Zheleznovodsk

Zheleznovodsk (Russian Железноводск ) is a city in Stavropol (Russia) region with 24 433 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ).

Geography

The city is located in the northern foothills of the Greater Caucasus, south of the village with the Beschtau reach the 1400-meter altitude, about 190 km south-east of the regional capital Stavropol.

Zheleznovodsk the region is under the administrative right.

Zheleznovodsk is the terminus of a short branch line that branches off at the station Beschtau of the railway Mineralnye Vody - Kislovodsk - Pyatigorsk.

History

1810 the spa waters were on the territory of today's Zheleznovodsk from German - Russian doctor Friedrich Joseph Haass first (Russian Фёдор Петрович Гааз / Fyodor Petrovich Gaas; since 1806 in the Russian service; 1780-1853 ) discovered and described. 1823 more springs were discovered.

1842 the spa was officially founded and initially called Schelesnowodskaja sloboda (of Russian scheleso for iron and woda for water, and the mountain north of the city is called Schelesnaja, Eisenberg ).

From the end of the 19th century the place had the status of a Cossack village; 1917, the city charter was granted.

During World War II Zheleznovodsk was occupied on August 10, 1942 by the German Wehrmacht and recaptured on 12 January 1943 by troops of the Trans- Caucasus Front Red Army. During the fighting, the city was seriously damaged and was rebuilt after the war.

At a meeting on 16 July 1990 between the then Chancellor Helmut Kohl and former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the last obstacles such as NATO membership total in Germany, eliminated on the path to German unity and the breakthrough in the negotiations with the Soviet Union were achieved.

Demographics

Note: Census data (1897-1939 rounded)

Culture and sights

In Zheleznovodsk a number of spa buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries is obtained, the Old Barjatinbad ( Старобарятинские ванны ) of 1856, the Slawjanowbad ( Славяновские ванны ) of 1875, the Ostrowskibad ( Островские ванны ) of 1893 and the summer house of the Emir of Bukhara in 1907.

The spa park in the eastern part of the city was also built in the 19th century and in the 1930s by fountains and pools in the style of " Stalinist neoclassicism " extended. There is also the iron Pushkin Gallery, which was bought in 1896 by the All-Russia Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod and re-erected here until 1902 and is now used inter alia for concerts.

The city has a museum of local history. The former coaching inn has also been converted into a museum.

Economy

Zheleznovodsk heard as one of the Caucasian Mineral Waters spa resorts ( = Kawminwody, the others are Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk and Jessentuki ) was important balneologic resort Russia. As such Zheleznovodsk has the status of a Federal health resort. Here disorders of the digestive tract, urinary tract and the metabolism will be treated on a basis of 24 cold and up to 55 ° C warm mineral springs.

In six different factories mineral waters are also bottled ( Slawjanowskaja, Smirnowskaja, Nagutskaja etc.).