List of state leaders in 1991

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3.1 East, South and Southeast Asia
3.2 Middle East
3.3 Central Asia

Africa

Egypt Head of state: President Hosni Mubarak (1981-2011) (1981-1982 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Atif Muhammad Naguib Sidqi (1986-1996)

Algeria Head of state: President Chadli Bendjedid (1979-1992)
Head of government: Prime Minister Mouloud Hamrouche ( 1989-5 June 1991. )
Prime Minister Sid Ahmed Ghozali (June 5, 1991-1992)

Angola Head of state: President Jose Eduardo dos Santos ( since 1979)
Head of government: Prime Minister Fernando José de França Dias Van Dunem (19 July 1991-1992, 1996-1999)

Equatorial Guinea Head of state: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) ( to 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council )
Head of government: Prime Minister Cristino Seriche Malabo Bioko (1982-1992)

Ethiopia Head of state: President Mengistu Haile Mariam (1974, 1977-21 May 1991. ) (Until 1987 Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Board)
Tesfaye Gebre Kidan President (21 May 1991-28 May 1991. ) ' (Acting)
Meles Zenawi (May 28, 1991-1995) ( 1995-2012 Prime Minister )

Prime Minister Hailu Yimenu ( 1989-26. April 1991) (acting)
Prime Minister Tesfaye Dinka (26 April 1991-6 June 1991. ) (Acting)
Prime Minister Tamirat Layne (6 June 1991-1995)

Benin Head of state: President Mathieu Kérékou ( 1972-4. April 1991, 1996-2006)
President Nicephore Soglo (4 April 1991-1996 ) (1990-1991 Prime Minister )

Botswana Heads of State and Head of Government: President Masire Quett (1980-1998)

Burkina Faso Heads of State and Head of Government: President Blaise Compaoré (since 1987)

Burundi Head of state: President Pierre Buyoya (1987-1993, 1996-2003)
Head of government: Prime Minister Adrien Sibomana (1988-1993)

Djibouti Head of state: President Hassan Gouled Aptidon (1977-1999) (1977 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Barkat Gourad Hamadou (1978-2001)

Ivory Coast Head of state: President Félix Houphouët- Boigny (1960-1993)
Head of government: Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara (1990-1993) ( President since 2010 )

Gabon Head of state: President Omar Bongo (1967-2009)
Head of government: Prime Minister Casimir Oye- Mba (1990-1994)

Gambia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Dawda Jawara (1970-1994) (1965-1970 Prime Minister )

Ghana Heads of State and Head of Government: Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council Jerry Rawlings (1979, 1981-2001 ) ( 1993 President )

Guinea Heads of State and Head of Government: President Lansana Conté (1984-2008)

Guinea- Bissau Head of state: President Joao Bernardo Vieira (1980-1984, 1984-1999, 2005-2009) (1978-1980 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Carlos Correia (December 27, 1991-1994, 1997-1998, 2008-2009 )

Cameroons Head of state: President Paul Biya ( since 1982)
Head of government: Prime Minister Sadou Hayatou (26 April 1991-1992) ( created Office new)

Cape Verde Head of state: President Aristides Pereira ( 1975-22 March 1991. )
President António Monteiro (22 March 1991-2001 )

Prime Minister Pedro Pires ( 1975-4. April 1991) ( 2001-2011 President )
Prime Minister Carlos Veiga (April 4, 1991 to 2000 )

Kenya Heads of State and Head of Government: President Daniel arap Moi (1978-2002)

Comoros Heads of State and Head of Government: President Said Mohamed Djohar (1989-1995, 1996)

People's Republic of Congo (1960-1970 Congo - Brazzaville, Republic of Congo from 1992 ) Head of state: President Denis Sassou Nguesso (1979-1992, since 1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Pierre Moussa ( 1990-8 January 1991. )
Prime Minister Louis Sylvain Goma (1975-1984, January 8, 1991-8 June 1991. )
Prime Minister André Milongo (8 June 1991-1992)

Lesotho Head of state: King Letsie III. (1990-1995, since 1996)
Head of government: Chairman of the Military Council Justin Metsing Lekhanya ( 1986-2 January 1991. )
Chairman of the Military Council Elias Phisoana Ramaema (2 January 1991-1993)

Liberia Heads of State and Head of Government: President of the Transitional Government of National Unity Amos Sawyer (1990-1994)

Libya Leader: Muammar al - Gaddafi (1969-2011) (1969-1979 Secretary General of the General People's Congress )
Head of State: Secretary of the General People's Congress Abd ar- Razzaq as- Sausa (1990-1992)
Head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee Abu Zayd Umar Durda (1990-1994)

Madagascar Head of state: President Didier Ratsiraka (1975-1993, 1997-2002)
Head of government: Prime Minister Victor Ramahatra ( 1988-8. August 1991 )
Prime Minister Guy Razanamasy (8 August 1991-1993)

Malawi Heads of State and Head of Government: President Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1966-1994) (1964-1966 Prime Minister )

Mali Head of state: President Moussa Traoré ( 1968-26 March 1991. )
Chairman of the Transitional Committee Amadou Toumani Touré (26 March 1991-1992, 2002-2012 )

Morocco Head of state: King Hassan II (1961-1999)
Head of government: Prime Minister Azzedine Laraki (1986-1992)

Mauritania Head of state: President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1984-2005) (1981-1984, 1984-1992 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1981-1984, 1984-1992) (1984-2005 President )

Mauritius Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (1968-1992) Governor General: Veerasamy Ringadoo (1986-1992) (1992 President )

Mozambique Head of state: President Joaquim Alberto Chissano (1986-2005)
Head of government: Prime Minister Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo (1976-1994)

Namibia Head of state: President Sam Nujoma (1990-2005)
Head of government: Prime Minister Hage Geingob (1990-2002)

Niger Head of state: President of the Supreme Military Council Saibou Ali (1987-1993) ( 1989 President )
Head of government: Prime Minister Aliou Mahamidou ( 1990-27 October 1991. )
Prime Minister Amadou Cheiffou (27 October 1991-1993)

Nigeria Heads of State and Head of Government: President of the Governing Council of the Armed Forces Ibrahim Babangida (1985-1993)

Rwanda Head of state: President Juvenal Habyarimana (1973-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Sylvestre Nsanzimana (12 October 1991-1992) (Official 1991 newly created )

Zambia Head of state: President Kenneth Kaunda ( 1964-2 November 1991. )
President Frederick Chiluba (2 November 1991-2002 )

Sao Tome and Principe Head of state: President Manuel Pinto da Costa ( 1975-4 March 1991., Since 2011 )
Parliament President Leonel Mário d' Alva (4 March 1991-3. April 1991) (acting)
President Miguel Trovoada (April 3, 1991-1995, 1995-2001) ( 1975-1979 Prime Minister )

Prime Minister Celestino Rocha da Costa ( 1988-7 February 1991. )
Prime Minister Daniel Lima dos Santos Daio (February 7, 1991-1992)

Senegal Head of state: President Abdou Diouf (1981-2000) (1970-1980 Prime Minister )
(Created Office) Prime Minister Habib Thiam (1981-1983, April 8, 1991 to 1998 ): Prime Minister

Seychelles Heads of state and head of government: President France- Albert René (1977-2004) (1976-1977 Prime Minister )

Sierra Leone Heads of state and head of government: President Joseph Saidu Momoh (1985-1992)

Zimbabwe Heads of State and Head of Government: President Robert Mugabe (since 1987) ( 1980-1987 Prime Minister )

Somalia Head of state: President Siad Barre ( 1969-27 January 1991. )
President Ali Mahdi Mohammed (January 29, 1991-1997)

Prime Minister Mohammed Hawadle Madar ( 1990-24 January 1991. )
Prime Minister Umar ARTEH Ghalib (24 January 1991-1993)
Somaliland ( since May 18 independent in 1991 ) ( not recognized internationally ) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Abd -ar- Rahman Ahmad Ali Tur (May 28, 1991-1993)

South Africa Heads of State and Head of Government: President Frederik Willem de Klerk (1989-1994)

Sudan Heads of State and Head of Government: President of the Revolutionary Command Council for the salvation of the nation Omar al-Bashir (since 1989) ( Chairman since 1993 )

Swaziland Head of state: King Mswati III. (since 1986)
Head of government: Prime Minister Obed Dlamini (1989-1993)

Tanzania Head of state: President Ali Hassan Mwinyi (1985-1995)
Head of government: Prime Minister John Malecela (1990-1994)

Togo Head of state: President Gnassingbe Eyadema (1967-2005)
Head of government: Prime Minister Joseph Kokou Koffigoh (27 August 1991-1994) ( created Office new)

Chad Head of state: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)
Head of Government Prime Minister Jean Alingué Bawoyeu (4 March 1991-1992) (Official re-created ) (1990 President )

Tunisia Head of state: President Zine el- Abidine Ben Ali (1987-2011) (1987 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Hamed Karoui (1989-1999)

Uganda Head of state: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)
Head of government: Prime Minister Samson Kisekka ( 1986-22 January 1991. )
Prime Minister George Cosmas Adyebo (January 22, 1991-1994)

Western Sahara (disputed ) Head of state: President Mohamed Abdelaziz ( since 1976) (in exile )
Head of government: Prime Minister Mahfoud Ali Beiba (1982-1985, 1988-1993, 1995-1999) (in exile )

Zaire ( Congo - Leopoldville to 1964, 1964 to 1971, Democratic Republic of the Congo since 1997 ) Head of state: President Mobutu Sese Seko (1965-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Lunda Bululu ( 1990-1. April 1991)
Prime Minister Mulumba Lukoji (1 April 1991-29. September 1991 )
Prime minister Etienne Tshisekedi (29 September 1991-1 November 1991., 1992-1993, 1997)
Prime Minister Bernardin Mungul Diaka (1 November 1991-25 November 1991. )
Prime Minister Nguza Karl- I- Bond (1980-1981, November 25, 1991-1992)

Central African Republic Head of state: President André Kolingba (1981-1993) (until 1985 Chairman of the Military Committee of National Reconstruction )
Head of government: Prime Minister Edouard Franck (15 March 1991-1992) ( created Office new)

America

North America

Canada Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1952) Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn (1990-1995)

Mexico Heads of State and Head of Government: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988-1994)

United States of America Heads of State and Head of Government: President George HW Bush (1989-1993)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981) Governor-General Wilfred E. Jacobs (1981-1993)

Bahamas Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1973) Governor General: Henry Milton Taylor (1988-1992)

Barbados Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1966) Governor General: Nita Barrow (1990-1995)

Belize Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981) Governor General: Minita Gordon (1981-1993)

Costa Rica Heads of State and Head of Government: President Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier (1990-1994)

Dominica Head of state: President Clarence A. Seignoret (1983-1993)
Head of government: Prime Minister Eugenia Charles (1980-1995)

Dominican Republic Heads of State and Head of Government: President Joaquín Balaguer (1960-1962, 1966-1978, 1986-1996)

El Salvador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Alfredo Cristiani Burkard (1989-1994)

Grenada Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1974) Governor-General Paul Scoon (1978-1992)

Guatemala Heads of State and Head of Government: President Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo ( 1986-14 January 1991. )
President Jorge Serrano Elias (January 14, 1991-1993)

Haiti Head of state: President Pascal - Trouillot Ertha ( 1990-7 January 1991., 1991) (acting)
President Roger Lafontant (7 January 1991-7 January 1991. ) (Acting)
President Pascal - Trouillot Ertha (1990-1991, January 7, 1991-7. February 1991) (acting)
President Jean -Bertrand Aristide (7 February 1991-30. September 1991, 1993-1994, 1994-1996, 2001-2004)
Chairman of the Military Junta Raoul Cedras ( 1 October 1991-8. Oct. 1991 )
President Joseph Nérette (8 October 1991-1992) (acting)

Prime Minister René Préval (11 February 1991-11 October 1991. ) (1996-2001, 2006-2011 President )
Prime Minister Jean -Jacques Honorat (October 11, 1991-1992)

Honduras Heads of State and Head of Government: President Rafael Leonardo Callejas (1990-1994)

Jamaica Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1962) Governor General: Florizel glass poles ( 1973-31 March 1991. )
Chairman of the Supreme Court Edward Zacca (31 March 1991-1. August 1991 ) (acting)
Howard Cooke (August 1, 1991-2006 )

Cuba Head of state and head of government: President of the State Council and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976-2008) (1959-1976 Prime Minister )

Nicaragua Heads of State and Head of Government: President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (1990-1997) (1979-1980 member of the Government Junta of National Reconstruction )

Panama Heads of State and Head of Government: President Guillermo Endara Galimany (1989-1994)

St. Kitts and Nevis Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1983) Governor General Clement Arrindell Athelston (1983-1995)

St. Lucia Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1979) Governor General: Stanislaus A. James (1988-1996)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1979) Governor General David Jack (1989-1996)

Trinidad and Tobago Head of State: President Noor Hassanali (1987-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Arthur NR Robinson ( 1986-17 December 1991. )
Prime Minister Patrick Manning (December 17, 1991-1995, 2001-2010)

South America

Argentina Heads of State and Head of Government: President Carlos Menem (1989-1999)

Bolivia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Jaime Paz Zamora (1989-1993)

Brazil Heads of state and head of government: President Fernando Collor de Mello (1990-1992)

Chile Heads of State and Head of Government: President Patricio Aylwin (1990-1994)

Ecuador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Rodrigo Borja (1988-1992)

Guyana Head of state: President Hugh Desmond Hoyte (1985-1992) (1984-1985 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Hamilton Green (1985-1992)

Colombia Heads of State and Head of Government: President César Gaviria (1990-1994)

Paraguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President Andrés Rodríguez (1989-1993)

Peru Head of state: President Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000)
Head of government: Prime Minister Juan Carlos Hurtado Miller ( 1990-15 February 1991. )
Prime Minister Carlos Torres y Torres Lara (15 February 1991-6 November 1991. )
Prime Minister Alfonso de los Heros (6 November 1991-1992)

Suriname Head of State: President Johan Kraag ( 1990-15. September 1991 )
President Ronald Venetiaan (September 15, 1991-1996, 2000-2010 )

Vice President Jules Albert Wijdenbosch (1987-1988, January 7, 1991-16. September 1991 ) (1996-2000 President )
Vice President Jules Ratankumar Ajodhia (September 16, 1991-1996, 2000-2005)

Uruguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President Luis Alberto Lacalle (1990-1995)

Venezuela Heads of State and Head of Government: President Carlos Andrés Pérez (1974-1979, 1989-1993)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh Head of state: President Shahabuddin Ahmed ( 1990-10 October 1991., 1996-2001) (acting)
President Abdur Rahman Biswas (10 October 1991-1996 )

Vacant ( 1990-20 March 1991. )
Prime Minister Khaleda Zia ( March 20 1991-1996, 2001-2006)

Bhutan Heads of State and Head of Government: King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972-2006)

Brunei Heads of State and Head of Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China ( Taiwan) Head of state: President Lee Teng- hui (1988-2000)
Head of government: Prime Minister Hau Pei- tsun (1990-1993)

People's Republic of China Party Leader: General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Jiang Zemin (1989-2002) (1993-2003 President )
Head of state: President Yang Shangkun (1988-1993)
Head of government: Prime Minister Li Peng (1987-1998)

India Head of state: President R. Venkataraman (1987-1992)
Head of government: Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar ( 1990-21. July 1991)
PV Narasimha Rao Prime Minister (July 21, 1991-1996 )

Indonesia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Suharto (1967-1998)

Japan Head of State: Emperor Akihito (since 1989)
Head of government: Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifu ( 1989-6 November 1991. )
Prime Minister Miyazawa Kiichi (6 November 1991-1993)

Cambodia Head of state: Chairman of the State Council Heng Samrin (1979-1992) (until 1981 President of the Revolutionary People's Council )
Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Il-sung (1948-1994)
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly: Kim Il-sung (1972-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Yon Hyong - muk (1988-1992)

South Korea Head of state: President Roh Tae -woo (1988-1993)
Head of government: Minister President Roh Jae -bong ( 1990-24 May 1991. )
Prime Minister Chung Won- shik (May 24, 1991-1992)

Laos Head of state: President Souphanouvong ( 1975-15. August 1991 )
President Phoumi Vongvichit ( 1986-15. August 1991 ) (acting)
President Kaysone Phomvihane (August 15, 1991-1992) ( 1975-1991 Prime Minister )

Prime Minister Kaysone Phomvihane ( 1975-15. August 1991 ) (1991-1992 President )
Prime Minister Khamtay Siphandone (August 15, 1991-1998 )

Malaysia Head of State: Supreme Ruler Azlan Shah (1989-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad (1981-2003)

Maldives Heads of State and Head of Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978-2008)

Myanmar Head of state: Chairman of the State Peace and Development Saw Maung (1988-1992) (1988-1992 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Saw Maung (1988-1992) (1988-1992 Chairman of the State Peace and Development)

Nepal Head of state: King Birendra (1972-2001)
Head of government: Krishna Prasad Bhattarai Prime Minister ( 1990-26 May 1991., 1999-2000)
Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala (May 26, 1991-1994, 1998-1999, 2000-2001, 2006-2008 )

Pakistan Head of state: President Ghulam Ishaq Khan (1988-1993)
Head of government: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif (1990-1993, 1993, 1997-1999, since 2013)

Philippines Heads of State and Head of Government: President Corazon Aquino (1986-1992)

Singapore Head of state: President Wee Kim Wee (1985-1993)
Head of government: Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong (1990-2004)

Sri Lanka Head of state: President Ranasinghe Premadasa (1989-1993)
Head of government: Prime Minister Dingiri Banda Wijetunga (1989-1993) (1993-1994 President )

Thailand Head of state: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (since 1946)
Head of government: Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan ( 1988-23 February 1991. )
Prime Minister Sunthorn Kongsompong (23 February 1991-7 March 1991. ) (Acting)
Prime Minister Anand Panyarachun (March 7, 1991-1992, 1992)

Vietnam Head of state: Chairman of the State Council Võ Chí Công (1987-1992)
Head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers DJO Muoi ( 1988-8. August 1991 )
Chairman of the Council of Ministers Võ Văn Kiệt (1988, August 8 1991-1997) (since 1992 Prime Minister )

Southwest Asia

Armenia ( September 21 independent in 1991 ) Head of state: President Levon Ter -Petrossian (21 September 1991-1998 ) (until November 21, 1991 Chairman of the Supreme Soviet )
Head of government: Prime Minister Wasken Manukyan (21 September 1991-22 November 1991. )
Gagik Harutyunyan Prime Minister (November 22, 1991-1992, 1993-199 )

Azerbaijan (since August 30, 1991 independent) Head of state: President Ayaz Mutallibow (August 30, 1991-1992, 1992)
Head of government: Prime Minister Hassan Hassanow (August 30, 1991-1992)

Bahrain Head of State: Emir Isa II (1971-1999)
Head of government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia ( April 9 independent in 1991 ) Head of state: President Zviad Gamsakhurdia (9 April 1991-1992)
Head of government: Prime Minister Tengiz Sigua (9 April 1991-18. August 1991, 1992-1993)
Prime Minister Murman Omanidse (18 August 1991-23. August 1991 ) (acting)
Prime Minister Bessarion Guguschwilii (August 21, 1991-1992)

Head of state: President of the Parliament Snaur Gassijew (November 28, 1991-1992)
Head of government: Prime Minister Oleg Tesejew (November 28, 1991-1993)

Iraq Head of state: President Saddam Hussein (1979-2003) (1979-1991, 1994-2003 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Minister President Saddam Hussein ( 1979-23. March 1991, 1994-2003 ) ( 1979-2003 President )
Prime Minister Saadoun Hammadi (23 March 1991-13. September 1991 )
Prime Minister Muhammad Hamza al- Zubaidi (September 13, 1991-1993)

Iran Religious leader: Supreme Leader Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) ( Prime Minister 1981-1989 )
Head of state: President Alī Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (1989-1997)

Israel Head of state: President Chaim Herzog (1983-1993)
Head of government: Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir (1983-1984, 1986-1992)

Yemen Head of state: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Saleh (1990-2012) ( 1994 President ) ( 1978-1990 President of North Yemen )
Head of government: Prime Minister Haidar Abu Bakr al -Attas (1990-1994) (1985-1986 Prime Minister of South Yemen, 1986-1990 President of South Yemen )

Jordan Head of state: King Hussein (1952-1999)
Head of government: Prime Minister Mudar Badran (1976-1979, 1980-1984, 1989-19 June 1991. )
Prime Minister Taher al -Masri (19 June 1991-21 November 1991. )
Prime Minister Zaid ibn Shaker (1989, November 21, 1991-1993, 1995-1996)

Qatar Heads of State and Head of government: Emir Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani (1972-1995)

Kuwait ( 1990-27 February 1991. Iraq annexed ) Head of State: Emir Jabir III. (1977-2006) (1962-1963, Prime Minister 1965-1978 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Sa'ad al -Abdallah al- Salim al- Sabah (1978-2003) (2006 Emir )

Lebanon Head of state: President Élias Hrawi (1989-1998)
Head of government: Prime Minister Omar Karami (1990-1992, 2004-2005)

Oman Heads of State and Head of Government: Sultan Qaboos bin Said (since 1970 )

Saudi Arabia Heads of State and Head of Government: King Fahd ibn Abd al - Aziz (1982-2005)

Syria Head of state: President Hafiz al -Assad (1971-2000) (1970-1971 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Mahmud Zuabi (1987-2000)

Turkey Head of state: President Turgut Özal (1989-1993) (1983-1989 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Yıldırım Akbulut ( 1989-23 June 1991. )
Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz (23 June 1991-20 November 1991., 1996, 1997-1999)
Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel (1965-1971, 1975-1977, 1977-1978, 1979-1980, November 20, 1991-1993) (1993-2000 President )

United Arab Emirates Head of state: President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1971-2004) (1966-2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi )
Head of government: Prime Minister Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum (1971-1979, 1990-2006) (1990-2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan Head of state: President Mohammad Najibullah (1987-1992)
Head of government: Prime Minister Fazal Haq Khaliqyar (1990-1992)

Kazakhstan (since December 16 independent) Head of state: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (since 16 December 1991 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Sergei Tereshchenko (16 December 1991-1994)

Kyrgyzstan (since August 31 independently ) Head of state: President Askar Akayev (August 31, 1991-2005 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Nassirdin Issanow (31 August 1991-29 November 1991. )
Prime Minister Andrei Iordan (November 29, 1991-1992) (acting)

Mongolia Head of state: President Punsalmaagiin Otschirbat (1990-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Daschiin Bjambasüren (1990-1992)

Tajikistan (since September 9 independent) Head of state: President Kadriddin Aslonow (9 September 1991-23. September 1991 ) (acting)
President Rahmon Nabijew (23 September 1991-27 October 1991., 1991-1992) (acting)
President Akbarscho Iskandrow (27 October 1991-2 December 1991., 1992-1992 ) (acting)
President Rahmon Nabijew (1991, December 2, 1991-1992)

Prime Minister Isatullo Chajojew (9 September 1991-1992)

Turkmenistan (since October 27 independent) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Saparmurat Niyazov (27 October 1991-2006 )

Uzbekistan (since December 25 independent) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Islom Karimov (since December 25, 1991 )

Australasia

Australia Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1952) Governor-General Bill Hayden (1989-1996)

Prime Minister Bob Hawke ( 1983-20 December 1991. )
Prime Minister Paul Keating (December 20, 1991-1996 )

Cook Islands ( independent state in free association with New Zealand ) Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965) Queen's Representative: Apenera Short (1990-2000)

Fiji Head of state: President Penaia Ganilau (1987-1993) (1983-1987 Governor General)
Head of government: Prime Minister Kamisese Mara (1970-1987, 1987-1992) (1993-2000 President )

Kiribati Heads of State and Head of Government: President Jeremiah Tabai (1979-1982, 1983-4. July 1991)
President Teatao Teannaki (4 July 1991-1994)

Marshall Islands Heads of State and Head of Government: President Amata Kabua (1986-1996)

Micronesia Heads of State and Head of Government: President John Haglelgam ( 1987-11 May 1991. )
President Bailey Olter (May 11, 1991-1997)

Nauru Heads of State and Head of Government: President Bernard Dowiyogo (1976-1978, 1989-1995, 1996, 1998-1999, 2000-2001, 2003, 2003 )

New Zealand Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1952) Governor General: Catherine Tizard (1990-1996)

Niue ( an independent state in free association with New Zealand ) Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1974) Queen's representative: Governor-General of New Zealand

Papua New Guinea Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1975) Governor General: Serei Eri ( 1990-4 October 1991. )
House Speaker Dennis Young (1989-1990 4 October 1991-18 November 1991. ) (Acting)
Wiwa Korowi (November 18, 1991-1997)

Solomon Islands Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1978) Governor General George Lepping (1988-1994)

Tonga Head of state: King Tupou IV Taufaahau (1970-2006)
Head of government: Prime Minister Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake ( 1970-21. August 1991 )
Prime Minister Baron Vaea (August 21, 1991-2000 )

Tuvalu Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II ( since 1978) Governor General: Toaripi Lauti (1990-1993) (1978-1981 Prime Minister )

Vanuatu Head of state: President Frederick Karlomuana Timakata (1984, 1989-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Walter Lini Hadye ( 1980-6. September 1991 )
Prime Minister Donald Kalpokas (6 September 1991-16 December 1991., 1998-1999)
Prime Minister Maxime Carlot Korman (December 16, 1991-1995, 1996)

Western Samoa (now Samoa) Head of state: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II (1962-2007)
Head of government: Prime Minister Tofilau Eti Alesana (1982-1985, 1988-1998)

Europe

Albania Party leader: first secretary of the Albanian Workers' Party Ramiz Alia (. 1985-4 May 1991) ( head of state from 1982 to 1992 )
Head of state: Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly Ramiz Alia (1982-1992) (1985-1991 Party leader )
Head of government: Prime Minister Adil Carcani ( 1981-22 February 1991. )
Prime Minister Fatos Nano (22 February 1991-5 June 1991., 1997-1998, 2002-2005 )
Prime Minister Ylli Bufi (5 June 1991-10 December 1991. )
Prime Minister Vilson Ahmeti (10 December 1991-1992)

Andorra Co - Prince: President of France François Mitterrand (1981-1995)
Bishop of Urgell Joan Martí Alanís (1971-2003)

Belgium Head of state: King Baudouin I (1951-1993)
Head of government: Prime Minister Wilfried Martens (1979-1981, 1981-1992)

Bulgaria Head of state: President Zhelev Schelju (1990-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Dimitar Popov ( 1990-8 November 1991. )
Prime Minister Filip Dimitrov (November 8, 1991-1992)

Denmark Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
Head of government: Minister of State Poul Schlüter (1982-1993)

Federal Republic of Germany Head of State: President Richard von Weizsäcker (1984-1994)
Head of Government: Chancellor Helmut Kohl (1982-1998)

Estonia (since August 20 independently ) Head of state: ( vacant until 1992)
Head of government: Prime Minister Edgar Savisaar (August 20, 1991-1992)

Finland Head of state: President Mauno Koivisto (1982-1994) (1968-1970, 1979-1982 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Harri Holkeri ( 1987-26. April 1991)
Prime Minister Esko Aho (26 April 1991-1995)

France Head of state: President François Mitterrand (1981-1995)
Head of government: Prime Minister Michel Rocard ( 1988-15 May 1991. )
Prime Minister Edith Cresson (May 15, 1991-1992)

Greece Head of State: President Konstantinos Karamanlis (1974, 1980-1985, 1990-1995) ( 1955-1958, 1958-1961, 1961-1963, 1974-1980 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Konstantinos Mitsotakis (1990-1993)

Ireland Head of state: President Mary Robinson (1990-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Charles J. Haughey (1979-1981, 1982, 1987-1992 )

Iceland Head of state: President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (1980-1996)
Head of government: Prime Minister Steingrímur Hemm (1983-1987, 1988-30. April 1991)
Prime Minister Oddsson Davíð (30 April 1991-2004 )

Italy Head of state: President Francesco Cossiga (1985-1992) (1979-1980 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti (1972-1973, 1976-1979, 1989-1992)

Yugoslavia Head of state: Chairman of the Presidium Borisav Jovic ( 1990-15 May 1991. )
Chairman of the Presidium of Stjepan Mesic (July 1, 1991-3 October 1991. )
Chairman of the Presidium Branko Kostić (October 3, 1991-1992) (acting)

President of the Bundesrat Ante Marković exporting ( 1989-20 December 1991. )
President of the Bundesrat Aleksandar Mitrovic exporting (December 20, 1991-1992) (acting)

Croatia (since June 25, 1991 regardless ) Head of state: President Franjo Tuđman (June 25, 1991-1999 )
Head of government: Government President Josip Manolić (25 June 1991-17. July 1991)
Government President Franjo Gregurić (17 July 1991-1992)

Latvia (since August 21, 1991 independent) Head of state: parliamentary speaker Anatoliy Gorbunovs (August 21, 1991-1993) (acting)
Head of government: Prime Minister Ivars Godmanis (August 21, 1991-1993, 2007-2009)

Liechtenstein Head of state: Prince Hans -Adam II (since 1989)
Head of government: Hans Brunhart (1978-1993)

Lithuania Head of state: Chairman of the Constituent Assembly Vytautas Landsbergis (1990-1992)
Head of government: Prime Minister Casimire PRUNSKIENE (11 March 1990-10 January 1991. )
Prime Minister Albertas Šimėnas (10 January 1991-13 January 1991. )
Prime Minister Gediminas Vagnorius (January 13, 1991-1992, 1996-1999)

Luxembourg Head of State: Grand Duke Jean (1964-2000)
Head of government: Minister of State Jacques Santer (1984-1995)

Malta Head of state: President censu Tabone (1989-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Edward Fenech Adami (1987-1996, 1998-2004) (2004-2009 President )

Macedonia (since September 18, 1991 independent) Head of state: President Kiro Gligorov (September 18, 1991-1999 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Nikola Kljusev (September 18, 1991-1992)

Moldova (since August 27, 1991 independent) Head of state: President Mircea Snegur ion (27 August 1991-1997)
Head of government: Prime Minister Valeriu Muravschi (27 August 1991-1992)

President Igor Smirnov (27 August 1991-2011 )

Monaco Head of State: Prince Rainier III. (1949-2005)
Head of government: Minister of State Jean Ausseil ( 1985-16 February 1991. )
State Minister Jacques Dupont (February 16, 1991-1994)

Netherlands Head of state: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
Head of government: Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers (1982-1994)

Norway Head of state: King Olav V ( 1957-17 January 1991. )
King Harald V ( since 17 January 1991)

Austria Head of State: President Kurt Waldheim (1986-1992)
Head of Government: Chancellor Franz Vranitzky (1986-1997)

Poland Head of state: President Lech Wałęsa (1990-1995)
Head of government: Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki ( 1989-4 January 1991. )
Prime Minister Jan Bielecki (4 January 1991-5 December 1991. )
Prime Minister Jan Olszewski (6 December 1991-1992)

Portugal Head of state: President Mário Soares (1986-1996) (1976-1978, 1983-1985 Prime Minister )
Head of government: Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva (1985-1995) ( President since 2006 )

Romania Head of State: President Ion Iliescu (1989-1996, 2000-2004)
Head of government: Prime Minister Petre Roman ( 1989-1 October 1991. )
Prime Minister Theodor Stolojan (October 1, 1991-1992)

Russia (since December 26 independent) Head of state: President Boris Yeltsin (26 December 1991-1999 )
Head of government: ( vacant)

San Marino Captains Regent: Cesare Antonio Gasperoni (1 October 1990-1. April 1991, 2005) and Roberto Bucci (1 October 1990-1. April 1991)
Domenico Bernardini (1 April 1991-1 October 1991. ) And Claudio Podeschi (1 April 1991-1 October 1991. )
Edda Ceccoli (1 October 1991-1. April 1992) and Marino Riccardi (1 October 1991-1. April 1992, '2004 ' )

Sweden Head of state: King Carl XVI. Gustaf ( since 1973)
Head of government: Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson ( 1986-3 October 1991., 1994-1996)
Prime Minister Carl Bildt (October 3, 1991-1994)

Switzerland President Flavio Cotti (1991, 1998)
Bundesrat: Otto Stich (1984-1995)
Jean -Pascal Delamuraz (1984-1998)
Flavio Cotti (1987-1999)
Arnold Koller (1987-1999)
René Felber (1988-1993)
Adolf Ogi (1988-2000)
Kaspar Villiger (1989-2003)

Slovenia (since June 25, 1991 regardless ) Head of State: President Milan Kučan (June 25, 1991-2002 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Lojze Peterle (June 25, 1991-1992)

Soviet Union ( dissolved on December 25, 1991) Party Leader: General Secretary of the CPSU Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991) (1988-1989 head of state )
Head of state: President Mikhail Gorbachev ( 1988-25 December 1991. ) (1985-1991 Party leader )
Head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Nikolai Ryzhkov ( 1985-14 January 1991. )
Prime Minister Valentin Pavlov (14 January 1991-22. August 1991 )
Prime Minister Ivan Silajew (6 September 1991-25 December 1991. )

Spain Head of state: King Juan Carlos I (since 1975)
Head of government: Prime Minister Felipe González (1982-1996)

Czechoslovakia Head of state: President Vaclav Havel (1989-1992)
Head of government: Prime Minister Marián Čalfa (1989-1992)

Ukraine (since August 24, 1991 independent) Head of State: President Leonid Kravchuk (24 August 1991-1994) ( until December 25th Chairman of the Supreme Sowkets )
Head of government: Prime Minister Witold Fokin (24 August 1991-1992)

Hungary Head of state: President Arpad Göncz (1990-2000)
Head of government: Prime Minister József Antall (1990-1993)

Vatican City Head of state: Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)
Head of government: President of the Governorate Rosalio Lara (1990-1997)

United Kingdom Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) ( crowned 1953)
Head of government: Prime Minister John Major (1990-1997)

Belarus (since August 25, 1991 independent) Head of state: Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Stanislav Schuschkewitsch (September 18, 1991-1994)
Head of government: Prime Minister Wjatschaslau Kebitsch (September 18, 1991-1994)

Republic of Cyprus Heads of State and Head of Government: President George Vassiliou (1988-1993)
Northern Cyprus ( internationally unrecognized ) Head of state: President Rauf Denktash (1983-2005)
Head of government: Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu (1985-1994, 1996-2004, 2009-2010) ( President since 2010 )

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