Târgu Mureș

Târgu Mureş [ tɨrɡu mureʃ ] (older spelling Tirgu Mures, Tirgu Mures German, Hungarian Marosvásárhely [ mɒroʃva ː ː ʃa rhɛj ] ) is a city in Transylvania, Romania. It is the capital of the circle Mureş and in 2009 had about 145,000 inhabitants.

• 6.1 Air Traffic
• 6.2 Public Transport
• 6.3 Highways

• 7.1 Sons and daughters of the town
• 7.2 personalities who were active in the city

Geography

Neumarkt is located on the river Mureş ( Maros German, Hungarian Maros ). The area is dominated by mountains and forests. In addition to several lakes, streams and rivers such as the Mureş there are also underground waters.

The continental - temperate climate produces large seasonal temperature fluctuations, with hot, dry summers and cold winters.

History

The oldest archaeological evidence of the settlement of the present city territory date back to the Neolithic, Bronze Age and the Iron Age. Apart from the Scythian also Dacian and Roman remains are present.

Târgu Mureş was founded by the Székelys. It is documented in 1300 as a forum Siculorum, 1332 mentioned as a novelty Forum Siculorum. The history of the city was determined as the whole of Transylvania from the Kingdom of Hungary, Principality of Transylvania or since the end of the 17th century by Austria - Hungary. 1482 was the place the right to hold markets. 1492 is mentioned the first school. Since the 15th century found here, often the Transylvanian Diet instead. On one of these days the country was in 1571 declared religious freedom for the Principality of Transylvania. By 1600, the city has had to suffer invasions of Turkish and Austrian troops. From 1605 to 1652 the castle was built.

In the 19th century began the industrialization of the city; 1871 received Targu Mures by the commissioning of the railway line from Alba Iulia connection to the railway network.

1918 ( contract 1920), the city became a part of Romania. As a result of the Second Vienna Award was Târgu Mureş 1940-1944 meantime again a part of Hungary. After the communist takeover in the result of the Second World War, the industrial development was accelerated; There were large-scale enterprises in the chemical, engineering, food and wood processing.

Population

In 1850 lived in the city only 7,855 people, approximately 80% of Hungary. 1910 lived in the time belonged still to Hungary City besides the 22 790 (89.3% ), Hungary 1717 Romanians ( = 6.7%) and 606 German ( = 2.4%), a total of 25,517 inhabitants. However, most Jews were then calculated as Hungary for political reasons; at the first census under Romanian rule (1920 ) to 3246 citizens designated (ie more than 10%) than Jews. 1941 - under the meantime Hungarian rule - lived in the city 44 933 people, of whom described themselves only in 1756 as Romanians (compared to 9795 in 1930 ), which was based on the escape of some Romanians, but especially on a tactically justified changing the specified Nationality. Only 514 Jews were registered. 1948 lived in Târgu Mureş again 762 Jews, both survivors of the municipality as well as newcomers from other parts of Romania.

In the period after the Second World War, underwent a serious shift in the ethnic composition of the City: 2002, out of 128 612 inhabitants, 63 673 Romanians ( = 49.5 %) and 61,707 Hungarians ( Székely ) (= 48.0 %). This Târgu Mureş is the place with the largest Hungarian minority in Transylvania and Romania.

The town includes administratively the two cadastral Mureseni and Remetea, which together had about 21,000 inhabitants in 2002.

Business and education

In the industry, especially the chemical industry in this region is traditionally well represented. 7.6 % of people are unemployed.

In Târgu Mureş there are the following universities:

• Medical and Pharmaceutical University Târgu Mureş
• Petru Maior University
• University of the Arts Târgu Mureş
• Ecological University Dimitrie Cantemir
• Sapientia, Technical and Humanities University

Culture and sights

• The in Hungarian Art Nouveau 1911 - 1913 built Palace of Culture - today the seat of the Philharmonic - has beautiful majolica tiles. The facade and the interior are decorated with colorful mosaics. The palace is a magnificent hall of mirrors. Furthermore, it houses an interesting history and art museum.
• The town hall is built in Hungarian Art Nouveau.
• The Teleki -Bolyai Library in a baroque building from the 18th century is one of the most important libraries in Transylvania. Many valuable old books can be seen here. In the library there is also a museum dedicated to Farkas and János Bolyai.
• The origins of the Reformed Church dates back to the 14th century. Imposing shows the Built after connecting to Romania Orthodox Cathedral. Not far from this is the remarkable Roman Catholic church.

Music Festival

• Peninsula / Felsziget Festival ( Rock, Metal, Pop, Electro )

Traffic

Traffic

The city has an international airport with direct flights to many European destinations ( Barcelona, Memmingen, Beauvais, Bergamo, Budapest, Bucharest, Dortmund, Frankfurt -Hahn, London, Madrid, Rome) and the Middle East ( Tel Aviv, Hurghada). Since 2011 Targu Mures is an operational base of the low cost airline Wizz Air

Public transportation

The municipal company Siletina operates bus routes in the city and in the suburbs.

Highways

Târgu Mureş is connected via the European routes E60 ( national road 15, 13) and E578 ( National Highway 15) to the international road network. These run coming from the direction of Cluj on a route through the city and separate south of Neumarkt towards Sighisoara continue to Kronstadt ( E60/N13 ) and Wallachia ( E81/N7 ). Another important road link is the National Road 15 after Reghin and on to Moldova or Gheorgheni. During the construction of the A3 ( Autostrada Transilvania ) motorway, the city will also be connected to the motorway network.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the town

• Alexandru Schwartz (1909-1994), football player
• Tibor diamond stone (1925-1995), an immunologist
• Uri Mayer ( b. 1946 ), conductor and violist
• László Bölöni ( born 1953 ), footballer
• Olga Nemes ( b. 1968 ), table tennis player
• Kinga Dobay ( b. 1975 ), opera singer
• György Dragomán (* 1973), writer and translator
• Cristian Codrin Gherhard (* 1989), handball player and model
• Mónika Sinka (* 1989), football player
• Zsuzsanna Sinka (* 1989), football player
• Sabin Tambrea (* 1984), actor and musician

Personalities who were active in the city

• George of Aranka (1737-1817), writer and lawyer, Assessor
• Farkas Wolfgang Bolyai (1775-1856), mathematician
• János Bolyai (1802-1860), mathematician
• András Sütő (1927-2006), writer
• Alexandru Todea (1912-2002), Bishop

Twinning

Since 1997, Targu Mures is twinned with the German town of Ilmenau in Thuringia.

Since 2000 is Targu Mures partner community of Güzelçamlı in Kusadasi in Turkey. There is also a small oceanfront park, which is named after Târgu Mureş.