landgraben, 393 km ²
  • Südumfluter
  • Nordumfluter (artificial Spreearm )
  • Large flow ( shared by Nordumfluter )
  • Malxe ( opens into the Large flow )
  • Hammergraben ( opens into the Large flow )

Above the Spreewald:

  • Small Spree, 273 km ²
  • Struga
  • Black Schoeps, 788 km ²
  • Löbauer water, 414 km ²
  • Butter water
  • Pilkebach
  • Kaltenbach
  • Sohlander Dorfbach
  • Rosenbach
  • Beiersdorf water
  • Ritterbach
  • Kothe, 3.6 km, hallway Spremberg
  • Forellenflössel, 2.1 km, hallway Spremberg
  • Sonnenberg water, 1.9 km, hall Spremberg
Spandau (locality) Dahme (river) Bóbr Kottmar (municipality) Ebersbach-Neugersdorf Kleine Spree Dahme Flood Relief Canal Schwielochsee (lake) Oder–Spree Canal Bode-Museum Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg Berlin Cathedral ARD-Hauptstadtstudio Mitte (locality) Westhafen Canal Charlottenburg Canal Britz Canal Oelse (Oder-Spree) Hammergraben (Cottbus) Struga (river) Johann Heinrich Zedler Berliner Morgenpost Informationsdienst Wissenschaft Integrated Authority File
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