Vincenzo Scamozzi
Vincenzo Scamozzi (* 1548 in Vicenza, † 1616 in Venice ) was an Italian architect and architectural theorist of the late Renaissance and Mannerism.
Life and work
Scamozzi was the son of a carpenter and builder Giandomenico Scamozzi (1526-1582), from whom he received his first education. Together with his father he initially led in the area of Vicenza by various construction and residential projects. From 1572 he lived in Venice, where he deals with the study of the writings of Vitruvius in the annotated edition of the Patriarch of Aquileia, Daniele Barbaro, was concerned.
From 1578 to 1580 he traveled to Naples and Rome. Its architecture studies in Rome formed the basis for his book on the antiquities in Rome from 1582. 1580, shortly before the death of Palladio, he settled in Venice, he did not succeed there, however, in the Republic of a similar high degree of prestige to reach as Palladio. Scamozzi, whose architectural work without the example of Palladio's not possible, put some not yet completed buildings Palladio completed eg the Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza. In 1599 he traveled to Prague to Germany and to Paris in 1600 and returned back to Venice. 1593 began the Serenissima with the construction of the fortress town of Palmanova near Udine, probably built for the 1603-1605 Scamozzi the three main gates along the lines of, built by Michele Sammicheli goals in Verona.
In 1604 he traveled to Salzburg. After the fire of the Romanesque cathedral in 1598 Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau had the ruins can break down together with 55 houses to make way for a new cathedral building. Scamozzi designed a plan for the new building, which was, however, realized by the dedicated as architect Santino Solari only in highly scaled and modified form.
When his architectural masterpiece is considered the Villa Pisani, called La Rocca, in Lonigo at Vicenza, which he built at the age of 26 years. He oriented himself while in his plans at the still under construction Villa Rotonda by Palladio, but modified its design. While the Rotonda is designed as a central building with uniform orientation on four sides, Scamozzi emphasizes only the southern front of the villa by a row of columns with pediment and staircase, while the centers of the remaining sides are marked by one Serliana. Center of the complex is a round domed room with steep diagonal niches. The arranged around the hall adjoining rooms are subordinate to the domed hall and not, as in the Rotonda, part -out of a total harmony concept.
For Scamozzi was the art of architecture, which he had devoted his life, an exact science, whose rules you should study with dedication and passion.
He embodied both the type of a professionally well-trained modern architect as well as the a variety of interests scholars of the Italian Renaissance. He possessed a remarkable personal library from various fields of science, from mathematics to physics and wrote a to be designated for future architects as a standard work book to architecture. Some of his works have been innovative for the architecture: he designed and built 1591-1593 with the statuario della Repubblica di Venezia, the first museum in Europe. His theater in Sabbioneta in Mantua is the first fully planned theater, which was built according to the needs of the current drama of his time.
The Scamozzi Foundation
Scamozzi was unmarried and left no children. He left his fortune to a foundation with the help of talented students studying architecture should be possible. The only condition of the grant was that the students had to take the name of the founder. Two centuries later, for example Ottavio Bertotti Scamozzi - (1719-1790), the leading architect of the Neo - Palladian style in Italy, to carry his studies with the help of this foundation.
The relationship to Palladio
" As a young man at the time of origin of the Villa Rotonda, he went at Palladio in teaching. Sure, though, Scamozzi, a child prodigy, not long student of Palladio, but made his own soon ... According to Inigo Jones, the 65 -year-old Scamozzi met in Venice, the architect of his former master was embittered against .... Scamozzi was an educated man and remained socially and mentally for superior to Palladio, at whose call his own, despite its considerable achievements but never handed approach. "
Writings
- Discorsi sopra le antichità di Roma., 1582. Milan 1991.
- L'idea della architettura universale. 6 books published in Venice 1615th Bologna 1982.
The work is the latest in a series of theoretical writings of the Renaissance on the architecture. Scamozzi mentioned as the first addition to the buildings of antiquity and the Renaissance also those of the Middle Ages. His Architekturtrakat was for a long time, especially in Central Europe as a fundamental reference work for architects.
Buildings
- Villa di Girolamo Ferramosca, di Barbano Grisignano di Zocco (Vicenza ) ( with Giandomenico Scamozzi ), 1568-1575
- Palazzo Godi, Vicenza, (design, performed posthumously ), 1569
- Palazzo Thiene Bonin, Vicenza, 1572-1593
- Villa di Leonardo Verlato, Villaverla (Vicenza ), 1574-1615
- Palazzo Caldogno, Vicenza, 1575
- Villa Pisani called La Rocca in Lonigo (Vicenza ), 1575-1578
- Palazzo Trissino - Trento ( for Pierfrancesco Trissino ), Vicenza ( with Giandomenico Scamozzi ), 1576-1579
- Villa Francesco Priuli, Castelfranco Veneto (Treviso ), ( North Wing ), 1580
- Villa Nani Mocenigo in Canda (Rovigo ) 1580-1584
- Villa Capra called La Rotonda, Vicenza ( completion of the construction of Palladio by Scamozzi ), 1580-1592
- San Gaetano Thiene, Padua, 1581-1586
- New Magistrates, Piazza San Marco, Venice ( continued by Francesco Smeraldi and completed in 1663 by Baldassare Longhena ), 1581-1599
- Biblioteca Marciana ( completion according to designs by Jacopo Sansovino ); 1582-1591; Reception Hall 1587-1596
- Teatro Olimpico, Vicenza, ( completion of the theater of Andrea Palladio by Scamozzi; auditorium and stage ) 1584-1585
- Teatro Olimpico ( for the Duke Vespasian Gonzaga modeled after the Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza), Sabbioneta at ( Mantua ), 1588
- Duodo Palazzo, Venice, 1592
- Villa of Girolamo Contarini, Loreggia (Padua), 1590
- Church of San Nicolò da Tolentino, Venice, 1590-1595
- Statuario della Repubblica di Venezia, museum, 1591-1593
- Monastery of San Gaetano Thiene, Padua, 1591-1594
- Villa Duodo e Cappella di San Giorgio, Monselice (Padua), 1591-1597
- Villa Valerio Bardellini, Monfumo (Treviso) (destroyed), 1594-1600
- Villa of Girolamo Ferretti at the Brenta, 1596
- Villa of Girolamo Cornaro, Piombino Dese (Padua) 1596-1597
- Villa of Nicolò Molin, Mandria, Padua, 1597
- Fürsterzbischöfliche Salzburg Residenz, Salzburg, 1603/1604
- Sacristy door in the church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, Alessandro Vittoria, 1605
- Church of San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice (facade ), 1607-1611
- Villa Cornaro al Paradiso, Venice, 1607-1616, ( pavilion)
- Villa Domenico Trevisan, San Dona di Piave (Padua), 1609
- Palazzo Contarini ( degli Scrigni ) a San Trovaso on the Grand Canal, Venice, 1609-1616
- ( Destroyed in 1659 and rebuilt in 1660 East Wing ), 1614 Palazzo Loredan Vendramin, Venice