Supreme court
A supreme court is the last member of an instance train.
Countries of continental European legal system usually do not know a single supreme court (see location in Switzerland). There is usually after jurisdictions separate supreme courts, and a Constitutional Court. Most of the ordinary jurisdiction and responsibilities under public law or administrative jurisdiction are separate, but they can also be further fanned.
Most countries in the Anglo-Saxon legal tradition ( common law ), however (but see the situation in South Africa) have a single supreme court, the Supreme Court.
In addition to the following national supreme courts variously consist of international and supranational courts.
- 2.1 India
- 2.2 Ireland
- 2.3 Israel
- 2.4 Liberia
- 2.5 Canada
- 2.6 Kenya
- 2.7 Namibia
- 2.8 New Zealand
- 2.9 Uganda
- 2:10 UK
- 2:11 United States of America
Continental European legal system
European Union ( EU)
The European Court of Justice (ECJ ) based in Luxembourg is the highest of the European Union ( EU) judicial organ.
European Economic Area ( EEA)
The EFTA Court in Luxembourg shall exercise the judicial review in relation to the EEA Agreement.
Belgium
As the supreme courts at the federal level has Belgium
- Is a Supreme Court in civil and criminal matters,
- A State Administrative Law matters
And beyond a Constitutional Court for constitutional disputes.
Denmark
In Denmark, there is a Højesteret as the highest court.
Germany
The Supreme Courts of the Federation in Germany in accordance with Article 95 paragraph 1 of the Basic Law
- (BGH ) in Karlsruhe (5th Criminal Division in Leipzig),
- The Federal Administrative Court ( Federal Administrative Court ) in Leipzig,
- The Federal Fiscal Court (BFH ) in Munich,
- The Federal Labour Court (BAG ) in Erfurt and
- The Federal Social Court (BSG ) in Kassel.
The Federal Constitutional Court ( Bundesverfassungsgericht ) in Karlsruhe is the court of its own kind in addition to all other courts and oversees the Constitution.
Plans for the establishment of a Supreme Court, as provided for in the original version of the Basic Law, have been abandoned. In its place, the Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts of the Federation meets as required and has to decide a question of law, if a supreme federal court intends to depart in a question of law from the decision of another supreme federal court or of the Joint Senate. The Senate is managed by the Supreme Court.
The Federal Court is not a court.
Not every federal court is the Supreme Court; the federal government maintains namely, the Federal Patent Court, the troops serving dishes and formerly the Federal Disciplinary Court.
Finland
In Finland
- In civil and criminal matters the Supreme Court (Finnish Korkein oikeus, Swedish Högsta domstolen )
- For administrative disputes a Supreme Administrative Court (Finnish Korkein hallinto- oikeus, Swedish Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen ).
France
The highest courts in France
- In civil and criminal matters, the Court of Cassation ( Cour de Cassation ) and
- For administrative disputes, the State Council ( Conseil d' État ).
The Constitutional ( Constitutional Council ) is responsible for constitutional issues.
Greece
The highest courts in Greece
- The Areopagus, which exists as an institution since antiquity
- The State Council ( Συμβούλιο της Επικρατείας / symvoulio tis Epikratias ).
The Supreme Tribunal ( Ανώτατο Ειδικό Δικαστήριο / Anotato Idikó Dikastirio ) is responsible for constitutional issues.
Italy
The highest courts in Italy are
- In civil and criminal matters, the Court of Cassation ( Court of Cassation ) and
- For administrative disputes, the State Council ( Consiglio di Stato ).
The Constitutional Court ( Corte Costituzionale ) is responsible for constitutional issues.
Japan
Japan maintains a Supreme Court.
Liechtenstein
The supreme courts in Liechtenstein are
- The Supreme Court ( civil and criminal),
- The Administrative Court ( for administrative issues ),
- The State Supreme Court for constitutional issues.
Lithuania
The highest courts in Lithuania
- The Supreme Court of Lithuania and
- The Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania (Lithuanian Lietuvos Vyriausiasis Administracinis Teismas ).
About the Constitution monitors the Lithuanian Constitutional Court. All courts have their headquarters in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius.
Netherlands
The Netherlands have
- A council as the highest court for civil and criminal law,
- A State Council as the highest court of administrative law.
Norway
Norway's highest court for civil and criminal law is the Supreme Court of Norway, based in Oslo.
Austria
The Supreme Courts are (usually called supreme courts ) in Austria
- The Constitutional Court ( Constitutional Court ) and the Supreme Administrative Court ( Administrative Court ) for the field of public law (hence they are also referred to as courts of public law ); Decisions on the merits of these courts for them than knowledge, they are the grammatical gender forth Neutra ("the knowledge" ), and
- The Supreme Court (OGH ) in the field of civil and criminal law, which shall decide by a judgment or order as a rule.
Sweden
The highest courts in Sweden are: for civil and criminal matters, the Högsta domstol ( Supreme Court ), for administrative disputes the Regeringsrätt.
Switzerland
The Supreme Court of Switzerland is the Federal Court in Lausanne. Switzerland has not set up an independent Constitutional Court.
See also: Political system of Switzerland.
Czechia
The highest courts in the Czech Republic are
- The Supreme Court of the Czech Republic ( Nejvyšší soud ČR ) and
- The Supreme Administrative Court ( Nejvyšší správní soud )
Both based in Brno.
The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic ( Ústavní soud ) in Brno is the court of its own kind in addition to the system of general courts.
See also: Political System of the Czech Republic.
Turkey
The highest courts in Turkey are in accordance with Article 146, 154 et seq of the Turkish Constitution
- The Constitutional Court for constitutional disputes,
- The Court of Cassation in civil and criminal matters,
- The State Council administrative law matters,
- The Militärkassationshof as the final arbiter of decisions of military courts,
- The High Military Administrative Court of military administrative law matters and
- The Court of Jurisdictional Disputes for jurisdictional disputes between courts.
Anglo-Saxon legal system
India
India has a Supreme Court.
Ireland
In the Republic of Ireland there is a Supreme Court
Israel
The State of Israel has set up a Supreme Court.
Liberia
In Liberia, there is a Supreme Court of Liberia.
Canada
In Canada there is a Supreme Court.
Kenya
Since 2011, consists of the Supreme Court of Kenya.
Namibia
In Namibia, the Supreme Court of Namibia is as Supreme Court and Constitutional Court.
New Zealand
In New Zealand, the Supreme Court of the Supreme Court Act 2003 was installed on 1 January 2004. The court accepted on 1 July 2004 on his work.
Uganda
In Uganda, there is a Supreme Court of Uganda.
United Kingdom
The House of Lords was to 1 October 2009 the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and had its headquarters in London. The House of Lords the judicial functions were withdrawn and a separate Supreme Court of the United Kingdom based in London was built.
United States of America
The Supreme Court of the United States is the supreme court of the United States and has its headquarters in Washington DC. In addition, there are in all 50 States Supreme Court in the jurisdiction of the respective state.